{ "id": 8575541, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. H. R. VESTAL", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Vestal", "decision_date": "1972-06-16", "docket_number": "No. 108", "first_page": "517", "last_page": "524", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "281 N.C. 517" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "375 U.S. 42", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11716394, 11716422 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/375/0042-01", "/us/375/0042-02" ] }, { "cite": "191 N.E. 2d 272", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "240 N.Y.S. 2d 734", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "12 N.Y. 2d 462", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.2d", "case_ids": [ 2264623 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ny-2d/12/0462-01" ] }, { "cite": "281 Minn. 492", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Minn.", "case_ids": [ 298815 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/minn/281/0492-01" ] }, { "cite": "40 A. 2d 177", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "131 Conn. 292", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Conn.", "case_ids": [ 1588346 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/conn/131/0292-01" ] }, { "cite": "425 F. 2d 1141", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 3681416 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/425/1141-01" ] }, { "cite": "99 L.Ed. 27", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "348 U.S. 26", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6930659 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "102" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/348/0026-01" ] }, { "cite": "108 S.E. 2d 74", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "250 N.C. 54", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8619477 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/250/0054-01" ] }, { "cite": "34 A. 2d 188", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "113 Vt. 341", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Vt.", "case_ids": [ 8544179 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/vt/113/0341-01" ] }, { "cite": "225 A. 2d 624", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "107 N.H. 485", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.H.", "case_ids": [ 4461353 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nh/107/0485-01" ] }, { "cite": "193 La. 895", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "La.", "case_ids": [ 10053785, 3164143 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/so/192/0523-01", "/la/193/0995-01" ] }, { "cite": "230 La. 651", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "La.", "case_ids": [ 3084106, 10038790 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/la/230/0651-01", "/so2d/89/0156-01" ] }, { "cite": "202 So. 2d 782", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "So. 2d", "case_ids": [ 9802743 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/so2d/202/0782-01" ] }, { "cite": "102 S.E. 2d 229", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "247 N.C. 671", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8628260 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/247/0671-01" ] }, { "cite": "260 U.S. 393", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11926101 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/260/0393-01" ] }, { "cite": "276 U.S. 182", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 3902189 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/276/0182-01" ] }, { "cite": "87 S.E. 976", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "171 N.C. 98", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11269213 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/171/0098-01" ] }, { "cite": "51 S.E. 2d 731", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "229 N.C. 764", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 12168052 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "769" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/229/0764-01" ] }, { "cite": "105 S.E. 2d 37", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "248 N.C. 637", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8625490 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "642" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/248/0637-01" ] }, { "cite": "114 S.E. 2d 660", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "252 N.C. 690", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8625444 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "694" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/252/0690-01" ] }, { "cite": "91 N.C. 550", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8697176 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "553" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/91/0550-01" ] }, { "cite": "185 S.E. 674", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "210 N.C. 117", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8623765 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/210/0117-01" ] }, { "cite": "122 S.E. 2d 768", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "256 N.C. 27", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8570691 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/256/0027-01" ] }, { "cite": "139 S.E. 2d 870", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "263 N.C. 536", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8571870 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/263/0536-01" ] }, { "cite": "148 S.E. 2d 275", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "267 N.C. 353", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8559295 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/267/0353-01" ] }, { "cite": "269 U.S. 385", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 186255 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/269/0385-01" ] }, { "cite": "99 S.E. 2d 745", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "246 N.C. 561", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8627430 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/246/0561-01" ] }, { "cite": "103 S.E. 2d 846", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "248 N.C. 485", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8624484 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/248/0485-01" ] }, { "cite": "170 S.E. 2d 913", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "276 N.C. 60", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8560017 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/276/0060-01" ] }, { "cite": "176 S.E. 2d 772", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "277 N.C. 242", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8563953 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/277/0242-01" ] }, { "cite": "144 S.E. 2d 14", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "265 N.C. 331", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8575235 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/265/0331-01" ] }, { "cite": "46 S.E. 2d 860", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "228 N.C. 664", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8628020 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/228/0664-01" ] }, { "cite": "105 S.E. 2d 101", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "249 N.C. 35", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8606771 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/249/0035-01" ] }, { "cite": "375 U.S. 9", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11715244, 11715279 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/375/0009-01", "/us/375/0009-02" ] }, { "cite": "129 S.E. 2d 262", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "258 N.C. 533", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561703 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/258/0533-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 901, "char_count": 19043, "ocr_confidence": 0.53, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.852075518253687e-07, "percentile": 0.8996897116395589 }, "sha256": "00c425062e2d582fbd26e5881b6478fd076760e05334d9d01d76ecd9535c9620", "simhash": "1:4501956ad75e29db", "word_count": 3243 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:53:41.611741+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. H. R. VESTAL" ], "opinions": [ { "text": "LAKE, Justice.\nThe defendant\u2019s motion to quash raises the question of the sufficiency of the summons, or warrant, to charge the commission of a criminal offense. State v. Brewer, 258 N.C. 533, 129 S.E. 2d 262, 1 A.L.R. 3rd 1323, app. dism., 375 U.S. 9; State v. Walker, 249 N.C. 35, 105 S.E. 2d 101; State v. Glidden Co., 228 N.C. 664, 46 S.E. 2d 860. It is essential to jurisdiction that a criminal offense be charged in the warrant or indictment upon which the State brings the defendant to trial. State v. Guffey, 265 N.C. 331, 144 S.E. 2d 14. If the only charge therein is that the defendant violated a statute or an ordinance which is unconstitutional, the motion to quash must be allowed.\nIn passing upon such motion, the court treats the allegations of fact in the warrant, or indictment, as true and considers only the record proper and the provisions of the statute or ordinance. State v. Lee, 277 N.C. 242, 176 S.E. 2d 772; State v. McBane, 276 N.C. 60, 170 S.E. 2d 913; State v. Cooke, 248 N.C. 485, 103 S.E. 2d 846; State v. Andrews, 246 N.C. 561, 99 S.E. 2d 745. There was, therefore, no error in the refusal of the superior court to permit witnesses for the State to testify as to the manner in which the defendant actually operates his business. The State\u2019s Assignment of Error No. 1 is, therefore, overruled.\nThe summons, or warrant, in the present case charges the defendant with violation of the requirement of the ordinance that \u201ca solid fence or wall not less than 6 feet in height shall be erected not less than 50 feet from the edge of any public road adjoining the yards.\u201d (Emphasis added.) As Justice Parker, later Chief Justice, speaking for this Court in State v. Brewer, supra, said, \u201cThe books are filled with statements by the Courts of the rule that a crime must be defined in a penal statute with appropriate certainty and definiteness.\u201d In Connally v. General Construction Co., 269 U.S. 385, 46 S.Ct. 126, 70 L.Ed. 322, it is said, \u201c[A] statute which either forbids or requires the doing of an act in terms so vague that men of common intelligence must necessarily guess at its meaning and differ as to its application violates the first essential of due process.\u201d To the same effect, see: State v. Furio, 267 N.C. 353, 148 S.E. 2d 275; State v. Lowry and State v. Mallory, 263 N.C. 536, 139 S.E. 2d 870; State v. Hales, 256 N.C. 27, 122 S.E. 2d 768; State v. Morrison, 210 N.C. 117, 185 S.E. 674.\nThe ordinance contains no definition of the term \u201cthe edge of any public road.\u201d The term \u201cpublic road\u201d includes, of course, both paved and unpaved roads. In oral argument, counsel for the State suggested that the edge of a road is the edge of the traveled portion thereof. In the case of an unpaved road, however, this will vary from time to time. Other possible interpretations include: the outer edge of the shoulder, the outer edge of the side ditch, the edge of the pavement in the case of a paved road, the outer boundary of the right of way. Between these possible constructions, the court is not permitted to make a selection. State v. Morrison, supra; State v. Partlow, 91 N.C. 550, 553. The operator of an automobile wrecking yard may not be required to guess at the required location of his fence at the risk of a fine or imprisonment if he guesses wrong as to the location which the court says was the one intended by the legislative body. The provision of the ordinance here in question must be deemed unconstitutionally vague and for this reason, if for no other, the motion to quash was properly allowed.\nThe ordinance does not require, and would not necessarily be satisfied by, the erection of a fence upon the boundary of the lot whereon the automobile wrecking yard is located. It may well be that the right of way for the road may not extend as far as 50 feet from \u201cthe edge of the road,\u201d assuming that to be capable of location. In that situation, the ordinance would require the erection of a solid fence at a point which would render virtually unusable a portion of the land of the operator of the yard.\nThe State, on behalf of the county, contends that the purpose of the requirement is not aesthetics but highway safety. It says that the lot of this defendant lies in the corner of an intersection of two public roads and contends that, without such a fence, junked automobiles, awaiting dismantling or other disposition by the defendant, will be stored so near the roads as to block the view of the drivers, thus increasing the danger of collisions in the intersection. While a reasonable restriction upon the use which a landowner may make of his property may be imposed under the police power in the interest of public safety, there must be a reasonable basis for supposing that the restriction imposed will promote such safety, otherwise the restriction is a deprivation of property without due process of law. See: State v. Warren, 252 N.C. 690, 694, 114 S.E. 2d 660; Winston-Salem v. R. R., 248 N.C. 637, 642, 105 S.E. 2d 37; State v. Ballance, 229 N.C. 764, 769, 51 S.E. 2d 731; Skinner v. Thomas, 171 N.C. 98, 87 S.E. 976.\nIt is obvious that a solid fence, 6 feet high, upon, or approximately upon, the boundaries between the wrecking yard and the rights of way of two intersecting roads, would be more of an obstruction to the view of drivers than would junked automobiles, parked near but within the boundaries of the yard. Furthermore, the requirement of the ordinance is not limited to yards lying at an intersection of roads. It applies where a single road runs along one side of the automobile wrecking yard. Clearly, automobiles stored within the boundaries of such a yard will not obstruct the view of drivers of vehicles' on the road. It is utterly unrealistic to suppose that the sights observable in the yard will distract drivers from attention to traffic on the highway. Consequently, we see no reasonable basis for supposing that the construction of such a fence along the boundary of the automobile wrecking yard will promote safety on the adjacent roads.\nIf the proper construction of the ordinance is that the fence must be built substantially within the boundaries of the lot in which the automobile wrecking business is located, then the ordinance encounters the further difficulty that it is a taking of the lot owner\u2019s property for a public use without compensation, which both the Federal and State Constitutions forbid. Del., LAW. R. R. v. Morristown, 276 U.S. 182, 48 S.Ct. 276, 72 L.Ed. 523; Penna. Coal Co. v. Mahon, 260 U.S. 393, 43 S.Ct. 158, 67 L.Ed. 322; DeBruhl v. Highway Commission, 247 N.C. 671, 102 S.E. 2d 229. If, in the interest of public safety at an intersection \u00abof highways, greater visibility is required than is afforded by removing obstructions from existing rights of way, land necessary to afford such increased view of approaches to the intersection may be taken by the appropriate public authorities under the power of eminent domain, but just compensation for the land so taken must be paid to the property owner. His property may not be taken for such purpose, without compensation, under the guise of a regulation of his business pursuant to the police power.\nWe do not have before us in the present case a charge that the defendant obstructed the right of way of either of the roads abutting his lot, by storing material thereon or by permitting material to spill over from his property onto such right of way. Nothing in this opinion is to be deemed to restrict the right of the State, or of the local authorities, to take appropriate action against such practices when and where they may occur.\nThe requirement that the owner of an automobile wrecking yard, located in a rural, \u201cgeneral industrial district\u201d of Forsyth County, erect a solid fence 6 feet high at least 50 feet from the edge of any public road adjoining the yard, has no substantial relation to the public health, morals or safety such as will sustain the requirement as a legitimate exercise of the police power of the State for any of these purposes. In this respect the present case is distinguishable from decisions in other jurisdictions sustaining city ordinances requiring fencing of junk yards. See: Rotenberg v. City of Fort Pierce, 202 So. 2d 782 (Fla. App.); City of Shreveport v. Brock, 230 La. 651, 89 So. 2d 156; City of New Orleans v. Southern Auto Wreckers, 193 La. 895, 192 So. 523; Lachapelle v. Town of Goffstown, 107 N.H. 485, 225 A. 2d 624; Vermont Salvage Corp. v. Village of St. Johnsbury, 113 Vt. 341, 34 A. 2d 188. Even in an industrial or commercial area of a city or town, the safety of pedestrians upon adjoining sidewalks, the fire hazard inherent in an accumulation of junk, the threat to the public health incident to the attraction of such yards for rats, the possible use of such yards as hiding places for criminal activities and the attraction of materials stored therein for playing children, offer reasonable basis for the requirement that junk yards maintained in cities or other heavily populated areas be securely fenced.\nThe State does not contend upon this appeal that aesthetic considerations alone will support an exercise of the police power to impose a regulation upon the manner in which a landowner may use his property for the conduct of an otherwise lawful business. Its contention is that the requirement of fencing, imposed by the ordinance before us, is valid because reasonably related to public safety. We, therefore, do not have before us the question presented to this Court in State v. Brown and State v. Narron, 250 N.C. 54, 108 S.E. 2d 74, concerning the validity of such a requirement, based upon aesthetic considerations alone. We express no opinion thereon, though we note the growing body of authority in other jurisdictions to the effect that the police power may be broad enough to include reasonable regulation of property use for aesthetic reasons only. See: Berman v. Parker, 348 U.S. 26, 75 S.Ct. 98, 102, 99 L.Ed. 27; E. B. Elliott Adv. Co. v. Metropolitan Dade County, 425 F. 2d 1141 (5th Circuit, applying the law of Florida); Murphy v. Town of Westport, 131 Conn. 292, 40 A. 2d 177; Rotenberg v. City of Fort Pierce, supra; City of Shreveport v. Brock, supra; Lachapelle v. Town of Goffstown, supra; Naegele Outdoor Advertising Co. v. Village of Minnetonka, 281 Minn. 492, 162 N.W. 2d 206; People v. Stover, 12 N.Y. 2d 462, 240 N.Y.S. 2d 734, 191 N.E. 2d 272, app. dism., 375 U.S. 42; Annot., 21 A.L.R. 3rd 1222, 1225.\nThe provision of the Forsyth County ordinance which the defendant is charged with violating being invalid for the reasons above stated, the motion to quash was properly granted.\nAffirmed.", "type": "majority", "author": "LAKE, Justice." } ], "attorneys": [ "Attorney General Morgan, P. Eugene Price, Jr., County Attorney, and Robert K. Leonard, Assistant County Attorney, for the State.", "White, Crumpler and Pfefferkorn, by Fred G. Crumpler, Jr., Michael J. Lewis and G. Edgar Parker for defendant." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. H. R. VESTAL\nNo. 108\n(Filed 16 June 1972)\n1. Indictment and Warrant \u00a7 14\u2014 motion to quash \u2014 question presented\nDefendant\u2019s motion to quash the warrant raises the question of the sufficiency of the warrant to charge the commission of a criminal offense.\n2. Criminal Law \u00a7 13; Indictment and Warrant \u00a7 14\u2014 jurisdiction \u2014 valid warrant or indictment\nIt is essential to jurisdiction that a criminal offense be charged in the warrant or indictment upon which defendant is tried; if the only charge therein is that the defendant violated a statute or an ordinance which is unconstitutional, a motion to quash the warrant or indictment must be allowed.\n3. Indictment and Warrant \u00a7 14\u2014 motion to quash \u2014 extraneous evidence\nIn passing upon defendant\u2019s motion to quash a warrant charging him with violating a county zoning ordinance by failing to erect a fence along boundaries of an automobile wrecking yard adjoining public highways, the trial court properly refused to permit the State to introduce evidence of the manner in which defendant actually operates his wrecking yard, since in ruling on such motion the trial court treats the allegations of the warrant as true and considers only the record proper and the provisions of the ordinance.\n4. Counties \u00a7 5; Municipal Corporations \u00a7 30\u2014 county zoning ordinance \u2014 fencing of automobile wrecking yard \u2014 unconstitutionality\nProvision of a county zoning ordinance requiring that \u201ca solid fence or wall not less than 6 feet in height shall be erected not less than 60 feet from the edge of any public road adjoining\u201d an automobile wrecking yard in a rural, \u201cgeneral industrial district\u201d of the county is unconstitutionally vague in failing to define the term \u201cthe edge of any public road,\u201d and has no relation to the public health, morals or safety such as will sustain it as a legitimate exercise of the police power.\n5. Constitutional Law \u00a7 13\u2014 police power \u2014 restriction on land use \u2014 public safety\nWhile a reasonable restriction upon the use which a landowner may make of his property may be imposed under the police power in the interest of public safety, there must be a reasonable basis for supposing that the restriction imposed will promote such safety, otherwise the restriction is a deprivation of property without due process of law.\n6. Counties \u00a7 5; Eminent Domain \u00a7 2\u2014 county zoning ordinance \u2014 fencing of automobile wrecking yard \u2014 taking without compensation\nIf the proper construction of a county ordinance requiring a fence \u201cnot less than 60 feet from the edge of any public road adjoining\u201d an automobile wrecking yard is that the fence must be built substantially within the boundaries of the lot on which the yard is located, the ordinance requirement constitutes a taking of the lot owner\u2019s property for a public use without compensation in violation of both the Federal and State Constitutions.\nAppeal by the State from Kivett, J., at the 6 December 1971 Schedule \u201cB\u201d Session of Foesyth, heard prior to determination by the Court of Appeals.\nThe Board of Commissioners of Forsyth County adopted a comprehensive zoning resolution dividing the entire county, outside the corporate limits of the City of Winston-Salem, the Town of Kernersville and the adjacent areas within one mile thereof, into seven use districts, specifying the uses which may be made of land in each such district and imposing special requirements with reference to certain such uses.\nThe resolution establishes a \u201cgeneral industrial district,\u201d designated 1-3, \u201cto provide for industries which generally require specially selected locations in the community.\u201d Auto wrecking yards, building material salvage yards, general salvage yards and scrap metal processing yards are permitted in an 1-3 district only. Such yard, within an 1-3 district, must be operated in conformity to certain requirements. One of these, the validity of which is here in question, is:\n\u201cA solid fence or wall not less than 6 feet in height shall be erected not less than 50 feet from the edge of any public road adjoining the yards, and a screen of evergreen shrubs or trees not less than 8 feet in height at maturity shall be planted on the other boundaries of the property * * * . Any such fence shall be painted, unless the fence is made of aluminum or rust-proof metal or other prefinished material, and any fence or shrubs or trees shall be maintained in sound condition. No such fence shall contain advertising other than lettering which identifies the operation carried on within the enclosure. * * * Such uses existing at the time of the adoption of this resolution shall be provided with screening, as herein specified, with [sic] a period of three years after the date of adoption of this Resolution.\u201d\nThe resolution declares that the purpose of special conditions so imposed upon the operation of these and other types of businesses is \u201cto insure reasonable standards of community-safety and acceptability consistent with advanced industrial practices.\u201d\nThe resolution further provides that the violation of any of its provisions after the expiration of ten days following the service of notice upon the violator shall be a misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed fifty dollars or imprisonment for not more than thirty days, or both, each day of the continuance of such violation beyond such ten day period to be deemed a separate offense.\nA Misdemeanor Summons, or warrant, was issued and served upon the defendant, charging:\n\u201c[T]he defendant * * * did unlawfully, and wilfully fail to erect on the boundaries of his real property that adjoin public roads a solid fence or wall not l\u00e9ss than 6 feet in height not less than 50 feet from the edge of the public roads (said roads being State Road No. 1448 of the State Highway System and Old 421 Highway) adjoining the real property owned and operated by the defendant as an auto-wrecking yard, said auto-wrecking yard owned and operated by the defendant being known as Westside Motors, said failure to erect said solid fence or wall being in violation of an ordinance of Forsyth County bearing the caption \u2018Zoning Resolution, Forsyth County, North Carolina\u2019 and enacted by the Board of Commissioners of Forsyth County on April 8, 1967, as amended from time to time. * * * \u201d\nIn the district court the defendant moved to quash the warrant, which motion the district court allowed on the ground that the provisions of the zoning resolution pertaining to fencing or screening of the boundaries of an auto wrecking yard are unconstitutional in that they are based purely on aesthetic grounds, without any real or substantial relationship to the public health, safety, or welfare.\nThe State appealed to the superior court. There the defendant again moved to quash the warrant on the ground that the zoning resolution is in violation of Art. I, \u00a7\u00a7 1 and 17, now \u00a7 19, of the North Carolina Constitution and of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States, he contending that it is an arbitrary deprivation of liberty, bearing no reasonable relation to the public health, morals, order or safety or to the general welfare, being based solely upon aesthetic considerations and being an arbitrary discrimination against operators of a wrecking yard on property adjoining a public road. The superior court allowed the motion to quash on the ground that the above quoted requirement is based solely upon aesthetic grounds, without any real or substantial relationship to the public health, safety or general welfare, and is, therefore, in violation of the above mentioned constitutional provisions.\nFrom this decision the State appeals, assigning as error: (1) The refusal of the court to permit the State to introduce the testimony of three witnesses concerning the manner of operation of the defendant\u2019s auto wrecking yard; and (2) the entry of the order quashing the warrant. The State contends that the requirement of the resolution, here in question, was \u201cneither solely nor predominantly based upon aesthetics or aesthetic consideration,\u201d but bears a real and substantial relation to the public health, safety and welfare.\nAttorney General Morgan, P. Eugene Price, Jr., County Attorney, and Robert K. Leonard, Assistant County Attorney, for the State.\nWhite, Crumpler and Pfefferkorn, by Fred G. Crumpler, Jr., Michael J. Lewis and G. Edgar Parker for defendant." }, "file_name": "0517-01", "first_page_order": 545, "last_page_order": 552 }