#### JONATHAN FORD vs. LEWIS VANDYKE.

In charging a guardian, the mode of compounding interest is to make annual rests, making the aggregate of the principal and interest, due at the end of a particular year, a capital sum bearing six per cent, interest thence forward for another year, and so on, with rests from year to year, Butifasumbe found due at a rest day during the guardianship, that sum, being then converted into capital, is entitled to draw interest thereafter until it shall be paid, and that is but simple interest, there being no subsequent rest made.

Where an assignee of a bond brings an action of debt upon the bond, and the defendant pleads won est factum only, this plea does not deny the assignment. But, if the action be on the case, as given by our Statute to the assignee of a bond, the general issue denies both the execution of the bond and the endorsement.

Appeal from the Superior Court of Law of Macon County, at the Fall Term 1849, his Honor Judge Ellis presiding.

The declaration is in debt on a bond for $170 12, alleged to be executed by the defendant to George R. Led-ford, indorsed to Javan Trammell and by him to'the plaintiff. Pleas, non est factum, payment, and the statute against usury. The bond produced on the trial was for $262 56, with sundry payments credited on it. After proving its execution, the plaintiff offered it in evidence, and the defendants objected to it for the variance between it and that declared on ; but the Court received it. On it were the two endorsements stated in the declaration, but that to the plaintiff purported to be made in the name of Javan Trammell “by his agent, Newell Trammell.”— The plaintiff then produced a witness, who stated, that *228he was with said Javan and Newell at their residence in Georgia, before the endorsement, to the plaintiff, and the former said, that he was too unwell to visit North Carolina, and he intended to send Newell to do some business for him, and that, on the same occasion, Newell stated to the witness, that he was going to North Carolina to collect a bond on Lewis Vandyke : but the witness could not tell, whether Javan heard that or not. Upon that evidence and after objection from the defendants, the “'endorsements were read to the jury The defendants then gave evidence, that the defendant Vandyke had been the guardian of the obligee, Ledford, and that about three months after Ledford came of full age, he and Vandyke met for the purpose of making a settlement, and that, between themselves, they ascertained the principal sums received, the disbursements made by the guardian for the ward, and that, then, they referred it to three persons to make the proper calculations of interest, so as to compute the sum then due to Ledford, and that, in doing so, those persons calculated compound interest up to the day of the settlement, and thereby made the balance of principal and interest amount to the sum of $2(52 56 for which the bond was given.

The counsel for the defendant insisted, that the bond was usurious, and also, that Newell Trammell had no power to make the endorsement to the plaintiff. But the Court instructed the jury, that the transaction between Ledford and Vandyke was not usurious ; and that, if they believed Newell Trammell had in fact been au-thorised by said Javan to endorse the bond in his name, they ought to find for the plaintiff, after deducting the payments proved. The jury found the payments, and then a balance of principal money of ®172 69, due on the bond, and assessed damages for interest since the last payment, and also found for the plaintiff on the plea of usury, and after judgment the defendant appealed.

*229 J. W. Woodjiin, for the plaintiff.

J. Baxter, for the defendant.

Ruffin, C. J.

The instructions were right upon the question of usury The point, as to the amount of interest, was referred to arbitrators, and there is nothing to shew, that their determination was not the honest result of their judgment, without collusion with the view of giving color to an arrangement of the parties in evasion of the statute. The award, thus fairly made, judicially established the interest legally due, and one of the parties can no more unravel the award in order to open the question, than he could, for that purpose, go behind a judgment or decree of a Court of justice. Besides, the decision of the arbitrators was perfectly correct. It is true, that interest on a debt from a guardian, is not compounded after the ward comes of age But, that was not done here. The mode of compounding the interest in such cases, is to make annual rests, making the aggregate of principal and interest, due at the end of a particular year, a capital sum bearing six per cent, interest, thence forward for another year, and so on with rests from year to year.

But if a sum be found due at a rest day during the guardianship, that sum, being then converted into capital, is entitled to draw interest thereafter until it shall be paid, and that is but simple interest, there being no subsequent rest made. That was this case ; for the settlement was made within three months after the ward came of age, and, as the Court understands the statement, 6 per cent, interest merely was computed on the balance due at the preceding annual rest, during the infancy, from that day up to that of the settlement, on which the bond was given. That was legal, for as no rest was made after the full age of the ward, it is manifest he only got simple interest on the sum the law made principal during his minority. The other part of the instructions, if erroneous, was im*230material; since the endorsement from Trammell was not in issue on the record. If the plaintiff had brought the action on the case, given by the statute to the assignee of a bond, proof of the endorsement as well as of the bond would have been received on the general issue ; because, that goes to every fact entering into the right of the plaintiff and the obligation of the defendant to him. But in debt on a bond, the plea non est factum, is, in terms, restricted to the point, that the supposed bond is not the defendant’s deed ; consequently,, a special plea was necessary to put the endorsements in issue. But it was clearly erroneous to receive in evidence a bond for $262 56, under a declaration on one for $170 12, upon non est factum pleaded. The description of a deed in the declaration must be sustained by the proof; otherwise the pleadings do not identify the cause of action, and there would be no means, by which the defendant could avail himself, in another suit, of a judgment for or against him in this.

Per Curiam. Judgment reversed and venire de novo.