{
  "id": 8681166,
  "name": "THE STATE v. JACK JOSEY",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Josey",
  "decision_date": "1870-01",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "56",
  "last_page": "59",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "64 N.C. 56"
    }
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  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C.",
    "id": 9292,
    "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [
    {
      "cite": "28 Ala. 693",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Ala.",
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        8497157
      ],
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    {
      "cite": "24 Pick. 366",
      "category": "reporters:state",
      "reporter": "Pick.",
      "case_ids": [
        2069284
      ],
      "opinion_index": -1,
      "case_paths": [
        "/mass/41/0366-01"
      ]
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:28:35.890237+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "THE STATE v. JACK JOSEY."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Settle, J.\n\u201cHis Honor charged the jury that the burden of proof to show the guilt of the prisoner was upon the State; but that when the State had made out a prima fade case, and the prisoner attempted to set up an alibi, the burden of proof was shifted, and that if the defence failed to establish the alibi to the satisfaction of the jury, they must find the prisoner guilty.\u201d\nThis is the entire charge, as contained in the record sent to tMs Court. There is nothing by which the Court can see> how a case of any sort was made out, and the charge is so' worded as completely to break down the presumption of innocence which exists in every case, and shift the burden of proof to the defendant.\nBut taking it that a pri/ma facie case had been established\u2019 by some kind of evidence, direct or circumstantial, we are of the opinion that the law does not warrant the charge. The defendant was entitled to have the whole case left to the jury upon the evidence on both sides, and although he may have failed in folly satisfying the jury as to the truth of his defence, still any doubt that his evidence may have raised in their minds, might assist other circumstances in removing the prima facie case. Indeed a slight doubt raised by his evidence, may have been sufficient before the jury, aided by the legal presumption of innocence, to rebut the primia facie case; for a jury is bound to acquit, unless from all the evidence every reasonable doubt is removed. What was the defendant required to do by this charge! \u2014 to establish as a fact, by evidence, to the satisfaction of the jury, that he was in another place at the time the offence was committed, and therefore not guilty.\nEvidence that would raise a doubt, or even render it probable that he was not guilty, would not suffice, for he must prove it to the satisfaction of the jury. Had he shown that another person, with the inclination to steal, had also had the opportunity, he would not have met the requirements of the charge, for it would not prove that he was innocent, although the jury might think that it was highly probable that the other person had committed the offence.\nBest, in his treatise on presumptions, 47 Law Lib. 160, in commenting on the rule that \u201c the onus of proving everything essential to the establishment of the charge against the accused, lies on the prosecutor,\u201d says that \u201c it is in general, sufficient to prove a primia facie case;\u201d but we are not to understand from this, that the making out of a pri/ma facie case necessarily or ordinarily changes the burden of proof. This is not like a charge of murder, in which, says Foster, \u201cthe fact of killing being first proved, all the circumstances of accident, necessity or infirmity are to be satisfactorily proved by the prisoner, unless they arise out of the evidence produced against him; for the law presnmeth the fact to have been founded in malice, until the contrary ap-peareth.\u201d ' \u2018 .\nIn cases where the defendant relies upon some distinct' ground of defence not necessarily connected with the transaction on which the indictment is founded, such for instance, as insanity, the burden of proof as to the insanity, is shifted upon the defendant. And so it'may be in cases where the defendant relies' upon some fact peculiarly within his own knowledge; but the general rule is otherwise.\n\u201cAn unsuccessful attempt to establish an alibi\u201d says. Wills, Cir. Ev., 41 Law Lib. 51, \u201cis always a circumstance of great weight against a prisoner, &c.,\u201d but this is stated as a fact which we all know to be true, and not as a rule of law to be charged by a Court. The party accused need not establish his innocence; it is for the State to prove his guilt,, before it is entitled to a verdict.\nPee Curiam. , Venire de novo\u201e",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Settle, J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Walter Clark, for the appellant.",
      "Attorn&g-Ceneral, contra."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "THE STATE v. JACK JOSEY.\nHi an indictment for crime, tiie defendant, ordinarily, is entitled to have the whole case left to the jury upon the evidence cm, both sides, and if, upon a consideration of aU such evidence, every reasonable doubt be not removed, the jury should acquit.\nTherefore, in a case of larceny, an instruction to the jury \u201cthat the burden of proof to show the guilt of the prisoner, is upon the State ; but that when the State has made out a prima facie case, and the prisoner attempts to set up an alibi, the burden of proof is shifted, and if the defence fail to establish the alibi to the satisfaction of the jury, they must find the prisoner guilty,\u201d is erroneous.\nThe rule is otherwise where the question is as to malice in cases of homicide ; and also, generally, where the defendant relies upon some distinct ground of defence not necessarily connected with the transaction on which the indictment is founded, ex. gr. insanity ; and it may be so as to matters of defence peculiarly within the knowledge of the defendant.\nLarceny, tried before Watts, J., at Eall term 1869, of H AT.TEAX Court.\nThe defence was an alibi, sought to he set up through two witnesses.\nTTis Honor instructed the jury that the burden of proof to show the guilt of the prisoner, was upon the State. But, when the State had made out a prima fade case, and the prisoner attempted to set up an alibi, the burden of proof was shifted, and if the defence failed to establish the aMbi to the satisfaction of the jury, they must find the prisoner guilty.\nVerdict, Guilty; Rule, &c; Judgment, and appeal.\nWalter Clark, for the appellant.\nIn a criminal case, the establishment of a prima fade case only, does not take away the presumption of the defendant\u2019s innocence, or shift the burden of proof: The Commoivwealth y. Kimball, 24 Pick. 366; Ogletree y. The State, 28 Ala. 693; People y. Wingate, 5 Oal. 127.\nAttorn&g-Ceneral, contra.\nAlthough in criminal cases the establishment of a prima fade case only, does not take away the presumption of innocence, or shift the burden of proof; yet upon principle,there is a peculiar effect to be attributed to an attempt to defend by showing an alibi, which warrants the ruling of the Court below."
  },
  "file_name": "0056-01",
  "first_page_order": 80,
  "last_page_order": 83
}