{
  "id": 11277576,
  "name": "In the matter of B. F. MOORE, Esq., THOMAS BRAGG, Esq., E. G. HAYWOOD, Esq., and others",
  "name_abbreviation": "In re Moore",
  "decision_date": "1869-06",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "397",
  "last_page": "409",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "63 N.C. 397"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C.",
    "id": 9292,
    "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [],
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:51:48.011339+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "In the matter of B. F. MOORE, Esq., THOMAS BRAGG, Esq., E. G. HAYWOOD, Esq., and others."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Pearson, C. J.\nAs there seems to be some misapprehension, in regard to the matter which the Court is about to take up, it is proper to say that the Rule was made upon the ground that every member of the Bar whose name purports to be signed to the paper referred to in the Rule, did sign it, and approve of its publication.\nWe are informed that there are about five hundred members of the Bar, and the Clerk reports that the names of one hundred and ten, or, about one-fifth of the whole number, purport to be signed to the paper.\nHe also reports that Willis Bagley, Esq., has filed a statement to the effect that he did not sign the paper, or authorize- ' any person to do so for him, and that he did not approve of its publication.\nThe rule is therefore discharged as to Mr. Bagley; and it will be discharged as to all others who may file with the Clerk a like statement.\nThe Clerk further reports that one hundred and one members of the Bar had an appearance at the last term of this Cour.t. Of these seventy-six did not sign the paper. . The-names of twenty-five purport to be signed to it: that is, one-fourth of the whole number.\n\u2022 For the purpose of showing that the Justices have no disposition to carry matters to an extreme, or to do more than what is, in their opinion necessary to preserve the respect due-to the Court by its officers, and to prevent its usefulness from being impaired, (less than which they cannot do, without betraying the confidence reposed in them by the people of the-State,) and also for the purpose of avoiding useless costs, the Clerk has been instructed to issue copies only to Mr. Moore,. Mr. Bragg and Mr. Haywood, in the first instance, with \u2018the hope that further action in respect to others might become unnecessary. Otherwise copies will issue, and a day be given to them.\nThe Clerk will enter this upon the record.\nThe matter having been continued to Wednesday the 16th,., answers upon oath in the terms following, were filed severally by the respondents above named :\nThe several answer of-to the Rule herein made by said Court, and served upon him.\nThis Respondent, protesting that a Rule which deprives him even temporarily of his privileges as an attorney of said Court, ought not to have been made in his absence, without. notice, and without affidavit or other legal proof of the facts upon which said Rule is based, respectfully answering says :\n\u2022 1. That he admits the signing and publishing of the paper.called \u201cA solemn Protest of the Bar o\u00ed North Carolina against Judicial interference in political affairs,\u201d but insists that the Supreme Court 'hath no authority to make, or jurisdiction to enforce said Rule :\n2. That the publication referred to in said Rule-is not libellous, and doth not tend to impair the respect due to the authority of said Court.\n3. And for further answer, this Respondent says that1' said paper was conceived and prepared during the recent political canvass for the Presidency, and its publication deferred until after the close of the canvass, to avoid its having the appearance of a partizan document. He admits that his purpose was to express Ms disapprobation of the conduct of individuals occupying high judicial stations ; yet as an act of justice to himself against the charge made in the Rule, he not only disavows, in signing and publishing said paper, any intention of committing a contempt of the Supreme Court, or of impairing the respect due to its authority, but on the contrary, avows his motive to have been to preserve the purity wMch had ever distinguished the administration of justice by the Courts of this State.\nThereupon the Rule was argued on behalf of the Respondents, by Messrs Battle, Person, Foiule, Barnes and Smith.\nUpon Saturday the 19th day of June the Court delivered its opinion as follows :\nPearson, C. J. The protestation with which the answer opens, is irrelevant to any matter for consideration at tMs stage of the proceeding, and would not be noticed save that it is calculated to create prejudice in the minds of persons who do not understand the meaning \u00aef terms used in judicial proceedings \u2014 \u201c laymen \u201d as brother Battle termed them.\nThis was a rule nisi, to-wit: that Mr. Moore, and other gentlemen, be disabled from hereafter appearing as Attorneys in this Court, unless they shall severally appear, on Tuesday^ the 15th of June, 1869, and show cause to the contrary; and it was ordered that a copy be served on said Attorneys.\nTbe effect of tbe rule was to deprive Mr. Moore of bis privi* leges as an Attorney of this Court until tbe matter was disposed of. No application was made to alter tbe form-of the rule. Suppose it had been, and tbe rule put in this shape : Ordered, that notice issue to B. E. Moore, Esq., Attorney, &c., to appear on Tuesday, tbe 15th inst, and show cause why be shall not be disabled, &c., it would have bad tbe effect of depriving him of tbe privilege of appearing as an Attorney in this Court until tbe matter was disposed of. Por tbe order would not have been made except upon prima fade evidence -to support it. So, in either form, tbe effect would have been -to deprive Mr. Moore \u201c temporarily of bis privileges as an Attorney of this Court,\u201d a necessary incident of tbe proceeding in either form. Consequently, tbe form of tbe rule is no legitimate ground for complaint.\nTbe other objection, that tbe rule was made without affidavit, or other legal proof of tbe facts upon wbieb it is bas\u00e9d, is -equally untenable. It is admitted that where tbe proof is furnished by the senses of tbe Judges, it may be acted on. Here there was such proof. \"We bnew by our senses that a newspaper containing the paper referred to, purporting to be signed. by Mr. Moore and others, bad been extensively circulated and was then in tbe court room ; and tbe want of a disavowal on bis part, that be bad signed tbe paper, or consented to its publication, furnished prima fade proof, not sufficient for final action, but all sufficient as ground for tbe rule. On bis appearance he was at liberty to denyjjthe fact without an oath, and the denial, like the plea-of \u201c not guilty,\u201d would simply have put the fact in issue \u2014 and be would have been entitled to have' tbe rule discharged, unless tbe fact was proved by direct testi\u25a0mony. Instead of that, be admits the fact, So this is no legitimate ground of complaint. In short, all tbe preliminary objections were waived, and the reference to them can answer no useful purpose.\nI. \u201cThe Eespondent insists that the Supreme Court bath no authority to make, or jurisdiction to enforce, said rule.\u201d This position is put on the ground that the statute, ratified 10th of April, 1869, defines all matters of contempt, fixes the punishment, fine or imprisonment, or both ; and, by implication, ousts the common law jurisdiction of the Court over the morals and behavior of its Attorneys.\nWe agree with the learned counsel of the Respondent in the opinion that the statute does not embrace our case. It is not embraced by subdivision 8, section 1 : \u201c Misbehavior of \u25a0any officer of a Court in any official transaction,\u201d as receiving money and failing to pay it over. So the question is, are the Courts deprived, by implication, of the power of self protection and the means of relieving themselves from the presence of unworthy Attorneys, or those Attorneys who, by combination, (I will not use the harsher word, conspiracy,) seek to impair the dignity and veneration, with which the judiciary is invested, by which it can command the respect and confidence \u25a0of the public, \u2014 without which, its usefulness will be greatly impaired, or altogether destroyed ? A mere statement of the proposition is sufficient to show that the statute has not that effect.\nBy another statute, persons who apply for the exclusive privilege of Attorneys at Law, and the right to enjoy the emoluments of the dignified position of \u201ca member of the Bar,\u201d are required to produce satisfactory testimonials of good moral character, and thereupon the law tacitly annexes a condition whereby this exclusive privilege is forfeited after bad conduct; and it is not only the right, but the duty of the courts, to enforce the forfeiture. Suppose, an Attorney of a Court is tried and convicted of \u201c forgery,\u201d and the day after enduring infamous punishment, appears in Court; is he to be allowed to exercise the privilege of an Attorney, and has the Court \u201c no power to make, or jurisdiction to enforce \u201d a rule to show cause why he shall not be disabled from appearing before it ? Or, suppose two or more Attorneys are convicted of a conspiracy, which is an infamous offence ; or of a libel, which is also an infamous offence, has the Court no power to rule them out? No one will venture to question the power or duty of the Court to do so. It may be said these are extreme cases'; true, but if the statute does not oust the Common law jurisdiction in such cases, the learned gentlemen must yield the position taken by them.\nThese cases presuppose trial and conviction for an offence where the Conrt has no further concern than to preserve the purity of its Bar. But the power and jurisdiction of the Court apply with equal clearness to cases where the integrity of the Court itself is assailed by a libellous publication made by a combination of a part of its Bar, which, in the argument of. this point, is to be assumed to be our case. Under these circumstances, the principle of self-protection, the broad ground on which the whole doctrine rests, calls into action the powers of the Court, as soon as there is prima facie evidence of the fact, without waiting for a trial and conviction in another Court, \u2014 like the case of mutiny among a crew. The Captain must put a stop to it at once, else he betrays the confidence reposed in him ; or, the case of the head of a family who finds some of its members combining to injure, or to bring him into disrepute, he must rebuke it at the outset, if he would preserve the influence and control necessary for the good of the family.\nII. The Respondent insists \u201cthat the publication referred to, is not libellous, and doth not tend to impair the respect, due to the authority of the said Court.\u201d\nThe paper is drafted with all the adroitness of a skilful lawyer; and, under cover \u201c of love and veneration for the past purity which has distinguished the administration of law-in our State,\u201d aims a deadly blow at the Court to which that sacred trust is now confided.\nStripped of the beautiful dress by which it is artfully disguised, it amounts to this : A Judge, who openly and publicly displays his political party zeal, renders himself unfit to hold the \u201c balance of justice \u25a0\u201d and whenever an occasion may offer to serve his fellow partizans, he will yield to the temptation,, and the \u201c wavering balance will shake.\u201d\n\u201cNever before have we seen the Judges of the Supreme \u25a0/ Court, singly or en masse; rush into the mad contest of politics, under the excitement of drums and flags,\u201d therefore, the Supreme Court, which is composed of these Judges, is \u201c unfit to hold the balance of justice,\u201d and will, oh occasion, yield to temptation in favor of a fellow partizan.\nIf you hurt the head, or arm, or leg\u2019, or limb, or member, or any part of the body, you hurt the man. And the idea of an intention to injure the character of the Justices who compose the Supreme Court,'singly or en masse, without an intention to injure the Court, is simply ridiculous.\nThe only allegation of fact on which this \u201c solemn protest \u201d rests, is that \" the Judges, single or en masse, did rush into-the mad contest of politics, under the excitement of drums and flags.\u201d\n.Is this allegation of fact true, or is it false ? There is no pretence that it is true. It is said, this is a figure of speech,, suggested by something that was expected to occur, but never did occur ; so the allegation of fact is false, and the inference drawn from it is also false.\nIn our judgment the paper is libellous, and \u201c doth tend to impair the respect due to the authority of the Court.\u201d '\n. Indeed, the learned counsel did not press this point, and were content to take the ground that there was no criminal intent.\nEvery man is presumed to intend the natural consequence of his act. If one wilfully sets fire to his own house, which is so near his neighbor\u2019s house, that if one burns the other must burn also, and both houses are burnt down, the man is guilty of arson- \u2014 the criminal intent is presumed. So, in an indictment for libel, this ground would be untenable, except on proof of insanity.\n\u201cHI. And for further answer this Eespondent says, that said paper was conceived and prepared during the recent political canvass for the Presidency, and its publication deferred until after the close of the canvass, .to avoid its having the appearance of a partizan document. ' He admits that his purpose was to express his diapprobation of the conduct of individuals occupying high judicial stations, yet, as an act of justice to himself against the charge made in the rule, he not only disavows, in, signing and publishing said paper, any intention of committing a contempt of the Supreme Court, or of impairing the respect due to its authority, but, on the contrary, he avows his motive to have been to preserve the purity which had ever \u25a0distinguished the administration of justice by the Courts of this State.\u201d\nThe learned counsel then fell back on the ground of a distinction between an indictment for a libel and a rule nisi to \u25a0show cause, and assumed, as a matter of law, that in this case the Respondent having, on oath, disavowed any intention of \u25a0committing a contempt of the Court, or of impairing the respect due to its authority, so as to meet the words of the Rule, it must be discharged. The authorities cited by the learned counsel are conclusive. The law is well settled in this class of cases, where ike intention to injure constitutes the gravamen.\nThe Rule 1'ests on sound reason. In this proceeding, as the Court is judge in its own case in the first instance, where a case is made out in the judgment of the Court, the party in the last instance is allowed to try himself. His intention is locked within his own breast, is known to himself alone, and he is permitted to purge himself by his own avowal. He cannot be convicted, if he is innocent, as.he may be by false evidence, before ajmy. For the Court does not try him, he tries himself.\u201d C. J. Wilmot\u2019s Opinion, 257-8, referred to on the trial of Judge Peck, 507. If the party, after the Court decides against him, declines to try himself, it must be because he knows him-sdf to be gwilty.\nIt affords every member of the Court pleasure that the Respondent did not decline to make a sufficient disavowal on oath. We agree with the learned counsel that this disavowal meets the words of the rule; but we must say, it seems to us in ,bad taste to have introduced the expression, \u201che admits that his purpose was to express his disapprobation of the conduct of individuals occupying high judicial stations.\u201d\nThis is so vague that the Court is unable to give to it a positive meaning; and yet, it seems to imply that in taking the oatb tbe Respondent meant something which he hesitated to express, lest it might be taken to neutralize the legal effect of his disavowal. The concluding words of the oath are enough .to express the purpose which the Respondent avows he had in> view, and the vague words referred to may be treated as sur-plusage. This presented the only difficulty to coming instantly to our conclusion, that the disavowal is sufficient.\nWe concur with his counsel in according to Mr. Moore high encomium for his ability, legal learning, integrity, devotion to the Constitution, unwavering love of the Union, and .hitherto most consistent and influential support of the judicial tribunals of his country.\nThe motion to discharge the Rule is allowed, on payment of costs, a case having, in the judgment of the Court, been made against the Respondent, so as to call for a disavowal on, his part. It is proper that he should pay the costs. He is not acquitted, but is excused.\nPer Curiam. ' \u25a0 Rule discharged.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Pearson, C. J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "In the matter of B. F. MOORE, Esq., THOMAS BRAGG, Esq., E. G. HAYWOOD, Esq., and others.\nA \u2018Court has power to require members of its Bar to purge themselves from a charge of contempt incurred by their publishing, over then names, in a newspaper, libellous matter, directly tending to impair the respect due to its members.\nFor such persons, under such circumstances, to state that the Judges of the Supreme Court singly or en masse, moved from iked becoming propriety, so indispensable to secure ike respect of ike people, and throwing aside the ermine, rushed into the mad contest of politics, under the excitement of drums and flags, if admitted to be untrue, is libellous; and, especially when connected with an inference expressly and immediately drawn in the same paper that such judges will yield to every temptation to serve their fellow partizans and are unfit to hold the balance of justice, directly tends to impair the respect due to the members of such court.\nIn a rule to show cause why a person shall not be punished for contempt, the actual intention of the respondent is material, in which respect it differs from an indictment for the like offence ; therefore, where the respondent meets the words of the rule by disavowing upon oath any intention of committing a contempt of the Court, or of impairing the respect due to its authority, the rule must he discharged.\nWhere a party is excused, not acquitted, under a rule, &c., he will be required to pay the costs of such rule.\nProceedings for Contempt of Court.\nUpon Monday the 19th day of April 1869, the following article appeared in tbe columns of the Daily Sentind, a newspaper published in Raleigh: ,\n\u201c A SOLEMN PROTEST OP THE BAR OP NORTH CAROLINA AGAINST judicial INTERFERENCE IN POLITICAL AFFAIRS.\nThe undersigned, present or former members of the bar of North Carolina, have witnessed the late public demonstrations of political partisanship, by the Judges of the Supreme Court of the State, with profound regret and unfeigned alarm for the purity of the future administration of the laws of the land.\nActive and open participation in the strife of political contests by any Judge of the State, so far as we recollect, or tradition or history has informed us, was unknown to the people until the late exhibitions. To say that these were ' wholly unexpected, and that a prediction of them, by the wisest among us would have been spurned as incredible, would not express half of our astonishment, or the painful shock suffered by our feelings when we saw the humiliating fact accomplished.\nNot only did we not anticipate it, but we thought it was impossible to be done in our day. Many of us have passed through political times almost as excited as those of to-day; and most of us, recently, through one more excited; but, never before have we seen the Judges of the Supreme Court, singly or en masse, moved from that becoming propriety so indispensable to secure the respect of the people, and, throwing aside the ermine, rush into the mad contest of politics under the excitement of drums and flags. From the unerring lessons of the past we are assured, that a Judge who openly and publicly displays his political party zeal, renders himself unfit to hold the \u201c balance of justice,\u201d and that whenever an occasion may offer to serve his fellow-partizans, he will yield to the temptation, and the \u201c wavering balance \u201d will shake.' \u2022\nIt is a natural weakness in man, that he, who warmly and publicly identifies himself with a political party, will be tempted to uphold the party which upholds him, and all experience teaches \u25a0us that a partizan Judge cannot be safely trusted to settle the great principles of a political constitution, while he reads and studies the book of its laws under the banners of a party.\nUnwilling that our silence should be construed into an indifference to the humiliating spectacle now passing around us; influenced solely by a spirit of love and veneration for the past purity, which has distinguished the administration of the law in our State, and animated by the hope that the voice of the bar of North Carolina will not be powerless to avert the pernicious example, which we have denounced, and to repress its contagious influence, we have under a sense of solemn duty subscribed and published this paper:\nB. P. Moore,\nA. S. Merrimon,\nE. J. Warren,\nJohn Kekr,\nE. G. Haywood,\nJos. B. Batchelor,\nG. Y. Strong, Thomas Bragg,\nSpier Whitaker, Jr., E. T. Branch,\nWm. A. Kerr, Thomas'N. Hill,\nT. J. Sparrow, Bich\u2019d Watt York, George Wortham,\nG. W. Blount,\nJohn H. Thorpe,\nB. H. Bunn,\nSamuel T. Williams, A. M. Moore,\nO. A. Coke,\nAbner J. Williams, T. E. Skinner, Willis Bagley,\nEdward Hall,\nZ. B. Yance, William T. Dortch, F: B. Satterthwaite, Ed. Conigland,\nJos. J. Davis,\nAsa Biggs, .\nS. C. Latham,\nC. M. Cooke,\nWm. F. Green,\nJ. T. Littlejohn,\nM. Y. Lanier,\nJno. W. Hays,\nT. B. Yenable,\nJ. S. Amis,\nL. C. Edwards,\nWm. K. Barham,\nE. H. Plummer,\nWm. A. Jenkins,\nW. A. Montgomery, C. W. Spruill,\nR. B. Watt,\nJno. H. Dillard,\nT. Ruffin, Jr.,\nThos. H. Gilliam,\nThos. J.. Jaryis,\nMills L. Eure,\nJohN Gatling,\nH. A. Gilliam,\nG. H. Gregory,\nJ. Edwin Moore,\nWm. E. Martin,\nE. B. Withers,\nJ. E. Boyd,\nG. M. Whiting,\nC. M. Busbee,\nH. W. Husted,\nJ. W. Sharp,\nHenry E. Bryan,\nAlex. Justice,\nW. D. W. Steyenson,\nJohn Hughes,\nW. J. Rasbury,\nJohn W. Dunham,\nJas. S. Woodard,\nHugh E. Murray,\nJ. E. Shepherd,\nGeo. W. Whitfield,\nJ. W. Lancaster,\nEd. C. Yellowley,\nThos. J. Hadley,\nJoh\u00f1 S. Harris,\nSion H. Rogers,\nWm. Eaton, Jr.,\nA. M. Scales,\nA. J. Boyd,\nJ. I. Scales,\nR. H. Ward,\nJ. T. Morehead, Jr.,\nM. S. Robbins,\nM. McGeheb,\nJames A. Graham,\nGeo. N. Thompson,\nSaml. P. Hill,\nL. R. Waddell,\nR. J. Lewis,\nE. S. Parker,\nJ. H. Abell,\nL. W. Humphrey,\nS. Galloway,.\nW. G. Morrissey,\nWm. Robinson,\nStephen W. Isler,\nE. S. Wooten,\nJ. W. Edmondson,\nJ. E. Wooten,\nE. C. Roberts,\nJohn N. Washington,,\nCharles C. Clark,\nE. A. Osborne,\nJohn E. Brown,\nA. Burwell,\nLoyerd Eldridge,\nC. B. Sanders.\nUpon the second day of the present term (Tuesday, June 8th, 1869) the following Order was made by the Court:\n\u201c The Court being informed of a certain libellous publication directly tending to impair the respect due to the authority of the Court, which appeared in the Sentinel, a newspaper published in Raleigh, on the 19th of April 1869, and is headed A solemn protest of the Bar of North Carolina \u201d &c., and purporting to be signed by certain attorneys of this Court; the Clerk is hereby ordered to inquire and report to the Court which of the persons whose names appear to be signed to said publication, are attorneys practicing in this Court.\u201d\nThereupon the Clerk reported the following names as those of gentlemen who, as appeared by the records of the Court, were practicing attorneys therein, viz:\nB. E. Moore, Thomas Brags, E. G-. Haywood, Sioj\u00bb H. Rogers, Jos. B. Batchelor, A. S. Merrimon, H. A. G-illiam, E. J. Warren, Joseph J. Davis, William A. Jenkins, C. M. Busbee, William Eaton, Jr., W. K. Barham, Asa Biggs, Ed. Coningland, T. J. Jarvis, George Y. Strong, C. C. Clark, J. F. Wooten, W. T. Dortch, John Hughes, T. B. Venable, R. W. York, John Kerr and Z. B. Vance.\nUpon the return of the Clerk\u2019s report, the Court ordered that the attorneys named therein should be \u201c disabled from hereafter appearing as- attorneys and counsellors in the Court, unless they shall severally appear .on Tuesday, June 15th 1869, and show cause to the contrary 5\u201d and further ordered, that a copy of the order should be served upon the parties referred to.\nThis rule, by direction of the Court, was in the first instance, served (June 9th 1869) upon Messrs Moore, Bragg and Haywood only. Upon its return, the Court made the following remarks:"
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