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App.", "case_ids": [ 8550997 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "237", "parenthetical": "\"Having multiple objectives of which some are not penal in nature, the statute cannot be deemed a penal statute . . . .\"" } ], "opinion_index": 2, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/43/0229-01" ] }, { "cite": "229 S.E.2d 297", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "301", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 2 }, { "cite": "291 N.C. 105", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8557369 ], "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "113", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 2, "case_paths": [ "/nc/291/0105-01" ] }, { "cite": "408 S.E.2d 853", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "opinion_index": 2 }, { "cite": "509 P.2d 1184", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "case_ids": [ 2132341 ], "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 2, "case_paths": [ "/or/265/0473-01" ] }, { "cite": "269 S.E.2d 117", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "122" } ], "opinion_index": 2 }, { "cite": "301 N.C. 44", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561083 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "52" } ], "opinion_index": 2, "case_paths": [ "/nc/301/0044-01" ] }, { "cite": "276 S.E.2d 397", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "402" }, { "page": "402" }, { "page": "403" } ], "opinion_index": 2 }, { "cite": "302 N.C. 539", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8567785 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "546" }, { "page": "547" } ], "opinion_index": 2, "case_paths": [ "/nc/302/0539-01" ] }, { "cite": "313 N.W.2d 215", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 5419806 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "217" }, { "page": "216" }, { "page": "220" } ], "opinion_index": 2, "case_paths": [ "/neb/210/0057-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 780, "char_count": 19308, "ocr_confidence": 0.758, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.4643845177263653e-07, "percentile": 0.6579692484001963 }, "sha256": "b14fccf0ad308b9ca932ce2423aa42cb11afe0eaa4b671530b5e7698aa9909b9", "simhash": "1:ae5962645769117b", "word_count": 3252 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:55:04.423674+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "file_name": "0076-01", "first_page_order": 104, "last_page_order": 113 }, { "id": 2510612, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. JACKIE ROBERT ANGEL", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Angel", "decision_date": "1991-10-03", "docket_number": "No. 505A90", "first_page": "85", "last_page": "93", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 85" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "349 S.E.2d 566", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "574" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "318 N.C. 457", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4732391 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "470" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/318/0457-01" ] }, { "cite": "392 S.E.2d 71", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "77", "parenthetical": "quoting State v. Ramey, 318 N.C. 457, 470, 349 S.E.2d 566, 574 (1986)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "326 N.C. 676", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 5308707 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "687", "parenthetical": "quoting State v. Ramey, 318 N.C. 457, 470, 349 S.E.2d 566, 574 (1986)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/326/0676-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 809, "char_count": 19485, "ocr_confidence": 0.759, "pagerank": { "raw": 6.49553822369817e-08, "percentile": 0.3995703996642275 }, "sha256": "44a3e285441f7c0c84d89f1cee7ab527ad3e9eee861282dc7a1314a2a3082277", "simhash": "1:ca750810a6f25052", "word_count": 3321 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:55:04.423674+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "file_name": "0085-01", "first_page_order": 113, "last_page_order": 121 }, { "id": 2510111, "name": "LOIS E. KOUFMAN v. JAMES A. KOUFMAN", "name_abbreviation": "Koufman v. Koufman", "decision_date": "1991-10-03", "docket_number": "No. 96A90", "first_page": "93", "last_page": "100", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 93" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "388 S.E.2d 207", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "97 N.C. App. 227", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8520189 ], "year": 1990, "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/97/0227-01" ] }, { "cite": "257 S.E.2d 116", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "118-19" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "42 N.C. App. 560", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. 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BARBEE v. THE HARFORD MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY", "name_abbreviation": "Barbee v. Harford Mutual Insurance", "decision_date": "1991-10-03", "docket_number": "No. 587PA90", "first_page": "100", "last_page": "104", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 100" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "397 S.E.2d 343", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "100 N.C. App. 548", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8527174 ], "year": 1990, "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/100/0548-01" ] }, { "cite": "93 ALR2d 1047", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 2d", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "578 S.W.2d 501", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 9943801 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "502" }, { "page": "502-03" }, { "page": "503" }, { "page": "503-04" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/sw2d/578/0501-01" ] }, { "cite": "248 So. 2d 626", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "So. 2d", "case_ids": [ 9752163 ], "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "liability insurance policy excluded coverage of damages resulting from defective repair performed by employee of garage" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/so2d/248/0626-01" ] }, { "cite": "253 Miss. 477", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Miss.", "case_ids": [ 1832001 ], "weight": 13, "year": 1965, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "479" }, { "page": "256" }, { "page": "479" }, { "page": "256-57" }, { "page": "479" }, { "page": "257" }, { "page": "480" }, { "page": "257" }, { "page": "482" }, { "page": "258" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/miss/253/0477-01" ] }, { "cite": "369 S.E.2d 128", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "130", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" }, { "parenthetical": "interpreting identical language, our Court of Appeals found the policy excluded coverage of damages resulting from defective work by the insured" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "90 N.C. App. 520", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8525265 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "523" }, { "parenthetical": "interpreting identical language, our Court of Appeals found the policy excluded coverage of damages resulting from defective work by the insured" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/90/0520-01" ] }, { "cite": "348 S.E.2d 794", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "318 N.C. 378", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4736888 ], "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/318/0378-01" ] }, { "cite": "130 S.E.2d 36", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1963, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "259 N.C. 115", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8559355 ], "year": 1963, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/259/0115-01" ] }, { "cite": "210 S.E.2d 187", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1974, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "286 N.C. 244", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8565075 ], "year": 1974, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/286/0244-01" ] }, { "cite": "400 S.E.2d 425", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "328 N.C. 262", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2540816 ], "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/328/0262-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 493, "char_count": 9940, "ocr_confidence": 0.778, "pagerank": { "raw": 9.696908184918005e-08, "percentile": 0.5297106124720012 }, "sha256": "4bb63b4ebffd1069754600c40e684cdf4b6469d8fef64353c57e57adfd3c0248", "simhash": "1:087e186e7c44a426", "word_count": 1594 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:55:04.423674+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "file_name": "0100-01", "first_page_order": 128, "last_page_order": 132 }, { "id": 2510773, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. ELWELL BARNES", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Barnes", "decision_date": "1991-10-03", "docket_number": "No. 5A86", "first_page": "104", "last_page": "110", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 104" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "494 U.S. 433", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 4898 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1990, "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/us/494/0433-01" ] }, { "cite": "108 L. Ed. 2d 602", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1990, "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "1 ALR3d 1461", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 3d", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "394 S.E.2d 426", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "432-33" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "327 N.C. 31", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2497152 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "43" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/327/0031-01" ] }, { "cite": "395 S.E.2d 402", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "327 N.C. 346", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2495939 ], "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/327/0346-01" ] }, { "cite": "401 S.E.2d 632", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "634" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "328 N.C. 288", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2541993 ], "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "293" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/328/0288-01" ] }, { "cite": "113 L. 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POU BAILEY, A. PILSTON GODWIN, HARRY L. UNDERWOOD, MELVIN T. MUNN, FRED BENSON, JAMES H. KLEU, JOSEPH GILMER BINKLEY, EULA G. BULLARD, MILDRED C. SEA WELL, EMILY B. JONES, SAMUEL T. ARRINGTON, JOHN W. CARTWRIGHT, DAVID L. BRITT, MATTIE E. LASSITER, PAUL LEE SALISBURY, JR., CHARLES S. MANOOCH, JR., ROY E. THOMPSON, AND CLYDE R. SHOOK, JOHN H. ALLEN, JESSE M. ALMON, EDWIN C. GUY, GEORGE SMITH, ERNEST P. CAIN, THOMAS DALE JOHNSON, BILLY A. BAKER, and ROSALIE T. ADAMS, VICTOR ALDRIDGE, SR., CLIFTON A. ANDERSON, HELEN L. ANDREWS, CHARLES E. ARRINGTON, LILLIAN B. ARRINGTON, WILLIAM K. AUBRY, JR., W. PRESTON BARBER, JR., PARKER N. BARE, MARGARET H. BARKLEY, JACKIE D. BARRETT, JAMES B. BARRETT, ARTHUR C. BEAMON, FRANK M. BENDER, WILLIAM D. BERG, THOMAS W. BERRIER, PAULINE J. BLACKBURN, BRENDA W. BLANCHFIELD, ROBERT L. BLEVINS, ELIZABETH F. BOLICH, JUNIOUS L. BOST, ELLIE L. BOYLES, HENRY L. BRIDGES, LAWRENCE R. BRIDGES, CAREY H. BROADWELL, CHANCEL T. BROWN, JOAN W. BROWN, MARGARET M. BROWN, JOHN W. BUCHAN, EUNICE W. BULLARD, DEWEY L. BUTLER, McCAULEY C. BYRUM, GERTRUDE G. CAHOON, JOSEPH H. CALDER, CATHERINE N. CANN, DOROTHY T. CARMICHAEL, MAURICE O. CATON, ROBERT A. CAUDLE, MARGARET H. CHAPMAN, ODELL CHILDRESS, CARL L. CLARKE, EDWARD L. CLAY, SR., SHARI T. CLINE, SELMA C. CLODFELTER, HAROLD D. COLEY, MATALINE COLLETTE, ROBERTA M. COOK, ANNA L. COOPER, BERTIE R. COOPER, CHARLIE C. COOPER, CARLYLE C. CRAVEN, N. CHRISTEL C. CREWS, DONALD E. CURTIS, VIOLET H. DANIEL, MILDRED K. DAVIS, HOWARD DICKEY, JOHN B. DILLARD, ESTHER P. DUNCAN, T. J. DUNCAN, HELEN M. DUPREE, JOSEPH E. DUPREE, JESSE W. EDWARDS, CHARLES B. ELKS, DAN R. EMORY, CHARLES F. ENGLISH, MARTIN W. ERICSON, JAMES M. EUBANKS, JR., RUTH U. FARTHING, NELLIE D. FOUNTAIN, J. WARREN FRANKLIN, ZENNA H. FRANKLIN, EMMA LEE FURCHES, ALFRED H. GARNER, EVELYN C. GARRISON, FRED W. GENTRY, CATHERINE M. GILBERT, MEREDITH H. GILBERT, IVEY B. GORDON, IZORIA S. GORDON, LOUIS N. GOSSELIN, GLADYS P. GREEN, CONSUELLA GREENWOOD, JOHN L. HAIRSTON, RUTH A. HAIRSTON, JAMES A. HAMMONS, SAMUEL L. HARMON, MARY J. HAUSER, ELMO F. HICKS, IDALIA O. HIGH, CARLEE F. HODGE, LUCY GREENE HUBBARD, HUGHES J. HUNT, KAY C. HURT, HAROLD D. ISENBERG, BEN M. ISENHOUR, MARY G. ISENHOUR, MARY P.H. JACKSON, LILLIAN K. JOHNSON, VIRGINIA P. JOHNSON, WALTER C. JOHNSON, JR., C. MYLES JONES, JOE E. JONES, JUNE R. JONES, ROBERT P. JONES, WALTER C. JOYCE, SR., ODELL M. KEARNEY, RUTH H. KESSLER, JOHN KIGER, VELMA D. KING, FRANCES S. KISER, JACOB KOOMEN, JR., DAVID T. LAMBERT, WALTON S. LATTA, TRUDIE J. LAWSON, CLARENCE T. LEINBACH, JR., WALTER G. LEMING, VIRGINIA P. LEWIS, YATES W. LOWE, JAMES A. LYERLY, HARRIETTE B. McCORMICK, L. JAMES McDANIEL, E. R. McKAY, HARRY B. McKEE, W. S. MCKINNEY, DORIS W. McLAMB, JOSEPH T. McMILLIAN, JAMES F. MALCOLM, EDWARD G. MANNING, JAMES H. MARCH, ELZA VAN MARION, MARY H. MARTIN, LESTER G. MASENCUP, HELEN S. MAST, JAMES B. MAST, JR., MELVILLE L. MAUNEY, ROBERT A. MAYER, VIRGINIA H. MICKEY, NONA S. MILLER, RUTH MINICK, GROVER F. MINOR, CHARLES B. MIRACLE, JACK K. MOORE, LOLA T. MORETZ, LEO G. MORGAN, WILLIAM F. MORGAN, BRADY W. MULLINAX, SR., JOHN I. NICHOLS, LUCINDA L. NOWLIN, DONALD S. OVERCASH, DWIGHT W. PADGETT, CALVIN C. PEARCE, WILLIAM W. PEEK, GEORGE W. PEELER, MICHAEL PELECH, JUANITA B. PENN, DIANE S. PEOPLES, CHARLES B. PIERCE, EVELYN D. PIERCE, SYLVIA S. PINYAN, MILDRED R. POINDEXTER, WINNIE D. POTTS, LEVI GLEN POWELL, THOMAS C. PRATT, CHARLES W. RANKIN, RALPH L. RAY, PATSY M. REYNOLDS, MATTIE B. RICHARD, ELNA C. ROSE, FRANCES T. SACRINTY, EDNA G. SCALES, MELVIN J. SCALES, VALDA E. SCHMITT, WORTH G. SEATS, CHARLES SELLE, NELSON L. SHEAROUSE, CONRAD H. SHELTON, MARY L. SHELTON, ELIZABETH H. SHERMER, BLANCHE S. SHIPP, RALPH N. SHUE, FRANCIS C. SIMMONS, JOE L. SIMMONS, HAROLD E. SIMPSON, RICHARD H. SIMPSON, REUBEN E. SLADE, GARNET N. SMART, LENORA S. SMITH, LONNIE H. SMITH, MATTIE S. SMITH, PAUL M. SMITH, FRANCES J. SNOW, EULALIA T. SOLOMON, G. VANCE SOLOMON, LUCILE J. SPEAS, DAVID W. SPIVEY, CHARLES A. SPEED, CAROLINE G. SPENCER, THOMAS S. THOMPSON, ELLA BELLE TILLMAN, DORIS E. TUCKER, JUSTUS M. TUCKER, RUTH L. TUCKER, MARGARET M. TUGMAN, FRANK L. UPRIGHT, WALTER P. UPRIGHT, ELIZABETH W. WACKERHAGEN, MARTHA M. WALKER, NORMAN W. WALKER, RALPH B. WALKER, ELIZABETH G. WALLS, JEAN A. WATSON, SAMUEL S. WHEELER, CORA M. WHITEHEAD, DANIEL W. WILLIAMS, ELIZA S. WILLIAMS, HARRY LEE WILLIAMS, ELIZABETH L. WILSON, MARIAN B. WILSON, WILBUR G. WILSON, HOYT A. WISEMAN, VIRGINIA A. WISEMAN, ERNEST B. WOOD, SR., HOWARD L. WOOTERS, THOMAS S. WORSHAM, JACK D. ZIMMERMAN, and KENNETH A. GRIFFIN, individually for the benefit and on behalf of all others similarly Situated, Petitioners-Plaintiffs v. STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, HELEN A. POWERS Individually, BETSY JUSTUS in her capacity as SECRETARY OF THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF STATE TREASURER, HARLAN E. BOYLES, individually and in his capacity as TREASURER OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, THE NORTH CAROLINA FIREMEN'S AND RESCUE WORKER'S PENSION FUND, LEGISLATIVE RETIREMENT SYSTEM, NATIONAL GUARD RETIREMENT SYSTEM, RETIREMENT SYSTEMS FOR COUNTIES, CITIES, AND TOWNS, RETIREMENT SYSTEM FOR TEACHERS AND STATE EMPLOYEES, SUPPLEMENTAL RETIREMENT INCOME ACT OF 1984, SEPARATE INSURANCE BENEFIT PLANS FOR STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS, SHERIFF'S SUPPLEMENTAL PENSION FUND OF 1985, ANNUITIES FOR STATE EMPLOYEES, REGISTER OF DEEDS SUPPLEMENTAL PENSION FUND, UNIFORM CONSOLIDATED JUDICIAL RETIREMENT SYSTEM, and PUBLIC EMPLOYEES BENEFITS SERVICES OF NORTH CAROLINA, FIREMAN'S SUPPLEMENTAL FUND (HICKORY), CHARLOTTE FIREFIGHTERS' RETIREMENT SYSTEM, OPTIONAL RETIREMENT PROGRAM FOR STATE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, Respondents-Defendants", "name_abbreviation": "Bailey v. State", "decision_date": "1991-12-06", "docket_number": "No. 105PA91", "first_page": "227", "last_page": "249", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 227" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "10 ALR4th 655", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 4th", "weight": 2, "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "488 U.S. 818", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1493440, 1494177, 1493570, 1494595, 1495174, 1493161, 1494540, 1494092, 1495184, 1495345, 1494453, 1493465, 1494682 ], "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/488/0818-07", "/us/488/0818-03", "/us/488/0818-10", "/us/488/0818-13", "/us/488/0818-08", "/us/488/0818-01", "/us/488/0818-02", "/us/488/0818-04", "/us/488/0818-05", "/us/488/0818-09", "/us/488/0818-06", "/us/488/0818-12", "/us/488/0818-11" ] }, { "cite": "151 So.2d 430", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "So. 2d", "case_ids": [ 9857479 ], "year": 1963, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/so2d/151/0430-01" ] }, { "cite": "142 So.2d 349", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "So. 2d", "case_ids": [ 9862080 ], "year": 1962, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "353" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/so2d/142/0349-01" ] }, { "cite": "372 S.E.2d 559", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "323 N.C. 362", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2562515 ], "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/323/0362-01" ] }, { "cite": "363 S.E.2d 90", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "94" }, { "page": "94" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "88 N.C. App. 218", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8358019 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "224" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/88/0218-01" ] }, { "cite": "389 S.E.2d 814", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "326 N.C. 364", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 5305378, 5309603, 5307269, 5305195, 5307151 ], "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/326/0364-04", "/nc/326/0364-03", "/nc/326/0364-05", "/nc/326/0364-02", "/nc/326/0364-01" ] }, { "cite": "385 S.E.2d 343", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "345" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "96 N.C. App. 186", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8520878 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "190" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/96/0186-01" ] }, { "cite": "76 A.L.R.3d 1244", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 3d", "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "10 A.L.R.4th 655", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 4th", "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "120 Cal. Rptr. 609", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. Rptr.", "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "when statute does not require specific identification of each claimant in advance of complaint, \"claimant\" should be equated with class itself" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "47 Cal. App. 3d 244", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4440726 ], "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "when statute does not require specific identification of each claimant in advance of complaint, \"claimant\" should be equated with class itself" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/cal-app-3d/47/0244-01" ] }, { "cite": "163 Ariz. 423", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ariz.", "case_ids": [ 1537944 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "when identities and locations of class members discoverable, so as to allow county to investigate claim and assess liability,. class claim permissible" }, { "parenthetical": "when identities and locations of class members discoverable, so as to allow county to investigate claim and assess liability,. class claim permissible" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ariz/163/0423-01" ] }, { "cite": "142 Cal. Rptr. 130", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. Rptr.", "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "no jurisdiction to maintain class action when claim for refund made by class representatives only in their own behalf, yet complaint filed on behalf of putative class" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "75 Cal. App. 3d 377", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2038440 ], "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "no jurisdiction to maintain class action when claim for refund made by class representatives only in their own behalf, yet complaint filed on behalf of putative class" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/cal-app-3d/75/0377-01" ] }, { "cite": "525 P.2d 701", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "year": 1974, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "115 Cal. Rptr. 797", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. Rptr.", "year": 1974, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "12 Cal. 3d 447", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2315549 ], "year": 1974, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/cal-3d/12/0447-01" ] }, { "cite": "570 F.2d 221", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 918066 ], "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "class claim under FTCA did not adequately present the claims of unnamed class members because not all claimants identifiable, no authority asserted by non-named plaintiffs to be represented by claim of those named, and no sum certain stated with respect to class claim" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/570/0221-01" ] }, { "cite": "709 S.W.2d 306", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 9969694 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "class certification of taxpayers who had paid tax penalty properly denied where fact findings as to voluntariness of payment would be required, but properly granted to taxpayers against whom penalties had been assessed but not paid" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/sw2d/709/0306-01" ] }, { "cite": "420 N.Y.S.2d 687", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.2d", "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "class action precluded by statutory notice of claim requirements because claims did not occur contemporaneously and timeliness of notice of claims must be dealt with on case-by-case basis" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "101 Misc. 2d 68", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Misc. 2d", "case_ids": [ 1935539 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "class action precluded by statutory notice of claim requirements because claims did not occur contemporaneously and timeliness of notice of claims must be dealt with on case-by-case basis" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/misc2d/101/0068-01" ] }, { "cite": "479 N.Y.S.2d 517", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.2d", "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "468 N.E.2d 699", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "62 N.Y.2d 995", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.2d", "case_ids": [ 2348191 ], "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ny-2d/62/0995-01" ] }, { "cite": "478 N.Y.S.2d 1023", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.2d", "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "467 N.E.2d 532", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "62 N.Y.2d 604", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.2d", "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "478 N.Y.S.2d 865", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.2d", "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "467 N.E.2d 529", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "62 N.Y.2d 882", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.2d", "case_ids": [ 2347986 ], "year": 1984, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ny-2d/62/0882-01" ] }, { "cite": "475 N.Y.S. 429", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.", "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "tax refund claim is personal to the taxpayer; only those who have filed an appropriate protest may obtain a tax refund" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "101 A.D.2d 188", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "A.D.2d", "case_ids": [ 3372050 ], "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "tax refund claim is personal to the taxpayer; only those who have filed an appropriate protest may obtain a tax refund" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ad2d/101/0188-01" ] }, { "cite": "555 N.Y.S.2d 543", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "commencement of action purportedly on behalf of all similarly situated taxpayers does not constitute appropriate indication of protest by each proposed member of class" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "148 Misc. 2d 459", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Misc. 2d", "case_ids": [ 436860 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "commencement of action purportedly on behalf of all similarly situated taxpayers does not constitute appropriate indication of protest by each proposed member of class" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/misc2d/148/0459-01" ] }, { "cite": "102 L. Ed. 2d 36", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "516 N.E.2d 137", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "where attempt is made to obtain refunds of substantial amounts of money on behalf of numerous unidentified taxpayers, the procedures of the administrative process should not be bypassed" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "401 Mass. 244", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mass.", "case_ids": [ 3877876 ], "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "where attempt is made to obtain refunds of substantial amounts of money on behalf of numerous unidentified taxpayers, the procedures of the administrative process should not be bypassed" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/mass/401/0244-01" ] }, { "cite": "683 P.2d 783", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "case_ids": [ 10425500 ], "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "property tax assessment statute contemplates individualized treatment of claims rather than examination of general protest of class of plaintiffs; court therefore lacked jurisdiction to grant tax relief" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/p2d/683/0783-01" ] }, { "cite": "108 Cal. Rptr. 392", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. Rptr.", "year": 1973, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "if in inverse condemnation, tort, or breach of contract suits against state class claim is permitted in order to defeat time requirements for presentation of claims, such requirements would be meaningless" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "32 Cal. App. 3d 688", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4448324 ], "year": 1973, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "if in inverse condemnation, tort, or breach of contract suits against state class claim is permitted in order to defeat time requirements for presentation of claims, such requirements would be meaningless" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/cal-app-3d/32/0688-01" ] }, { "cite": "139 Ariz. 321", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ariz.", "case_ids": [ 720088 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "legislature did not intend for class claim to satisfy statutory notice requirement, which must be satisfied by each individual or entity having contract or negligence claim against state" }, { "parenthetical": "legislature did not intend for class claim to satisfy statutory notice requirement, which must be satisfied by each individual or entity having contract or negligence claim against state" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ariz/139/0321-01" ] }, { "cite": "52 F.2d 256", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1817818 ], "year": 1931, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "261", "parenthetical": "remedy of individual actions at law under the Revenue Act of North Carolina (Pub. L. 1931, ch. 427) for recovery of taxes paid under protest inadequate compared with class action under that act, which \"eliminates so much useless and cumbersome litigation\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/52/0256-01" ] }, { "cite": "354 S.E.2d 459", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "467" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "319 N.C. 274", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4748509 ], "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "285" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/319/0274-01" ] }, { "cite": "876 F.2d 1385", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 10540185 ], "year": 1989, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1389" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/876/1385-01" ] }, { "cite": "411 U.S. 192", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 9974 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1973, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "208" }, { "page": "165" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/411/0192-01" ] }, { "cite": "487 U.S. 1", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1775005 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "17" }, { "page": "19" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/487/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "937 F.2d 965", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 10527955 ], "weight": 7, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "966" }, { "page": "969" }, { "page": "968" }, { "page": "969" }, { "page": "968" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/937/0965-01" ] }, { "cite": "821 F.2d 361", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1699856 ], "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "365", "parenthetical": "to be \"clearly established,\" the right allegedly violated \"must be clearly recognized in existing case law.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/821/0361-01" ] }, { "cite": "483 U.S. 635", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 28199 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "640", "parenthetical": "unlawfulness must be apparent in the light of pre-existing law" }, { "page": "531", "parenthetical": "unlawfulness must be apparent in the light of pre-existing law" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/483/0635-01" ] }, { "cite": "795 F.2d 1296", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1596159 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1301" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/795/1296-01" ] }, { "cite": "457 U.S. 800", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6194865 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "818" }, { "page": "410" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/457/0800-01" ] }, { "cite": "42 U.S.C. \u00a7 1983", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "U.S.C.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "168 S.E.2d 401", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1969, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "406", "parenthetical": "\"A taxpayer, as such, may challenge, by suit for injunction, the constitutionality of a tax levied, or proposed to be levied, upon him for an illegal or unauthorized purpose.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "275 N.C. 439", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8558876 ], "year": 1969, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "447", "parenthetical": "\"A taxpayer, as such, may challenge, by suit for injunction, the constitutionality of a tax levied, or proposed to be levied, upon him for an illegal or unauthorized purpose.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/275/0439-01" ] }, { "cite": "188 S.E. 314", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "year": 1936, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "315", "parenthetical": "unless otherwise provided by statute, injunction at the instance of a taxpayer is regarded as an appropriate remedy to resist the levy of an invalid assessment or to restrain the collection of an illegal tax" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "210 N.C. 717", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8628712 ], "year": 1936, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "719", "parenthetical": "unless otherwise provided by statute, injunction at the instance of a taxpayer is regarded as an appropriate remedy to resist the levy of an invalid assessment or to restrain the collection of an illegal tax" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/210/0717-01" ] }, { "cite": "122 S.E.2d 404", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1961, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "407", "parenthetical": "injunction available to taxpayer when tax is challenged because illegal, invalid, or levied or assessed for unauthorized purpose" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "255 N.C. 594", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8571670 ], "year": 1961, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "599", "parenthetical": "injunction available to taxpayer when tax is challenged because illegal, invalid, or levied or assessed for unauthorized purpose" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/255/0594-01" ] }, { "cite": "76 N.C. 420", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8697620 ], "year": 1877, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "424" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/76/0420-01" ] }, { "cite": "147 S.E.2d 522", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1966, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "526", "parenthetical": "requiring the taxpayer to pay the amount of the disputed tax and sue the State for its recovery, a method available to taxpayers since 1887, is the appropriate procedure for a taxpayer who seeks to test the constitutionality of a statute" }, { "page": "526", "parenthetical": "\"The law does not contemplate that administrative boards shall pass upon constitutional questions.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "267 N.C. 15", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8558205 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1966, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "20", "parenthetical": "requiring the taxpayer to pay the amount of the disputed tax and sue the State for its recovery, a method available to taxpayers since 1887, is the appropriate procedure for a taxpayer who seeks to test the constitutionality of a statute" }, { "page": "20" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/267/0015-01" ] }, { "cite": "226 S.E.2d 336", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "339" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "290 N.C. 450", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561684 ], "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "455" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/290/0450-01" ] }, { "cite": "165 N.Y.S.2d 517", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.2d", "year": 1957, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "521" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "144 N.E.2d 400", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1957, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "404" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "3 N.Y.2d 418", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.2d", "case_ids": [ 2245708 ], "year": 1957, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "426" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ny-2d/3/0418-01" ] }, { "cite": "529 N.Y.S.2d 517", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.2d", "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "519", "parenthetical": "quoting Mercury Mach. Importing Corp. v. City of New York, 3 N.Y.2d 418, 426, 144 N.E.2d 400, 404, 165 N.Y.S.2d 517, 521 (1957)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "141 A.D.2d 596", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "A.D.2d", "case_ids": [ 3560096 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "598", "parenthetical": "quoting Mercury Mach. Importing Corp. v. City of New York, 3 N.Y.2d 418, 426, 144 N.E.2d 400, 404, 165 N.Y.S.2d 517, 521 (1957)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ad2d/141/0596-01" ] }, { "cite": "273 S.E.2d 300", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "402" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "301 N.C. 107", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8564256, 8564233, 8564290, 8564187 ], "year": 1980, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/301/0107-03", "/nc/301/0107-02", "/nc/301/0107-04", "/nc/301/0107-01" ] }, { "cite": "269 S.E.2d 547", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "563" }, { "page": "563" }, { "page": "563" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "300 N.C. 381", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8562647 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "403" }, { "page": "403" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/300/0381-01" ] }, { "cite": "245 S.E.2d 830", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "831" }, { "page": "831" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "37 N.C. App. 280", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8552344 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "281" }, { "page": "282" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/37/0280-01" ] }, { "cite": "407 S.E.2d 835", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "329 N.C. 268", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2555208, 2555276, 2553460, 2555999, 2555647 ], "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/329/0268-05", "/nc/329/0268-04", "/nc/329/0268-01", "/nc/329/0268-02", "/nc/329/0268-03" ] }, { "cite": "398 S.E.2d 52", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "54" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "100 N.C. App. 746", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8527600 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "749" }, { "page": "748" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/100/0746-01" ] }, { "cite": "164 S.E.2d 476", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1968, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "479" }, { "page": "478-79", "parenthetical": "collection of illegal or invalid tax - as distinguished from an erroneous tax- may be enjoined" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "274 N.C. 585", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561116 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1968, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "589" }, { "page": "588-89", "parenthetical": "collection of illegal or invalid tax - as distinguished from an erroneous tax- may be enjoined" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/274/0585-01" ] }, { "cite": "238 S.E.2d 780", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "783" }, { "page": "783" }, { "page": "783" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "293 N.C. 565", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8565562 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "568" }, { "page": "569" }, { "page": "568" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/293/0565-01" ] }, { "cite": "141 S.E. 733", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "year": 1928, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "735" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "195 N.C. 291", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8628835 ], "year": 1928, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "296" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/195/0291-01" ] }, { "cite": "100 S.E.2d 506", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1957, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "508" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "247 N.C. 236", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8626364, 8626390 ], "year": 1957, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "239" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/247/0236-01", "/nc/247/0236-02" ] }, { "cite": "108 S.E.2d 209", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1959, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "211" }, { "page": "211" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "250 N.C. 213", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8621438 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1959, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "216" }, { "page": "216" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/250/0213-01" ] }, { "cite": "222 S.E.2d 412", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "when State enters into valid contract, it implicitly consents to be sued for its breach thereof" }, { "page": "430" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "289 N.C. 303", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8569569 ], "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "when State enters into valid contract, it implicitly consents to be sued for its breach thereof" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/289/0303-01" ] }, { "cite": "118 S.E.2d 792", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1961, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "795" }, { "page": "792", "parenthetical": "Declaratory Judgment Act has not been permitted to supplant or substitute for the specific statutory proceeding for testing the constitutionality of a tax statute" }, { "page": "796" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "254 N.C. 168", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8624863 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1961, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "173" }, { "page": "173-74" }, { "page": "173" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/254/0168-01" ] }, { "cite": "8 S.E.2d 619", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1940, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "621" }, { "page": "622" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { 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"reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "329 N.C. 576", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2554165 ], "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/329/0576-01" ] }, { "cite": "90 S.E. 694", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "year": 1916, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "taxpayers not required to follow statutory procedures for requesting tax refund before bringing suit" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "172 N.C. 582", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11254777 ], "year": 1916, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "taxpayers not required to follow statutory procedures for requesting tax refund before bringing suit" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/172/0582-01" ] }, { "cite": "129 S.E. 614", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "year": 1925, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "taxpayer not required to exhaust condition 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App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 4440726 ], "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "terms in a tax statute similar to N.C.G.S. \u00a7 105-267 held to include a class" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/cal-app-3d/47/0244-01" ] }, { "cite": "52 F.2d 256", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1817818 ], "year": 1931, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "260", "parenthetical": "administrative procedures provided by the statute held inadequate in case brought by over 400 individuals to enjoin enforcement of a license tax on the trucks of fruit and vegetable growers" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/52/0256-01" ] }, { "cite": "165 N.Y.S.2d 517", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.2d", "year": 1957, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "521" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "144 N.E.2d 400", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1957, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "404" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "3 N.Y.2d 418", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.2d", "case_ids": [ 2245708 ], "year": 1957, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "426" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ny-2d/3/0418-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 2153, "char_count": 57241, "ocr_confidence": 0.754, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.9068703330362325e-07, "percentile": 0.9019823163435398 }, "sha256": "6ff1e2b2d6078aeab73a5e85569ec64a994c0c21aa5f09e6f7b4bec301d41889", "simhash": "1:2825814077354196", "word_count": 9226 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:55:04.423674+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "file_name": "0227-01", "first_page_order": 255, "last_page_order": 277 }, { "id": 2511929, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. CLAUDE DAVID TURNER, JR.", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Turner", "decision_date": "1991-12-06", "docket_number": "No. 587A88", "first_page": "249", "last_page": "273", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 249" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "1 ALR3d 1461", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 3d", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "31 ALR4th 229", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 4th", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "434 U.S. 894", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6405124, 6405222, 6406317, 6405325, 6405935, 6405421, 6405041, 6405555, 6404951, 6405786, 6405661, 6406111 ], "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/434/0894-03", "/us/434/0894-04", "/us/434/0894-12", "/us/434/0894-05", "/us/434/0894-10", "/us/434/0894-06", "/us/434/0894-02", "/us/434/0894-07", "/us/434/0894-01", "/us/434/0894-09", "/us/434/0894-08", "/us/434/0894-11" ] }, { "cite": "326 N.C. 267", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 5306669, 5305653, 5309861 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "defendant has burden of showing prior guilty pleas invalid as involuntary or unknowing" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/326/0267-03", "/nc/326/0267-02", "/nc/326/0267-01" ] }, { "cite": "406 S.E.2d 876", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "904", "parenthetical": "new sentencing proceeding required where jury unanimously found all four submitted mitigating circumstances, but rejected \"catchall\" circumstance" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "329 N.C. 278", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2554614 ], "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "327", "parenthetical": "new sentencing proceeding required where jury unanimously found all four submitted mitigating circumstances, but rejected \"catchall\" circumstance" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/329/0278-01" ] }, { "cite": "346 S.E.2d 596", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "624", "parenthetical": "no prejudicial error to refuse to submit the defendant's age as a mitigating circumstance in light of two witnesses' conclusory statements that the defendant was emotionally immature and other evidence of his apparently normal physical and intellectual development" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "317 N.C. 343", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4772976 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "393", "parenthetical": "no prejudicial error to refuse to submit the defendant's age as a mitigating circumstance in light of two witnesses' conclusory statements that the defendant was emotionally immature and other evidence of his apparently normal physical and intellectual development" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/317/0343-01" ] }, { "cite": "74 L. Ed. 2d 622", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "jury found this circumstance where the defendant was twenty-four at the time of the murder, and where he had maintained gainful employment since he was a teenager" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "459 U.S. 1056", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6487664, 6487779 ], "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "jury found this circumstance where the defendant was twenty-four at the time of the murder, and where he had maintained gainful employment since he was a teenager" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/459/1056-01", "/us/459/1056-02" ] }, { "cite": "292 S.E.2d 243", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "249", "parenthetical": "jury found this circumstance where the defendant was twenty-four at the time of the murder, and where he had maintained gainful employment since he was a teenager" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "305 N.C. 656", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8573030 ], "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "663", "parenthetical": "jury found this circumstance where the defendant was twenty-four at the time of the murder, and where he had maintained gainful employment since he was a teenager" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/305/0656-01" ] }, { "cite": "261 Ark. 413", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1678979 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "421" }, { "page": "483" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/261/0413-01" ] }, { "cite": "307 S.E.2d 304", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "333", "parenthetical": "quoting with express approval Giles v. State, 261 Ark. 413, 421, 549 S.W.2d 479, 483, cert. denied, 434 U.S. 894 (1977)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "309 N.C. 326", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4760257 ], "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "372", "parenthetical": "quoting with express approval Giles v. State, 261 Ark. 413, 421, 549 S.W.2d 479, 483, cert. denied, 434 U.S. 894 (1977)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/309/0326-01" ] }, { "cite": "364 S.E.2d 373", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "321 N.C. 570", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2569559 ], "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/321/0570-01" ] }, { "cite": "90 L. Ed. 2d 733", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. 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Ed. 2d 459", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "conviction for voluntary manslaughter" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "395 S.E.2d 106", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "327 N.C. 388", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2493650 ], "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/327/0388-01" ] }, { "cite": "407 S.E.2d 218", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "222" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "329 N.C. 662", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2554214 ], "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "668" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/329/0662-01" ] }, { "cite": "108 L. Ed. 2d 601", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. 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remove any ambiguity created by an instruction charging crimes in the disjunctive" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "317 N.C. 545", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4774041 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "553" }, { "page": "554" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/317/0545-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1175, "char_count": 38251, "ocr_confidence": 0.77, "pagerank": { "raw": 5.537640868172376e-07, "percentile": 0.9468496039730502 }, "sha256": "8f3a982d4844c7a51c3de94d29e583f03c5ffc9179e05e27e91ecccd508ebcb9", "simhash": "1:d3c1c16242268050", "word_count": 6372 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:55:04.423674+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "file_name": "0298-01", "first_page_order": 326, "last_page_order": 342 }, { "id": 2509560, "name": "J. REX DAVIS v. THE DENNIS LILLY COMPANY (formerly BROWER COMPANY), HAROLD F. BROWER and HORACE A. BROWER", "name_abbreviation": "Davis v. Dennis Lilly Co.", "decision_date": "1991-12-06", "docket_number": "No. 119A91", "first_page": "314", "last_page": "331", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 314" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "400 S.E.2d 779", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1991, "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "101 N.C. App. 574", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "year": 1991, "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "17 N.C. (2 Dev. 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SMITH, PERCY H. SMITH, JOSEPH L. SOMMER, RAY H. SPANGLER, JAMES A. SPRANKLE, WILEY L. STANDIFER, JR., JAMES W. STARBUCK, GERTRUDE D. STARLING, STACY J. STARLING, HENRY C. STEED, JR., ROY C. STEELEY, ARTHUR L. STEWART, BURLENA J. STEWART, JOHN R. STEWART, JR., GEORGE W. STILLWAY, RITA M. STILLWAY, HAROLD E. STONE, CLYDE DALTON STOWE, HARRY H. STRUNK, E.C. STUMPF, THOMAS A. SUMMEY, JR., ELLIS G. SUMNER, LEO B. and MILDRED Y. SUMNER, MARGARET K. SWINK, JAMES E. SYKES, OLIVER B. TALBERT, JAMES D. TERRELL, CLYDE E. and EMOGENE M. THOMPSON, FRED L. TRACY, ROCCO H. TROMBELLO, JOHN G. TRUITT, JR., WILLIAM H. TURK, JAMES T. VANCE, FRANCES A. VANDEN, GEORGE W. VANDEN, ETHEL D. VANHORN, EDWARD J. VAUGHN, EDWARD VENKLER, ROY L. VICK, SR., KERMIT J. VINSON, MYRTLE H. VINSON, WILLIAM E. WADE, FLOYD H. WALDROP, WANDA E. WALLACE, ROLAND J. WEBER, GRACE F. WEINER, LONA C. WEISNER, LAWRENCE O. WELCH, PAUL B. WELCH, JR., GEORGE L. WESTERLIND, WILLIAM B. WHITE, T.M. WHITTINGTON, JR., GEORGE W. WILKINS, ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, JR., WILLIAM C. WILLIAMS, WINTON H. WILLIAMS, HAROLD P. WILLIAMSON, EDNA MAE WILSON, ROBERT GRAVES WILSON, JR., ERNEST G. WINSTEAD, PETER S. WONDOLOWSKI, ROBERT V. WOOD, MAYNARD B. and EVELYN W. WOODBURY, JACK R. WORLEY, JOHN T. WORRELL, GEORGE T. WORRELL, GEORGE E. YALE, JR., and WILLIAM P. YARBOROUGH, individually for the benefit and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Class A Plaintiffs, CHARLES L. BERRY, ROBERT D. LENNON, ZEBULON V. MOSELEY, III, GARY W. O'NEAL, MILTON S. PRICE, MARTIN L. SPEICHER and PAUL H. TURNEY, individually and for the benefit and on behalf of all others similarly situated, Class B Plaintiffs v. THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, HELEN A. POWERS, Individually as Secretary of THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, THE NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE and HARLAN BOYLES, TREASURER OF THE STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, Defendants", "name_abbreviation": "Swanson v. State", "decision_date": "1991-12-06", "docket_number": "No. 64PA91", "first_page": "390", "last_page": "397", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 390" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "407 S.E.2d 791", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1991, "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "329 N.C. 576", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2554165 ], "year": 1991, "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/329/0576-01" ] }, { "cite": "256 S.E.2d 692", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "297 N.C. 636", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8573538 ], "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/297/0636-01" ] }, { "cite": "290 S.E.2d 634", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "305 N.C. 507", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8571218 ], "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/305/0507-01" ] }, { "cite": "84 L.Ed. 439", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. 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Rptr.", "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "803" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "542 P.2d 1390", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1395" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "15 Cal. 3d 729", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2272253 ], "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "736" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/cal-3d/15/0729-01" ] }, { "cite": "57 L. Ed. 2d 1123", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "trial court did not err by finding that defendant invoked his right to counsel by asking police whether he should have an attorney" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "436 U.S. 958", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1490475, 1490188, 1490316, 1490190, 1490235, 1490642, 1490227, 1490676, 1490228, 1490646, 1490619 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "trial court did not err by finding that defendant invoked his right to counsel by asking police whether he should have an attorney" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/436/0958-04", "/us/436/0958-05", "/us/436/0958-07", "/us/436/0958-10", "/us/436/0958-06", "/us/436/0958-11", "/us/436/0958-02", "/us/436/0958-01", "/us/436/0958-08", "/us/436/0958-09", "/us/436/0958-03" ] }, { "cite": "261 N.W.2d 63", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.W.2d", "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "64" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "79 Mich. App. 495", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mich. App.", "case_ids": [ 2162215 ], "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "498" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/mich-app/79/0495-01" ] }, { "cite": "119 Wis. 2d 206", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Wis. 2d", "case_ids": [ 8674944 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "217", "parenthetical": "\"It is apparent that, in the face of the direct question, 'Do you think I ought to have an attorney,' the Miranda rule should have triggered an immediate cessation of the conversation even had there not been previous requests for a lawyer.\"" }, { "page": "683", "parenthetical": "\"It is apparent that, in the face of the direct question, 'Do you think I ought to have an attorney,' the Miranda rule should have triggered an immediate cessation of the conversation even had there not been previous requests for a lawyer.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/wis-2d/119/0206-01" ] }, { "cite": "83 Cal. Rptr. 658", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. Rptr.", "weight": 2, "year": 1970, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "662", "parenthetical": "\"To strictly limit the manner in which a suspect may assert the privilege, or to demand that it be invoked with unmistakable clarity (resolving any ambiguity against the defendant) would subvert Miranda's prophylactic intent.\"" }, { "page": "662" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "464 P.2d 114", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1970, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "118", "parenthetical": "\"To strictly limit the manner in which a suspect may assert the privilege, or to demand that it be invoked with unmistakable clarity (resolving any ambiguity against the defendant) would subvert Miranda's prophylactic intent.\"" }, { "page": "118" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "1 Cal. 3d 948", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. 3d", "case_ids": [ 1183292 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1970, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "955", "parenthetical": "\"To strictly limit the manner in which a suspect may assert the privilege, or to demand that it be invoked with unmistakable clarity (resolving any ambiguity against the defendant) would subvert Miranda's prophylactic intent.\"" }, { "page": "955" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/cal-3d/1/0948-01" ] }, { "cite": "660 P.2d 505", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "case_ids": [ 10429746 ], "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "509", "parenthetical": "\"A request for counsel need not be sophisticated or in a legally proper form.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/p2d/660/0505-01" ] }, { "cite": "475 U.S. 625", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6206467 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "633" }, { "page": "640" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/475/0625-01" ] }, { "cite": "479 U.S. 523", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6219506 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "529" }, { "page": "928" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/479/0523-01" ] }, { "cite": "122 Wis. 2d 320", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Wis. 2d", "case_ids": [ 8675052 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "329", "parenthetical": "suspect, taken into custody at his home, invoked his right to have counsel present during his impending interrogation, although request for counsel came prior to Miranda warnings and onset of questioning" }, { "page": "233", "parenthetical": "suspect, taken into custody at his home, invoked his right to have counsel present during his impending interrogation, although request for counsel came prior to Miranda warnings and onset of questioning" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/wis-2d/122/0320-01" ] }, { "cite": "429 U.S. 492", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 7010 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "494-95" }, { "page": "719" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/429/0492-01" ] }, { "cite": "468 U.S. 420", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11338811 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "442" }, { "page": "336" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/468/0420-01" ] }, { "cite": "343 S.E.2d, 518", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "520" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "317 N.C. 100", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4779396 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "104" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/317/0100-01" ] }, { "cite": "290 S.E.2d 574", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "583", "parenthetical": "determination of whether a defendant is in custody for Miranda purposes \"requires an application of fixed rules of law and results in a conclusion of law and not a finding of fact.\"" }, { "page": "581" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "305 N.C. 400", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8570930 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "414-15", "parenthetical": "determination of whether a defendant is in custody for Miranda purposes \"requires an application of fixed rules of law and results in a conclusion of law and not a finding of fact.\"" }, { "page": "410" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/305/0400-01" ] }, { "cite": "486 U.S. 675", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6222614 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "687-88" }, { "page": "717" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/486/0675-01" ] }, { "cite": "494 U.S. 344", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 4952 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "350" }, { "page": "302" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/494/0344-01" ] }, { "cite": "112 L. Ed. 2d 489", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "case_ids": [ 6220774 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "494", "parenthetical": "\"To protect the privilege against self-incrimination guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment, we have held that the police must terminate interrogation of an accused in custody if the accused requests the assistance of counsel.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/498/0146-01" ] }, { "cite": "115 L. Ed. 2d 158", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "case_ids": [ 1108476 ], "weight": 8, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "167" }, { "page": "167" }, { "page": "168" }, { "page": "167-68" }, { "page": "167-68" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/501/0171-01" ] }, { "cite": "304 S.E.2d 134", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "145" }, { "page": "149" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "308 N.C. 549", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4705131 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "569" }, { "page": "576-77" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/308/0549-01" ] }, { "cite": "342 S.E.2d 811", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "820" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "316 N.C. 558", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4700785 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "573" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/316/0558-01" ] }, { "cite": "451 U.S. 477", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6187603 ], "weight": 8, "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "484-85" }, { "page": "386" }, { "page": "484" }, { "page": "386" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/451/0477-01" ] }, { "cite": "384 U.S. 436", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12046400 ], "weight": 10, "year": 1966, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "444-45" }, { "page": "707" }, { "page": "470" }, { "page": "721", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" }, { "page": "444-45" }, { "page": "707", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/384/0436-01" ] }, { "cite": "393 S.E.2d 535", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "Parker, J., concurring in result and Greene, J., dissenting" }, { "page": "540", "parenthetical": "emphasis added" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "99 N.C. App. 364", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8523128 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "Parker, J., concurring in result and Greene, J., dissenting" }, { "page": "372" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/99/0364-01" ] }, { "cite": "134 S.E.2d 619", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1964, "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "261 N.C. 322", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8573118 ], "year": 1964, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/261/0322-01" ] }, { "cite": "252 S.E.2d 707", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "710", "parenthetical": "citing State v. Guffey, 261 N.C. 322, 134 S.E.2d 619 (1964)" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "296 N.C. 711", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8570161 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "716", "parenthetical": "citing State v. Guffey, 261 N.C. 322, 134 S.E.2d 619 (1964)" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/296/0711-01" ] }, { "cite": "213 S.E.2d 247", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1975, "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "286 N.C. 709", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8570180 ], "year": 1975, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/286/0709-01" ] }, { "cite": "229 S.E.2d 152", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "291 N.C. 118", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8557385 ], "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/291/0118-01" ] }, { "cite": "212 S.E.2d 92", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "100", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "286 N.C. 442", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8568818 ], "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "454", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/286/0442-01" ] }, { "cite": "384 U.S. 737", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12047392 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/us/384/0737-01" ] }, { "cite": "223 S.E.2d 371", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "377" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "289 N.C. 522", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8570976 ], "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "531" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/289/0522-01" ] }, { "cite": "402 S.E.2d 813", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "328 N.C. 409", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2541401 ], "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/328/0409-01" ] }, { "cite": "83 N.C. 132", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 11277206 ], "year": 1880, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "138" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/83/0132-01" ] }, { "cite": "364 S.E.2d 416", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "321 N.C. 584", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2568324 ], "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/321/0584-01" ] }, { "cite": "463 U.S. 1032", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6203160 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/us/463/1032-01" ] }, { "cite": "112 L. Ed. 2d 489", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "case_ids": [ 6220774 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "498", "parenthetical": "\"[W]hen counsel is requested, interrogation must cease, and officials may not reinitiate interrogation without counsel present, whether or not the accused has consulted with his attorney.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/us/498/0146-01" ] }, { "cite": "451 U.S. 477", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6187603 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "484-485" }, { "page": "386" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/us/451/0477-01" ] }, { "cite": "384 U.S. 436", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12046400 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1966, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "444" }, { "page": "706-707" }, { "page": "444-445" }, { "page": "707" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/us/384/0436-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1573, "char_count": 44876, "ocr_confidence": 0.768, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.86550163974157e-07, "percentile": 0.9002287392044864 }, "sha256": "c6ecface9d227f024aabec777ad578d08ac1568f72f5f334a0278ddad093e9c6", "simhash": "1:6893f432605a08fe", "word_count": 7385 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:55:04.423674+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "file_name": "0517-01", "first_page_order": 545, "last_page_order": 564 }, { "id": 2512613, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. CALVIN ANTONIO BONNER and RONALD WAYNE WITHERSPOON", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Bonner", "decision_date": "1992-01-10", "docket_number": "No. 83A91; No. 85A91", "first_page": "536", "last_page": "547", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 536" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "187 N.C. 658", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8654722 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/187/0658-01" ] }, { "cite": "607 S.W.2d 153", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 9928546 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "\"proximate cause\" theory extended to case where accomplice is killed by opponent of the felony" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/sw2d/607/0153-01" ] }, { "cite": "367 So.2d 606", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "So. 2d", "case_ids": [ 9596467 ], "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "express language of state statute makes every participant in a felony guilty of second-degree felony murder when someone is killed \"by a person other than the person engaged in the . . . felony\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/so2d/367/0606-01" ] }, { "cite": "390 S.E.2d 129", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "326 N.C. 434", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 5306105 ], "year": 1990, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/326/0434-01" ] }, { "cite": "403 S.E.2d 495", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "500" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "328 N.C. 613", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2543691 ], "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "620" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/328/0613-01" ] }, { "cite": "378 U.S. 347", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6166404 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1964, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "355" }, { "page": "900" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/378/0347-01" ] }, { "cite": "430 U.S. 188", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12122537 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "191-92" }, { "page": "264-65" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/430/0188-01" ] }, { "cite": "105 U. Pa. L. Rev. 50", "category": "journals:journal", "reporter": "U. Pa. L. Rev.", "weight": 2, "year": 1956, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "50", "parenthetical": "expansion of the felony murder rule, as urged here, is \"socially unwise and ... based on reasoning not free from substantial analytic and historical errors\"" }, { "page": "67" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "284 S.E.2d 811", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "814-16", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when robbery victim shoots accomplice" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "222 Va. 758", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Va.", "case_ids": [ 2083605 ], "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "761-65", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when robbery victim shoots accomplice" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/va/222/0758-01" ] }, { "cite": "734 P.2d 421", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "case_ids": [ 10404587 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "427", "parenthetical": "felony murder statute limited to death of a person \"other than a party\"; no felony murder when accomplice killed by opponent of felony" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/p2d/734/0421-01" ] }, { "cite": "759 S.W.2d 935", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 9991148 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "938", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when larceny victim kills accomplice" }, { "page": "938" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/sw2d/759/0935-01" ] }, { "cite": "137 A.2d 472", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1958, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "482-83", "parenthetical": "overruling prior case law, adopts agency theory to deny felony murder liability when victim kills accomplice" }, { "page": "483" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "391 Pa. 486", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Pa.", "case_ids": [ 1276839 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1958, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "508-09", "parenthetical": "overruling prior case law, adopts agency theory to deny felony murder liability when victim kills accomplice" }, { "page": "509" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/pa/391/0486-01" ] }, { "cite": "261 A.2d 550", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1970, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "555-60", "parenthetical": "overruling prior case law, adopts agency theory to deny felony murder liability when police officer kills another police officer during attempt to arrest robbers" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "438 Pa. 218", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Pa.", "case_ids": [ 1929276 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1970, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "223-37", "parenthetical": "overruling prior case law, adopts agency theory to deny felony murder liability when police officer kills another police officer during attempt to arrest robbers" }, { "page": "227" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/pa/438/0218-01" ] }, { "cite": "167 N.E.2d 736", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1960, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "737-39", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when robbery victim shoots accomplice" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "8 N.Y.2d 48", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.2d", "case_ids": [ 2256612 ], "year": 1960, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "54", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when robbery victim shoots accomplice" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ny-2d/8/0048-01" ] }, { "cite": "374 A.2d 20", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "weight": 5, "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "30", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when robbery victim kills accomplice" }, { "page": "21", "parenthetical": "citations omitted" }, { "page": "23", "parenthetical": "emphasis in original, footnote and citations omitted" }, { "page": "30" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "73 N.J. 206", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.J.", "case_ids": [ 1944457 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "226", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when robbery victim kills accomplice" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nj/73/0206-01" ] }, { "cite": "89 Nev. 78", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Nev.", "case_ids": [ 4871922 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1973, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "82", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when victim of attempted murder kills accomplice; \"[t]he killing in such an instance is done, not in the perpetration of, or an attempt to perpetrate, a crime, but rather in an attempt to thwart the felony\"" }, { "page": "768", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when victim of attempted murder kills accomplice; \"[t]he killing in such an instance is done, not in the perpetration of, or an attempt to perpetrate, a crime, but rather in an attempt to thwart the felony\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nev/89/0078-01" ] }, { "cite": "120 N.W.2d 766", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.W.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1963, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "775", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when accomplice killed by robbery victim" }, { "page": "771-72", "parenthetical": "following Redline" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "370 Mich. 12", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mich.", "case_ids": [ 1874397 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1963, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "32-33", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when accomplice killed by robbery victim" }, { "page": "25" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/mich/370/0012-01" ] }, { "cite": "209 N.E.2d 308", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1965, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "314", "parenthetical": "felon cannot be held liable for death of any person killed by someone resisting commission of the felony" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "349 Mass. 505", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mass.", "case_ids": [ 524517 ], "year": 1965, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "515", "parenthetical": "felon cannot be held liable for death of any person killed by someone resisting commission of the felony" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/mass/349/0505-01" ] }, { "cite": "115 So.2d 855", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "So. 2d", "case_ids": [ 3188452 ], "year": 1959, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "864", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when bar patron accidentally kills bystander while defending bartender against felonious assault" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/la/238/0563-01" ] }, { "cite": "238 La. 563", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "La.", "case_ids": [ 9905898, 3188452 ], "year": 1959, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "586-87", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when bar patron accidentally kills bystander while defending bartender against felonious assault" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/so2d/115/0855-01", "/la/238/0563-01" ] }, { "cite": "287 N.E.2d 41", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1972, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "43", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when accomplice killed by felony victim" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "6 Ill. App.3d 1062", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2469682 ], "year": 1972, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1064-65", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when accomplice killed by felony victim" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/6/1062-01" ] }, { "cite": "274 N.E.2d 898", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "901" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "1 Ill. App.3d 566", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 5313033 ], "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "570" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/1/0566-01" ] }, { "cite": "279 S.E.2d 695", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "696", "parenthetical": "no felony murder under statute when accomplice is killed by burglarized homeowner" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "247 Ga. 779", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ga.", "case_ids": [ 1182728 ], "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "780", "parenthetical": "no felony murder under statute when accomplice is killed by burglarized homeowner" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ga/247/0779-01" ] }, { "cite": "420 A.2d 159", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "case_ids": [ 7945858 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "162-63", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability under statute when accomplice is killed by robbery victim" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/a2d/420/0159-01" ] }, { "cite": "186 Colo. 37", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Colo.", "case_ids": [ 4589378 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1974, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability under statute where robbery victim is mistakenly killed by police officer" }, { "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability under statute where robbery victim is mistakenly killed by police officer" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/colo/186/0037-01" ] }, { "cite": "402 P.2d 130", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "year": 1965, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "133-34", "parenthetical": "Traynor, C.J." } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "62 Cal.2d 777", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. 2d", "case_ids": [ 2334044 ], "year": 1965, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "781-82", "parenthetical": "Traynor, C.J." } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/cal-2d/62/0777-01" ] }, { "cite": "696 P.2d 111", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "38 Cal.3d 301", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. 3d", "case_ids": [ 1977065 ], "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/cal-3d/38/0301-01" ] }, { "cite": "539 P.2d 43", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "48" }, { "page": "50" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "15 Cal.3d 79", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal. 3d", "case_ids": [ 2272232 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1975, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "87" }, { "page": "91" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/cal-3d/15/0079-01" ] }, { "cite": "68 S.W.2d 100", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "year": 1934, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "101-02", "parenthetical": "adopting agency theory, but holding it does not apply where felon uses victim as a \"shield\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "188 Ark. 846", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ark.", "case_ids": [ 1428302 ], "year": 1934, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "850-52", "parenthetical": "adopting agency theory, but holding it does not apply where felon uses victim as a \"shield\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/188/0846-01" ] }, { "cite": "56 A.L.R.3d 239", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 3d", "year": 1974, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "89 Mass. (7 Allen) 544", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mass.", "year": 1863, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "88 S.W. 1085", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.", "weight": 4, "year": 1905, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1086" }, { "page": "1086" }, { "page": "1086-87", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when robbery victim kills bystander while opposing robbery; contrary result \"would be carrying the rule of criminal responsibility for the acts of others beyond all reason\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "121 Ky. 97", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ky.", "case_ids": [ 1322971 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1905, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "100-02", "parenthetical": "no felony murder liability when robbery victim kills bystander while opposing robbery; contrary result \"would be carrying the rule of criminal responsibility for the acts of others beyond all reason\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ky/121/0097-01" ] }, { "cite": "18 N.E. 338", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.", "weight": 3, "year": 1888, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "339" }, { "page": "340" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "125 Ill. 641", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 2938927 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1888, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "645" }, { "page": "646" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill/125/0641-01" ] }, { "cite": "122 S.E. 568", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.", "weight": 6, "year": 1924, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "661" }, { "page": "570" }, { "page": "570" }, { "page": "570" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "187 N.C. 658", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8654722 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "662" }, { "page": "662" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/187/0658-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1196, "char_count": 25821, "ocr_confidence": 0.767, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.7940351012860348e-07, "percentile": 0.7154166130921147 }, "sha256": "60ccfe65dc8e1d37e4a11e05ec0fde111581cb32f805a469049c13c01434c4c7", "simhash": "1:d5eb33dbf747d538", "word_count": 4254 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:55:04.423674+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "file_name": "0536-01", "first_page_order": 564, "last_page_order": 575 }, { "id": 2511342, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. PATRICK HESTER", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Hester", "decision_date": "1992-01-10", "docket_number": "No. 362A91", "first_page": "547", "last_page": "557", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 547" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "87 ALR2d 624", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 2d", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "334 S.E.2d 53", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "60" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "314 N.C. 359", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4694660 ], "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "370" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/314/0359-01" ] }, { "cite": "249 S.E.2d 387", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "390" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "296 N.C. 95", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8564743 ], "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "100" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/296/0095-01" ] }, { "cite": "268 S.E.2d 510", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "515-16", "parenthetical": "quoting Currence v. Hardin, 296 N.C. 95, 100, 249 S.E.2d 387, 390 (1978)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "300 N.C. 621", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8564183 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "628", "parenthetical": "quoting Currence v. Hardin, 296 N.C. 95, 100, 249 S.E.2d 387, 390 (1978)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/300/0621-01" ] }, { "cite": "400 S.E.2d 421", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "424", "parenthetical": "citation omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "328 N.C. 247", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2544578 ], "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/328/0247-01" ] }, { "cite": "145 S.E.2d 833", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1966, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "836" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "266 N.C. 269", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8560200 ], "year": 1966, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "273" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/266/0269-01" ] }, { "cite": "400 S.E.2d 421", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "328 N.C. 247", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2544578 ], "year": 1991, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/328/0247-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 870, "char_count": 23527, "ocr_confidence": 0.762, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.395578952690947e-07, "percentile": 0.6436423513494416 }, "sha256": "641994f6fa44e808212afd715609c5bfa90c19259127d4cb78c74c0adc8614e6", "simhash": "1:8feb80621223a972", "word_count": 3702 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:55:04.423674+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "file_name": "0547-01", "first_page_order": 575, "last_page_order": 585 }, { "id": 2512329, "name": "STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA v. DOUGLAS PAUL OLSON", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Olson", "decision_date": "1992-01-10", "docket_number": "No. 283PA90", "first_page": "557", "last_page": "568", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 557" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "374 S.E.2d 852", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1989, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "323 N.C. 658", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2560866 ], "year": 1989, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/323/0658-01" ] }, { "cite": "259 S.E.2d 752", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "298 N.C. 355", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8572408 ], "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/298/0355-01" ] }, { "cite": "78 L. Ed. 2d 247", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "464 U.S. 908", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6423946, 6424206, 6424048, 6424123, 6423839 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/464/0908-02", "/us/464/0908-05", "/us/464/0908-03", "/us/464/0908-04", "/us/464/0908-01" ] }, { "cite": "302 S.E.2d 740", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "308 N.C. 446", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4709347 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/308/0446-01" ] }, { "cite": "302 S.E.2d 799", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "308 N.C. 470", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4708015 ], "year": 1983, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/308/0470-01" ] }, { "cite": "345 S.E.2d 361", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "364" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "317 N.C. 302", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4775661 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "306" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/317/0302-01" ] }, { "cite": "293 S.E.2d 760", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "764" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "306 N.C. 491", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8571311 ], "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "496" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/306/0491-01" ] }, { "cite": "102 L. Ed. 2d 235", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. 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M. POTTER v. THE HOMESTEAD PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION, HERMAN I. BRETAN, and WILLIAM BRETAN", "name_abbreviation": "Potter v. Homestead Preservation Ass'n", "decision_date": "1992-01-10", "docket_number": "No. 146A90", "first_page": "569", "last_page": "579", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 569" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "389 S.E.2d 146", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "97 N.C. App. 454", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8521660 ], "year": 1990, "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/97/0454-01" ] }, { "cite": "62 S.E.2d 528", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1950, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "530", "parenthetical": "\"One may sue on an express contract and recover on an implied contract unless the allegation is such as to mislead the defendant.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "233 N.C. 17", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8596783 ], "year": 1950, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "20", "parenthetical": "\"One may sue on an express contract and recover on an implied contract unless the allegation is such as to mislead the defendant.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/233/0017-01" ] }, { "cite": "85 S.E.2d 140", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1954, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "143" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "241 N.C. 249", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8606805 ], "year": 1954, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "252" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/241/0249-01" ] }, { "cite": "254 S.E.2d 204", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "206", "parenthetical": "citation omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "41 N.C. App. 88", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8547857 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "91", "parenthetical": "citation omitted" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/41/0088-01" ] }, { "cite": "257 S.E.2d 486", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "plaintiff partner's evidence sufficient to show grounds for imposing constructive trust on conveyed partnership property" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "42 N.C. App. 597", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8555323 ], "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "plaintiff partner's evidence sufficient to show grounds for imposing constructive trust on conveyed partnership property" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/42/0597-01" ] }, { "cite": "331 S.E.2d 177", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "when land is owned individually by one entering the partnership, that property cannot become a partnership asset absent some written agreement sufficient to satisfy the statute of frauds" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "75 N.C. App. 584", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8526400 ], "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "when land is owned individually by one entering the partnership, that property cannot become a partnership asset absent some written agreement sufficient to satisfy the statute of frauds" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/75/0584-01" ] }, { "cite": "97 S.E.2d 247", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1957, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "250" }, { "page": "250" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "245 N.C. 648", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8617344 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1957, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "651" }, { "page": "651" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/245/0648-01" ] }, { "cite": "161 S.E.2d 546", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1968, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "550" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "274 N.C. 143", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8559521 ], "year": 1968, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "149" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/274/0143-01" ] }, { "cite": "47 S.E.2d 243", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1948, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "247", "parenthetical": "quoting 40 Am. Jur. Partnership \u00a7 20 (1942)" }, { "page": "247" }, { "page": "249" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "228 N.C. 668", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8628042 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1948, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "674", "parenthetical": "quoting 40 Am. Jur. Partnership \u00a7 20 (1942)" }, { "page": "674" }, { "page": "677" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/228/0668-01" ] }, { "cite": "286 S.E.2d 99", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "102" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "304 N.C. 696", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8570528 ], "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "701" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/304/0696-01" ] }, { "cite": "390 S.E.2d 142", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "146", "parenthetical": "quoting Carawan v. 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Williams", "decision_date": "1992-01-10", "docket_number": "No. 141A90", "first_page": "579", "last_page": "587", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 579" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "93 S.E.2d 431", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1956, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "244 N.C. 380", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2219561 ], "year": 1956, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/244/0380-01" ] }, { "cite": "339 S.E.2d 673", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "674" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "79 N.C. App. 480", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8521672 ], "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "481" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/79/0480-01" ] }, { "cite": "185 S.E.2d 158", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 6, "year": 1971, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "161" }, { "page": "161" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "280 N.C. 81", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8569860 ], "year": 1971, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/280/0081-01" ] }, { "cite": "368 S.E.2d 627", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "629", "parenthetical": "and citations listed therein" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "322 N.C. 457", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2518018 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "461", "parenthetical": "and citations listed therein" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/322/0457-01" ] }, { "cite": "269 S.E.2d 125", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "133" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "301 N.C. 18", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561039 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "30" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/301/0018-01" ] }, { "cite": "337 S.E.2d 470", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 6, "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "474" }, { "page": "474" }, { "page": "474" }, { "page": "474" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "315 N.C. 157", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4718474 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "162-63" }, { "page": "163" }, { "page": "162" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/315/0157-01" ] }, { "cite": "256 S.E.2d 683", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "687" }, { "page": "687" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "297 N.C. 652", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8573566 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1979, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "658" }, { "page": "659" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/297/0652-01" ] }, { "cite": "400 S.E.2d 57", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "61" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "328 N.C. 231", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2541929 ], "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "236" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/328/0231-01" ] }, { "cite": "261 S.E.2d 114", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "117" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "299 N.C. 95", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8573434 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "99" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/299/0095-01" ] }, { "cite": "265 S.E.2d 164", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "169" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "300 N.C. 71", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8559773 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "78-79" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/300/0071-01" ] }, { "cite": "145 S.E.2d 321", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1965, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "266 N.C. 77", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8559633 ], "year": 1965, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/266/0077-01" ] }, { "cite": "358 S.E.2d 329", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "320 N.C. 404", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4729461 ], "year": 1987, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/320/0404-01" ] }, { "cite": "405 S.E.2d 145", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 4, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "158" }, { "page": "154" }, { "page": "154" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "329 N.C. 61", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2556466 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "83" }, { "page": "76-77" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/329/0061-01" ] }, { "cite": "229 S.E.2d 51", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "54" }, { "page": "190" }, { "page": "54" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "31 N.C. App. 187", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8548355 ], "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "191" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/31/0187-01" ] }, { "cite": "366 U.S. 717", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1285471 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1961, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/366/0717-01" ] }, { "cite": "327 S.E.2d 897", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "quoting Irvin v. Dowd, 366 U.S. 717, 6 L. Ed. 2d 751 (1961)" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "313 N.C. 335", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4719073, 4723876, 4725990, 4726221, 4723481 ], "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "quoting Irvin v. Dowd, 366 U.S. 717, 6 L. 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Ed. 2d", "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "476 U.S. 1153", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12376, 12778, 12511, 12423 ], "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/476/1153-01", "/us/476/1153-02", "/us/476/1153-04", "/us/476/1153-03" ] }, { "cite": "703 S.W.2d 611", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 9981491 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "617-18" }, { "page": "617-18", "parenthetical": "evidence of witness' psychiatric history admissible for impeachment; must be a key prosecution witness and evidence of the mental instability must be shown to have existed within a reasonable time of the event observed or of the testimony" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/sw2d/703/0611-01" ] }, { "cite": "552 N.E.2d 558", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "565" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "407 Mass. 263", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mass.", "case_ids": [ 3885928 ], "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "273-74" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/mass/407/0263-01" ] }, { "cite": "506 N.E.2d 307", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "311-12" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "153 Ill. 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App.", "case_ids": [ 8527114 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "509", "parenthetical": "evidence accomplice drunk at time of crime does not make his testimony inherently incredible; rather, credibility is for the jury" }, { "page": "509" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/64/0505-01" ] }, { "cite": "85 S.E.2d 342", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1955, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "343" }, { "page": "343", "parenthetical": "State witness in prosecution for prostitution" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "241 N.C. 382", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8610947 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1955, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "383" }, { "page": "383" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/241/0382-01" ] }, { "cite": "168 S.E.2d 39", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1969, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "44", "parenthetical": "assumes witness' \"attempt at suicide conceivably might have some relevancy as to her mental balance and her recollection sufficient to be impeaching\" while holding that \"chance remark that the judge failed to see relevancy [did] not amount to prejudicial error\"" }, { "page": "44" }, { "page": "44", "parenthetical": "State witness who strongly implicated both defendants in the conspiracy and substantive charge" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "275 N.C. 342", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8558758 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1969, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "349", "parenthetical": "assumes witness' \"attempt at suicide conceivably might have some relevancy as to her mental balance and her recollection sufficient to be impeaching\" while holding that \"chance remark that the judge failed to see relevancy [did] not amount to prejudicial error\"" }, { "page": "349" }, { "page": "349" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/275/0342-01" ] }, { "cite": "240 S.E.2d 612", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "624" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "294 N.C. 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8570700 ], "year": 1978, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "21" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/294/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "337 S.E.2d 518", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "526", "parenthetical": "effect of drug use is more properly a question of credibility than of competency" }, { "page": "525-26" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "315 N.C. 191", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4719180 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "204", "parenthetical": "effect of drug use is more properly a question of credibility than of competency" }, { "page": "203-04" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/315/0191-01" ] }, { "cite": "225 S.E.2d 645", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "646", "parenthetical": "evidence of psychiatric history" }, { "page": "646", "parenthetical": "State's only eyewitness" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "29 N.C. App. 752", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8557242 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1976, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "753", "parenthetical": "evidence of psychiatric history" }, { "page": "753" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/29/0752-01" ] }, { "cite": "262 S.E.2d 686", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "688", "parenthetical": "evidence of past psychiatric treatment" }, { "page": "688" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "45 N.C. App. 276", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8548371 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "278", "parenthetical": "evidence of past psychiatric treatment" }, { "page": "278" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/45/0276-01" ] }, { "cite": "289 S.E.2d 381", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "evidence of mental illness" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "305 N.C. 154", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8566799, 8566768, 8566739, 8566839, 8566875 ], "year": 1982, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "evidence of mental illness" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/305/0154-03", "/nc/305/0154-02", "/nc/305/0154-01", "/nc/305/0154-04", "/nc/305/0154-05" ] }, { "cite": "283 S.E.2d 168", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "170" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "54 N.C. App. 349", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8522304 ], "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "350" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/54/0349-01" ] }, { "cite": "21 S.E.2d 826", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1942, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "827", "parenthetical": "evidence of mental retardation" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "222 N.C. 33", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8628263 ], "year": 1942, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "34", "parenthetical": "evidence of mental retardation" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/222/0033-01" ] }, { "cite": "62 S.E.2d 50", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1950, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "51", "parenthetical": "evidence of mental retardation and impairment" }, { "page": "51" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "232 N.C. 727", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8614170 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1950, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "728", "parenthetical": "evidence of mental retardation and impairment" }, { "page": "728" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/232/0727-01" ] }, { "cite": "302 S.E.2d 174", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "187", "parenthetical": "evidence of past mental defects" }, { "page": "182-88" }, { "page": "187", "parenthetical": "prosecuting witness in a rape and kidnapping case" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "308 N.C. 231", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4709904 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1983, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "254", "parenthetical": "evidence of past mental defects" }, { "page": "243-54" }, { "page": "254" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/308/0231-01" ] }, { "cite": "469 U.S. 45", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 11958408 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1984, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "56" }, { "page": "460" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/469/0045-01" ] }, { "cite": "377 S.E.2d 54", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "167" }, { "page": "67" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "324 N.C. 146", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 2486736 ], "year": 1988, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/324/0146-01" ] }, { "cite": "366 S.E.2d 550", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "555" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "89 N.C. App. 372", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8522308 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "382" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/89/0372-01" ] }, { "cite": "235 S.E.2d 819", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "825" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "293 N.C. 132", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561668 ], "year": 1977, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "142-43" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/293/0132-01" ] }, { "cite": "340 S.E.2d 84", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 3, "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "89-90" }, { "page": "90" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "315 N.C. 626", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 4714364 ], "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/315/0626-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1378, "char_count": 32376, "ocr_confidence": 0.776, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.5666507818442078e-07, "percentile": 0.6779323813859418 }, "sha256": "17f33de879fa642cd117ad7e0c161ddfb1a07b33179ffb1c9497301725831890", "simhash": "1:33a2f43a1407a836", "word_count": 5350 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:55:04.423674+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "file_name": "0711-01", "first_page_order": 739, "last_page_order": 752 }, { "id": 2510910, "name": "VILLAGE OF PINEHURST v. REGIONAL INVESTMENTS OF MOORE, INC., WACHOVIA BANK AND TRUST COMPANY, N.A., PINEHURST ENTERPRISES, INC., RESORT HOLDING CORPORATION, PINEHURST WATER COMPANY, INC., PINEHURST SANITARY COMPANY, INC., THE CITIBANK, N.A., FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF CHICAGO, THE CHASE MANHATTAN BANK, N.A., CROCKER NATIONAL BANK, WELLS FARGO, N.A., FIRST PENNSYLVANIA BANK, N.A., FIRST NATIONAL STATE BANK OF NEW JERSEY, J. WALTER McDOWELL, III, JOHN KARSCIG, JR., ROBERT W. VAN CAMP AND JAMES R. VAN CAMP", "name_abbreviation": "Village of Pinehurst v. Regional Investments of Moore, Inc.", "decision_date": "1992-01-27", "docket_number": "No. 69A90", "first_page": "725", "last_page": "738", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "330 N.C. 725" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "387 S.E.2d 222", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1990, "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "97 N.C. App. 114", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8519787 ], "year": 1990, "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/97/0114-01" ] }, { "cite": "40 ALR3d 920", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 3d", "weight": 4, "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "263 S.E.2d 599", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "weight": 2, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "603" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "299 N.C. 484", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8575281 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "489" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/299/0484-01" ] }, { "cite": "31 S.E.2d 854", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1944, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "224 N.C. 612", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8610889 ], "year": 1944, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/224/0612-01" ] }, { "cite": "91 S.E.2d 903", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1956, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "243 N.C. 636", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8626600 ], "year": 1956, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/243/0636-01" ] }, { "cite": "222 S.E.2d 752", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "29 N.C. App. 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C. App.", "case_ids": [ 8553557 ], "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc-app/29/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "148 S.E.2d 624", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "267 N.C. 552", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8559855 ], "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/267/0552-01" ] }, { "cite": "213 Kan. 725", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Kan.", "case_ids": [ 552148 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1974, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/kan/213/0725-01" ] }, { "cite": "501 N.Y.S.2d 306", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.2d", "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "67 N.Y.2d 156", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.2d", "case_ids": [ 4404258 ], "year": 1986, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ny-2d/67/0156-01" ] }, { "cite": "269 S.E.2d 608", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.E.2d", "year": 1980, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "301 N.C. 58", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.C.", "case_ids": [ 8561103 ], "year": 1980, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/301/0058-01" ] }, { "cite": "97 A.2d 207", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "year": 1953, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "judicial adoption of wait-and-see" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "98 N.H. 225", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.H.", "case_ids": [ 4426513 ], "year": 1953, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "judicial adoption of wait-and-see" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nh/98/0225-01" ] }, { "cite": "147 N.E. 266", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.", "year": 1925, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "concluding that an option creates no interest in land" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "316 Ill. 318", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill.", "case_ids": [ 5141309 ], "year": 1925, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "concluding that an option creates no interest in land" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ill/316/0318-01" ] }, { "cite": "277 S.W.2d 619", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 10184295 ], "year": 1955, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "preemptive right is a personal right not subject to the rule against perpetuities" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/sw2d/277/0619-01" ] }, { "cite": "225 N.W. 620", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.W.", "year": 1929, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "preemptive right creates no interest in land and is therefore not subject to the rule" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "246 Mich. 659", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mich.", "case_ids": [ 1747399 ], "year": 1929, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "preemptive right creates no interest in land and is therefore not subject to the rule" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/mich/246/0659-01" ] }, { "cite": "161 N.E. 385", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.", "year": 1928, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "construing preemptive right as a personal right not subject to the rule against perpetuities" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "87 Ind. App. 236", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ind. App.", "case_ids": [ 1548387 ], "year": 1928, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "construing preemptive right as a personal right not subject to the rule against perpetuities" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ind-app/87/0236-01" ] }, { "cite": "265 Ala. 93", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ala.", "case_ids": [ 5794039 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1956, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "preemptive right creates an estate on a condition subsequent to which the rule against perpetuities does not apply" }, { "parenthetical": "preemptive right creates an estate on a condition subsequent to which the rule against perpetuities does not apply" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ala/265/0093-01" ] }, { "cite": "2 L. Ed. 2d 262", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "year": 1957, "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "355 U.S. 907", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6314502, 6314954, 6315437, 6314740, 6314293, 6315224 ], "year": 1957, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/us/355/0907-02", "/us/355/0907-04", "/us/355/0907-06", "/us/355/0907-03", "/us/355/0907-01", "/us/355/0907-05" ] }, { "cite": "248 F.2d 61", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 394697 ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/248/0061-01" ] }, { "cite": "21 N.E.2d 1008", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1938, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1012", "parenthetical": "\"Certainly no rule against perpetuities could ever be intended to apply to municipal corporations.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 1 }, { "cite": "60 Ohio App. 407", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ohio App.", "case_ids": [ 1358585 ], "year": 1938, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "415", "parenthetical": "\"Certainly no rule against perpetuities could ever be intended to apply to municipal corporations.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/ohio-app/60/0407-01" ] }, { "cite": "20 L. Ed. 2d 161", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. 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