{
  "id": 8681168,
  "name": "JOHN J. HOOKS & AL vs. BLACKMAN LEE",
  "name_abbreviation": "Hooks v. Lee",
  "decision_date": "1850-12",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "83",
  "last_page": "93",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "nominative",
      "cite": "7 Ired. Eq. 83"
    },
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "42 N.C. 83"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C.",
    "id": 9292,
    "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "2 Hawks 472",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Hawks",
      "case_ids": [
        11276933
      ],
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      "case_paths": [
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      ]
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    {
      "cite": "1 Phillips 1",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Phillips",
      "opinion_index": 0
    }
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:41:16.136784+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "JOHN J. HOOKS & AL vs. BLACKMAN LEE."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "PbaRSo\u00ed\u00ed, J.\nThe case turns entirely upon the construction of the deed of settlement, as it is called.\nWe concur with the defendant\u2019s counsel in the position\u00bb which was mainly debated upon the argument of the cause, that the words, \u201cTo have and to hold all and singular the land, negroes, &c., to the only use and benefit of the said Mar}\" Hooks, her executors and assigns forever,\u201d cannot be considered as amounting to a gift to her next of kin, For, \u201c executors and assigns,\u201d taken as words of purchase, cannot mean \u201cnext of kin.\u201d No case has ever gone so far, and the authorities cited for the defendant fully prove that these words, taken as words of purchase, designate the personal representatives. Executors and Administrators, 1 Phillips 1. But, in truth, the words, as used in this clause, are only intended to limit to Mary Hooks an absolute estate, and they are used in reference to her in the same sense that they would have been used in reference to a trustee, had there been one \u2014 ; that is, to convey the idea, that the estate was to be absolute. If there was nothing more in the deed, we should hold clearly, that Mrs. Hooks taking an absolute estate, and dying without making a disposition thereof, the personal estate would pass according to law to her husband as administrator, or to such person as might administer \u2022for the use of the husband.\nBut from the whole instrument the intention is clear, that the defendant had agreed to accept the use and profits of the land, negroes, &c , during the coverture at a \\nominal rent of one dollar, if demanded, and to divest himself, to renounce, and give up all further right, which he would otherwise have been entitled to, either in law or equity as husband. The language used to express this intention is as definite and explicit as language can be, and the only want of perspicuity is occasioned by using too many words, in the earnest desire, that the intention should not be misunderstood.\n\u201cI, the said Lee, do hereby sell-, assign, deliver, alien, and confirm, and have by these presents sold, assigned, aliened, delivered and confirmed to the said Mary Hooks all the right, title, estate, interest and benefit, which I may by operation of law acquire, derive, or receive, either in law or equity in and to the following real and personal estate, belonging to the said Mary Hooks, by reason of said intermarriage.\u201d\nOur attention was called to the fact, that in the clause covenanting for further assurance, the intention is not ex* pressed quite so forcibly. The intention is,\u2018\u2018entirely to divest himself of right, title, and estate in and to the land and negroes, &c.; so that, he nor his creditors shall have any right to sell or contract the same.\u201d\nIf these words were inconsistent with the intention previously expressed, in what may be called the \u201cenacting clause,\u201d it Would be difficult to hold, that, by any sound rule of construction, they could have the effect of qualifying or varying the stipulations of the parties ; for, the object of the covenant is not to vary the stipulations, but to provide that they should be carried fully into effect. The two clauses, however, are not inconsistent, and may well be read together. The intention is, \u201centirely to divest himself of all right or title ; so that, he shall have no right to sell and so that, he shall no interest, estate or benefit, either in law or equity, by reason of the intermarriage, as is herein before provided and agreed on, except that he is to have the use and profits of the property during coverture at a nominal rent. The demurrer was p' opc-rly overruled; and the defendant must pay the costs. This opinion will be certified.\nPer Curiam. Ordered to be certified accordingly.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "PbaRSo\u00ed\u00ed, J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "J. II. Bryan, with whom were Husted and Washington, for the plaintiffs,",
      "W. II. Haywood and Miller, for' the defendant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "JOHN J. HOOKS & AL vs. BLACKMAN LEE.\nWhere in an agreement in contemplation of marriage betweon A. and B. the intended wife, (up trustee being interposed) it was stipulated that B. shall \u201chave and hold (her property) the land, negroes, $-c., to the only use and benefit of the said B. her exeoutors and assigns forever.\u201d Held, that these words cannot be considered as amounting to a gift to her next of Jcin.\n\u201cExecutors aud administrators,\u201d taken as words of purchase, cannot mean \u201cnext of kin.\u201d\nIf there were nothing more iu the deed, it would be held clearly, that B., taking an absolute estate and dying without making disposition thereof, the personal estate would pass, according to law, to her husband as hot administrator, or to such person as might administer for the husband.\nBut where, in the same deed or agreement, it was further stipulated, \u201cThat I the said A. do hereby assign, sell, deliver, alien and confirm, and have by these presents sold, aliened, assigned, delivered and confirmed to the said B. all the right, title, estate, interest and, benefit, which I may by law acquire, derive or receive, either in law or equity, in and to the (said) real and personal estate, belonging to the said B. by reason of the said intermarriage;\u201d it was held that A, had thereby renounced and given up all right, which he would otherwise have been entitled to, either in law or equity, after the death of his wife, as her husband, and of course could claim none of the property, so secured, in that capacity.\nH was held, further, that this construction was not varied by the insertion in the clause covenanting for further assurance, of the words \u201centirely to divest himself of right, title and estate in and to the land aud negroes, $-c., so that he nor his creditors shall have any right to sell or contract the same.5\nAppeal from an order overruling a demurrer, made at the Spring Term 1S50, of Wayne Court of Equity, his Honor Judge Bailey presiding.\nThe bill in this case was filed by John J. Hooks, William R. Hooks, and Franklin II. Hooks, and set forth in substance : That on the-day of March 1837, Mary Hooks, of the County of Wayne, being a widow and the mother of the plaintiffs, was addressed by the defendant, and proposals of marriage were made and accepted \u2014 that the said Mary was seized and possessed of a valuable real and personal estate, consisting of lands, slaves and other personal property, and it was, -among other things, agreed, upon the treaty of marriage between- the said Mary and Blackman, that all the estate of the said Mary, real and personal of the said Mary, should be so secured to the said Mary, by deed of marriage settlement, that, notwithstanding the said marriage, she should not be deprived of her right, title and property in and to the said estate, real and personal, but that she should have, hold and enjoy the same, free and exempt from any claim, right or interest, either in law or equity, which, by operation of law, the said Blackman might acquire or derive by reason of the said intended marriage, and neither the said Blackman nor his creditors should acquire by said marriage any right, title or estate in said property, except that the said property might remain, during the marriage, in the occupancy and tase of said Blackman, he paying therefor an annual rent of one dollar, if demanded.\nThe bill further set forth, that, before the solemnization of the said marriage, an instrument or deed of settlement, bearing date the 14th of March 1837, was made and executed by the said Mary and Blackman, which was duly proved and registered, a copy of which hereunto annexed, marked, A., was made a part of the bill. And the bill further set forth, that the female slaves, named in the said deed, have had several children, since the execution of the said deed, which are now in the possession of the said defendant, and whose names, as far as known, are Thereby, &c.\nAnd the bill further set forth, that the said marriage was solemnized immediately after the execution of the said indenture \u2014 and that the said Blackman, for many years thereafter, always admitted the separate estate and property of the said Mary in the said lands and slaves, and, in particular charges, as a clear indication of the view, which the defendant had of the operation and effect of the said settlement, that, in February 1841, the negro Pompey was sold by the said Mary, and she permitted the said defendant to receive and use the money, but the said defendant made and delivered his note to the said Mary, payable to her, for three hundred and forty dollars, the price of the said negro, and the said note was in possession of the said Mary in the Fall of the last year, since which time it is supposed it has come to the hands of the said defendant; and, also, that, on the 8th day of February 1848, and on the 21st day of March 1848, the said Blackman distinctly recognized the right of the said Mary to sell and dispose of the said settled property, he being a party to certain deeds to the plaintiffs, John and Franklin, whereby the said Mary conveyed te them certain lands, being a part of the said real estate contained in the said settlement, which deeds the said plaintiffs have ready to produce, &c.\nAnd the bill further set forth, that the said Mary departed this life on the-day of June 1849, leaving the plaintiffs and the defendant her surviving, and that the defendant hath, as the plaintiffs are informed, taken out letters of administration upon the estate of the said Mary, at August Term 1S49, of the County Court of Johnstonf and claims to hold, for his own use and benefit, all the personal estate of the said Mary, although the same is included in the said deed of settlement, aud denies that he is accountable for the same or any portion thereof to the plaintiffs, who are the children and next of kin of the said Mary, as aforesaid.\nAnd the plaintiffs in their said bill say, that they are advised, that the said deed is informal and defective, as a marriage settlement, because the said property was not conveyed to a trustee for the uses and purposes therein expressed; yet the said agreement, being made between the parties for a valuable consideration, and the intent and meaning thereof being apparent, this Court will not suffer the same to fail and become nugatory, for want of a trustee, and that, although the covenants and agreements in the said deed may be extinguished at law, by the marriage of the parties thereto, yet the said defendant will be decreed and held a trustee for the uses and purposes, declared in the said deed, according to the just construction of the same and the rules and principles of this Court; and that the plaintifFs are further advised, that, by the true construction of the said deed, the said Mary was entitled to her estate in the said real and personal property, unaffected and unimpaired by the said marriage, and that, upon the death of the said Mary, the same, with the increase of the said negroes, devolved upon the plaintiffs, as the next of kin of the said Mary, and that they are entitled to call upon the said defendant to surrender the said negroes and their increase, and the proceeds of any t hat may have been sold, and also to such account of the rents, profits and hires of the said property, as the Court may deem just and proper.\nThe plaintifFs then, in the said bill, pray that the defendant may answer the interrogatories therein propounded touching the premises, and that he may be decreed to surrender the said negroes and their increase, and the pro \u2022 duce of the sales and hires, if any, and pay to the plaintiffs what may be due and owing on the said account and settlement, and may have such other and further relief as the nature of the case may require, and pray process, &c.\nUpon the return of the process, the defendant appeared and filed a general demurrer to the plaintiffs' bill. On argument it was ordered by the Court that the demurrer be overruled and that the defendant answer, &c.\u2014 From this order the defendant, by leave of the Court, appealed.\nSTATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, ?\nJohnston County. 5\nThis Indenture, made and entered into this 14th day of March 1887, between Blackman W. Lee, of5the County of Sampson and State aforesaid, of the first part, and Mary Hooks, of the first named State and County, of the second part, witnesseth: That whereas the said Black-man W. Lee and Mary Hooks, having entered into an agreement of marriage, which marriage is soon to be legally solemnized, and the said Mary Hooks, being of her own right seised and possessed of a large real and personal estate, is willing and anxious so to execute, that the said Mary Hooks shall not be deprived of the use, benefit, and profit of the said estate, real and personal, by reason of their intended marriage, and the said Mary Hooks being of lawful age to be her own agent; now, therefore be it known, that for and in consideration of the premises, and for and in consideration of the sum of one dollar to me the said Blackman W. Lee by the aforesaid Mary Hooks, before the sealing and delivering of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, I, the said Blackman W. Lee, do hereby sell, assign, and deliver, alien and confirm, and have by these presents sold,assigned, aliened, delivered, and confirmed unto Mary Hooks aforesaid, all the right, title, estate, interest, and benefit, which I may by operation of law acquire, derive or receive at law orequity in and to the following real and personal estate, now belonging to the said Mary Hooks, by reason of the said intermarriage between the said Black-man W. Lee and Mary Hooks, viz: Twenty slaves; named, Owen,about 27years; Pompey, 60years; Charles, SO; Elijah, 24; Harry, 26; Baltimore, 14; Cader, 10; Henderson, 7; Isaac, 5; Simon, 5; Alvin, 2; Sawney, about one month ; Patience, 40; Amoritt-, 25-; Rane, 24; Teney, 19 ; Ginny, 10 ; Margaret, 8 ; Manny, 3 ; Martha 2 r also one tract of land in Sampson County containing 830 acres, lying in the fork of Big Cohara and Ward\u2019s Swamp, adjoining A. Fleming and Joshua Craddoe ; also, two tracts of land in the County of Johnston, being the place whei;e the said Mary now lives, containing eight hundred and seven acres, bounded as per deed from Su* sannah Blackman to said Mary, dated the 21st day of February 1829 ; also one other tract of land, joining the above, containing thirty acres as per deed from John Eason to said Mary Hooks, bearing date the 10th day of December 1832 ; also one close carriage and two horses \u2014 to have and to hold all and singular the aforesaid lands, ne-groes, carriage, and horses to the only use and benefit of the said Mary Hooks, her executors and assigns forever ; and the said Blackman W. Lee doth solemnly covenant, promise, and agree to and with the said Mary Hooks, that he will, upon the solemnization of the said marriage, or at any time thereafter, when requested by the said Mary, make, execute and deliver all*and every necessary title, deed, or conveyance, advised and directed by counsel learned in law, more completely and effectually to secure the intention of this indenture, which is entirely to divest himself of right, title, and estate in and to the above mentioned lands, negroes, carriage and horses ; so that he nor his creditors shall have any right to sell or contract the same or any part of said lands, negroes, or their increase, carriage and horses. It is further agreed and understood by and between the ccntracting parties aforesaid, that the lands, negroes and chattels may remain in the use and occupancy of the said Blackman W. Lee, he paying thereforby way of hire or rent the sum of one dollar on the first day of January in each and every year, if demanded. It is further agreed by and between the parties to this indenture, that, if it shall be desirable to sell or exchange the whole or any part of the above mentioned real or per* sonal property, the said Mary may transfer and lawfully convey the whole or any part of said real or personal property to any person whatsoever, receiving a fair and full consideration for the same ; which consideration, whether it be money or property, she shall hold, possess, and keep in the same manner as the property hereby conveyed is to be held and kept; and this indenture to be as binding and legal as if a third person had been appointed as agent or trustee, the said Mary acting as her own agent and trustee.\nIn witness whereof the parties have hereunto set their hands and seals, the day and year first above written.\nBLACKMAN W. LEE, [seal.]\nMARY HOOKS, .[seal.]\nSigned and sealed in presence of\nJohn Eason, ?\nYoung Budridge, S\nJ. II. Bryan, with whom were Husted and Washington, for the plaintiffs,\nsubmitted the following argument:\nThe demurrer admits the case as stated by the bill, which is, that Mrs, Hooks was a widow, with three children, that the property settled was entirely her own, that the object of the settlement was not only to preserve her rights to the property unimpaired, but that the property itself should not he affected by the marriage, nor rendered liable either to the contracts of the husband or to the rights of his creditors.\nThe property settled consists of lands and negroes \u2014 personal chattels in possession.\nIt is declared that the husband shall not acquire any interest whatever by the marriage, and he sells, assigns and confirms unto Mary Hooks all right, title, estate, interest and benefit which he may, by operation of law, acquire, derive or receive, either in law or equity, to the property, &c.\nUpon the construction of this settlement, the question is emphatically, as was said by Lord Thurlow, in Woodcock v. Duke of Dorset, 3 Bro. C. C. 569, \u201cwhat is the truth and honor of the case V\u2019 and that is to be answered by ascertaining by a liberal construction what is the true intention of the settlement.\nThe defendant, if he have any claim, has it as husband; it is they\u2019ws mariti \u2014 the settlement is not to be construed by what has subsequently happened ; but its meaning now is what it was on the day of its execution ; it cannot be affected by the fact of the wife pre-deceasing the hus* band.\nUpon the marriage, there being no trustee, the husband became possessed of the slaves absolutely as the legal owner \u2014 and upon his death, they would have devolved upon his executor or administrator \u2014 they were personal chattels in possession; they were not dioses in action, which could only be reached by administering upon his wife\u2019s estate \u2014 his claim upon the death of the wife was still jure mariti and not \u00e1s administrator.\nThe husband is not next of kin and cannot claim as such. Bailey v. Wright, 18 Yes. \u201949. Tyson v. Sugg, 2 Hawks 472. Oliver and Jones, 3 Ire. Eq. 369.\nThe defendant, therefore, if he claim here, must be allowed by this Court to claim against his express conveyance, renunciation and release.\nThe intention of the settlement is rendered more apparent from the fact, that not only the defendant, but his creditors, are excluded from deriving any benefit from the settlement, and this is an argument against his holding the property for his own use in any capacity; for if he bolds it for his own use, his creditors must necessarily be \u00a1entitled to subject it.\nBut the words, \u201cto have and to hold all and singular the property, &c., to the only use and benefit of the said Mary, her executors and assigns,\u201d do not contemplate or allow the claim of the defendant, as her administrator. It is im* possible that the words, \u201cher executors and assigns,\u201d can here be regarded as words of limitation, for they embrace valuable real estate as well as personal \u2014 they embrace the whole property as one corpus \u2014 the Court must hold them to be words of purchase; and then their true meaning is to be ascertained, which, especially in marriage articles, depends upon the intention, and, to ascertain that, a liberal interpretation (as is said by Judge Gaston in Gause v. Hale, 1 Ire. Eq 241.) is to be given.\n\u201cTaking the whole instrument together what is the intention of the parties,\u201d as is said in Smith v. Dudley, IS E. C. R. 132.\nThat the Court will make technical words yield to what they believe the intent of the agreement, is shewn by the cases of Bulmer v. J\u00f3ly, 5 Sim. 51, 8 E. Cond. Ch. Rep 345. 3 M. & K. 197. Palin v. Hills, 1 M. & K. 470. Haines v. Hames, 2 Keen 048.\nIn this Court, the wife may have a separate property with all its incidents, and this settlement will receive the same construction, as if there had been a conveyance to a trustee. In that case, upon the death of the wife, it is submitted that the husband could not have claimed against his covenants, but the trustee would have held for the heirs and next of kin of the wife.\nThere is a special provision made here for the husband by the settlement \u2014 he is to have the use and enjoyment of the property, paying a nominal rent, if demanded.\u2014 This is entirely inconsistent with his taking the entire interest and estate \u2014 this would be taking \u201cpart (of) the whole.\u201d And.where would be the estate of the wife? \u2014 = The whole object of this anxiously executed settlernent would be to secure her one dollar per year of her property, during the coverture, and upen its dissolution by her death the whole would go absolutely to the husband.\nW. II. Haywood and Miller, for' the defendant."
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}