{
  "id": 11276603,
  "name": "DOE ex dem. GEORGE BOYD vs. SAM'L C. LATHAM",
  "name_abbreviation": "Doe ex dem. Boyd v. Latham",
  "decision_date": "1853-06",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "365",
  "last_page": "368",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "nominative",
      "cite": "1 Busb. 365"
    },
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "44 N.C. 365"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C.",
    "id": 9292,
    "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [],
  "analysis": {
    "cardinality": 400,
    "char_count": 6853,
    "ocr_confidence": 0.502,
    "pagerank": {
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      "percentile": 0.44134445676176487
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    "sha256": "13090c3c1cb0b89e9bcbfa0cfaf225484e9e4784530cb1569fd34cffcf2eee8f",
    "simhash": "1:a2e7c8a6449d83be",
    "word_count": 1259
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:23:02.564304+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "DOE ex dem. GEORGE BOYD vs. SAM\u2019L C. LATHAM."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "PearsoN, J.\nGeorge Boyd, Sen., died seised and possessed of a considerable estate, and left him surviving a widow and one child, and a good many relatives to whom he makes bequests or devises; among them Almarina Boyd, to whom he devises the land now sued for.\nOne of two conclusions must be adopted. 1. What are called \u00abthe codicils \u2019 \u2019 revoke the will, and Boyd died intestate, except as to the u grist and saw mills and four negroes,\u201d or 2, the codicils have only the effect of altering the sixth item of the will which has reference to the grist\u2019 and saw mill; and the several items by which the four negroes that he in his last codicil directs to be sold, had been specifically bequeathed, and leaves the will in full force and effect in regard to all other particulars.\nThe first is supported by the single fact that Mr. Boyd, in what he calls \u201c codicile,\u201d uses these words, \u201c I annul all and every word in the above will of mine.\u201d\nThe second is supported by a great many facts and considerations. 1. In the body of the will these words are interlined in the hand writing of Mr. Boyd, \u201c I annul all the sixth item above stated, or before stated,\u201d and at the foot of the will these words are added by him, \u201c all the interlined places in my hand writing to be and remain valid.\u201d 2. The sixth item which has reference to the grist and saw mill, is the only one which in terms is altered by the first codicil, and the general words in that codicil, which are relied on to support the proposition that the entire will is thereby revoked, are restricted by the fact of its being called a codicil, which imports not a revocation, but an addition, or explanation, or alteration of a prior will in reference to some particular, and assumes that in all other particulars the will is to be in full force and effect. 3. The first codicil presupposes the continuance of the original will by saying, \u201cI insert\u201d the following, <fec. Insert where ? Of course in the original will; and by re-cognising it in the provision that the proceeds of the sales of the mills are to be put on interest for the benefit of \u201c my son George Boyd, who Thave given the mills in this instrument of writing,\u201d to wit, my will which I have altered, so as to give him the money instead of the mills. 4. The second codicil recognises the continuance of the wilt by speaking of those negroes which \u201c I left to my son,\u201d and one which \u201c I left to my wife ;\u201d these are to be sold and appropriated to the payment of my debts, and the account of sales to be returned to Court by u my executors.\u201d What executors unless the will is still in force? And in the second section of this codicil he says \u201c any property that my wife may think proper to give up of hers, such as stock and household furniture, to help to pay my debts, I wish my executor to return the amount of the same to Court.\u201d What stock or household furniture had the wife except what she took under the will? 5. The rule, ut res magis valeat quam pereat comes in aid of the general presumption, that one who makes a will intends to dispose of all of his property. 6. There is a special presumption in this case that Mr. Boyd did not intend to die intestate as to all of his property except the mills and four of his negroes ; for, from the whole will, it is apparent that he not only intended to dispose of his entire estate at his death, but he was solicitous to retain the jus disponendi even afterwards, and to sell his mills \u201c for $2,000, and no less, on a credit of two years, the money to be well secured, and the sales returned to Court;\u201d if that price could not be had, then \u201c to rent her for not less than $75 per an., the person who rents to keep her in repair,\u201d &c. And he evinces a general wish to retain the control and dominion over his property for eighteen years after his death, (when his son would arrive at age,) all of which is wholly at variance with the idea of an intention to revoke his will, and die intestate as to the bulk of his estate.\nJudgment reversed, and judgment that the defendant recover his cost and go \u201cwithout day,\u201d according to case agreed.\nPeR Curiam. Judgment reversed.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "PearsoN, J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Rodman, for the defendant.",
      "Donnell, for the plaintiff."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "DOE ex dem. GEORGE BOYD vs. SAM\u2019L C. LATHAM.\nA codicil imports not a revocation, but an addition to, or explanation or alteration of, it prior will in reference to some particular, and assumes that in all other particulars, the will is to be in full force and effect.\nThe rule ut res magis valeat quampereat, comes in aid of the general presumption, that one who makes a will, intends to dispose of all his property.\nThis was an action of ejectment, tried bef\u00f3te Manly, Judge, at the Spring Term, 1853, of Beaufort Superior Court.\nThe following is the case agreed, upon which, in the Court below, judgment was entered for the plaintiff: <e It is admitted that George Boyd, Sen., died seised in fee of the lands described in the declaration in or about 1844, and that the defendant was in possession thereof at the time of the service of the declaration on him. It is admitted that the lessor of the plaintiff is the only child and heir at law of said George Boyd, Sen., and is undet* age. The annexed paper is a copy of the last will and testament of said George Boyd, and the land described therein as given to Almarina Boyd is the same land described in the plaintiff\u2019s declaration. Before this action was brought, Almarina Boyd conveyed all her estate in said lands to the defendant. The defendant and those under whom he claims, have been in possession of the land ever since the death of 'George Boyd. If the Court is of opinion with the plaintiff, judgment shall be given for him, for six pence damages, and costs. If the Court is of opinion with the defendant, judgment shall be given against the plaintiff for costs. The above admissions are made only for the purposes of this suit. Either party may appeal without giving bond.\u201d\nThe will referred to above, which the opinion delivered by this Court renders unnecessary to insert here at length, consisted of eleven items, and two codicils, by which a large estate was disposed of. By the sixth item it disposed of certain mills. By the seventh, the testator devised the land in dispute to Almarina Boyd. The first codicil, which commences, \u201c Codicile, I annul all and every word in the above will of mine, and 1 insert the following,\u201d \u2014 changes the former disposition of the mills. The second, beginning, u I have thought proper to make the following alteration to my last will and testament \u201d modifies the body of the will as regards several negroes therein mentioned by name, and again makes provision about the mills.\nThe other parts which are material here, will be found in the opinion of the Court. From a judgment for the plaintiff in the Court below, the defendant appealed to the Supreme Court.\nRodman, for the defendant.\nDonnell, for the plaintiff."
  },
  "file_name": "0365-01",
  "first_page_order": 377,
  "last_page_order": 380
}