{
  "id": 8683308,
  "name": "THE STATE v. E. J. KREBS and G. F. KIMBALL",
  "name_abbreviation": "State v. Krebs",
  "decision_date": "1870-06",
  "docket_number": "",
  "first_page": "604",
  "last_page": "606",
  "citations": [
    {
      "type": "official",
      "cite": "64 N.C. 604"
    }
  ],
  "court": {
    "name_abbreviation": "N.C.",
    "id": 9292,
    "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina"
  },
  "jurisdiction": {
    "id": 5,
    "name_long": "North Carolina",
    "name": "N.C."
  },
  "cites_to": [],
  "analysis": {
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    "ocr_confidence": 0.386,
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    "simhash": "1:0e9917b5c08e945c",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:28:35.890237+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
    "batch": "2018"
  },
  "casebody": {
    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "THE STATE v. E. J. KREBS and G. F. KIMBALL."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "Peakson, O. J.\nIt is an indictable offence, punished with fine and imprisonment, \u201c to expose or set to sale any house, land or goods,\u201d &c., by means of a lottery: Bev. Code, ch. 34, sec. 69.\nThe charter of the \u201cNorth Carolina Beal and Personal Estate Agency has,\u201d among others, this provision: \u201c And the said Agency shall have the right and power to sell and dispose of any real or personal property placed in their hands for sale, in any mode or manner the Agency shall deem host Private acts of 1868-\u20199, ch. 42, (p. 59.)\nTaking the act of incorporation by itself, the words are broad enough to authorize the Company to sell property by means of a lottery, and to establish agencies for that purpose in every county in the State.\nWithout room for doubt the General Assembly had power to confer this exclusive privilege upon the \u201cNorth Carolina Eeal and Personal Estate Agency,\u201d if in its wisdom it was deemed promo'tive of the public good; and I dare say the draftsman of the bill, and probably many of the members who voted for it, intended to authorize the \u201c Agency \u201d to use \u201clotteries\u201d as a means of disposing of property.\nBut that is not the question. The question is, do the words in the act of incorporation confer the privilege of selling or disposing of property by lottery, taking the act of incorporation in connection with the law of the land, and construing it by the precise rules of law, and the rules of construction established by the decisions of the Courts.\n1. On principle: By the, general law lotteries are prohibited, and any person using a lottery as the means of disposing of property, is subject to fine and imprisonment. When therefore it is said that the General Assembly confers on the \u201cNorth Carolina Eeal and Personal Estate Agency\u201d the exclusive privilege of violating the law of the land, it is reasonable for the Courts to require that this intention should be expressed in plain and positive words, and if general words only are used, it will be taken as of course that a privilege conferred by a private act of the General Assembly, is subject to, and restricted by the general law. It would, be indecent for the Court to suppose that the members of the General Assembly meant to confer this privilege, and resorted to general words because of the fear of their con-.stituents, and of public opinion. If it was tbe intention to confer on this Company tbe exclusive privilege of selling and \u25a0disposing of property l- by means of lotteries,\u201d it was so easy to say so in plain words, that tbe Court cannot give tbis effect to general words, without by implication supposing that tbe General Assembly used general words covertly, that is, in plain English, on purpose to confer a franchise to sell property by lottery, and did not say \u201c lottery \u201d for fear of shocking tbe moral sense of tbe community.\n2. On authority: In regard to the construction of charters like tbis, see R. & G. R. R. Co. v. Reid, ante 155, and tbe cases referred to by Cooley on Constitutional Limitations, 395.\n3. On tbe whole \u00f3ur conclusion is, that general words in an act of incorporation do not authorize tbe Company to do acts which by tbe public law are indictable; plain and positive words are necessary to confer such a privilege.\nIt is a wonder that so great a nuisance should have been tolerated .by tbe public' authority for so long a time. Tbe .general repealing clause in tbe charter has no effect, inasmuch as tbe enacting clause, by tbe construction put on it, does not confer tbe privilege.\nThere is no error.\nTbis will be certified to tbe end that tbe Judge of tbe Superior Court may pronounce sentence, &c.\nPee Cueiam. No error.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "Peakson, O. J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Strange and Phillips & Merrimon, for the appellants.",
      "Attorney-General, contra."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "THE STATE v. E. J. KREBS and G. F. KIMBALL.\nGeneral words in. an act of incorporation, do not authorize the Company to do acts which by the public law are indictable; plain and positive words are necessary to convey such a privilege ; therefore the charter of \u201cthe North Carolina Beal and Personal Estate Agency,\u201d in providing-that \u201cthe said agency shall have the right and power to sell and dispose of any real or personal property placed in their hands for sale, in any mode or manner the agency shall deem best,\u201d (Private acts of 1868-\u2019$ c. 42,) did not authorize the Agency to sell property by means of a lottery.)\n(Raleigh & Gaston R. R. Co. v. Reid, ante 155, cited and approved.)\nIndictment for promoting, &c., a lottery, tried before Bussell, J., at Spring Term 1870, of New Hanoyee Court.\nThe defendants claimed a right to sell and dispose of personal and real property, among other ways, by lottery, under the private act of 1868-\u20199, c. 42, which chartered the North Carolina Beal and Personal Estate Agency; and the question was, whether such authority was given therein. The clause relied upon is given in the Opinion.\nHis Honor was of opinion that it was not.\nVerdict and Judgment accordingly; and Appeal by the defendants.\nStrange and Phillips & Merrimon, for the appellants.\nAttorney-General, contra."
  },
  "file_name": "0604-01",
  "first_page_order": 628,
  "last_page_order": 630
}