{ "id": 8686988, "name": "STATE v. SHEPPARD JOHNSON", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Johnson", "decision_date": "1876-06", "docket_number": "", "first_page": "123", "last_page": "126", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "75 N.C. 123" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.C.", "id": 9292, "name": "Supreme Court of North Carolina" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 5, "name_long": "North Carolina", "name": "N.C." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "11 Ired., 140", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ired.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "6 Ired., 425", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ired.", "case_ids": [ 11275456 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/28/0425-01" ] }, { "cite": "13 Ired., 203", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ired.", "case_ids": [ 11274598 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nc/35/0203-01" ] }, { "cite": "11 Ired., 140", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ired.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "6 Ired., 425", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ired.", "case_ids": [ 11275456 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/28/0425-01" ] }, { "cite": "13 Ired., 203", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ired.", "case_ids": [ 11274598 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nc/35/0203-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 430, "char_count": 7544, "ocr_confidence": 0.48, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.2001413522417604e-07, "percentile": 0.9132536298448288 }, "sha256": "61f2012a242801c52be97a1dff62fac8db74d5ab7cb4401be6b673dd85d2c35a", "simhash": "1:5ff187f2d2bafef5", "word_count": 1336 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T18:17:21.962704+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [], "parties": [ "STATE v. SHEPPARD JOHNSON." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "Pearson, C. J.\nSince the establishment of the penitentiary offences against the public are divided into three classes: 1. Offences that are punished by hanging. 2. Of-fences that are punished by confinement in the penitentiary. 3. Offences that are punished by fine or imprisonment in the County jail, or both.\nIf on a trial for an offence of the first class the Judge directs a mistrial, he is required to find the facts and his action is the subject of review in this Court, a practice based on the sacred principle of the common law \u2014 no man shall be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb. The word \u201c limb \u201d having reference-to the barbarous punishment, which has now become obsolete, of striking off the hand. Coke Litt., 227 ; 3 Inst., 110:\nOn a trial for an offence of the other two classes, the discretion of the presiding Judge is not the subject of review, and, as in trials of civil actions, he assumes the responsibility of making a mistrial whenever he believes it proper to do so in furtherance of justice. State v. Weaver, 13 Ired., 203 ; Brady v. Beason, 6 Ired., 425.\nIn State v. Williams, 11 Ired., 140, it is said: \u201cThe jury should be satisfied that the prisoner was guilty in one of the modes well charged ; and if so, it was manifestly of no consequence whether the conviction was on anyone or all of these counts, since the offences were of the same grade and the punishment the same. The instruction might relieve the jury of some trouble in their investigation, but could work no prejudice to the prisoner.\u201d\nIt is clear our case does not come within that principle, for the offences charged in the two counts are not of the same grade, and the punishment is not the same: so upon a general verdict \u201c the record \u201d does not enable the Court to know upon which count, in other words, for which offence, the prisoner should be sentenced, and no judgment can be given without inconsistency and error apparent upon the face of the record.\nBy the act of 1868 \u201c stealing a horse \u201d is made both as to the principle and the accessor before the fact, subject to much severer punishment than ordinary larcenies, (see.Bat. Rev., chap. 32, see. 17,) while the offence of receiving a horse knowing it to have been stolen is left as before. The Judge in passing sentence would feel it to be his duty, in order to observe the grade of punishment, to be more severe in punishing \u201c horse stealing \u201d than in receiving a stolen horse ; hut the record does not inform him of which one of these two distinct offences the prisoner is convicted. During the war actual horse stealing grew into alarming proportions. This crime was \u201c a survival of the war \u201d and the act of 1868 was passed to remedy the evil by increasing the punishment. The evil was so great in the western part of the State that a bill was offered in the General Assembly to make \u201c horse stealing \u201d a capital crime. It may admit of question whether, construing the act in reference to the evil intended to be remedied, it can be made to embiace constructive horse stealing, that is, obtaining a horse with the consent of the owner by means of a forged order, or other fraudulent contrivance, as distinguished from actual horse stealing, that is, taking and carrying away a horse without the consent of the owner. However this may be, the offence certainly comes within the words and the meaning of the act, (Bat. Rev., chap. 32, sec. 66,) making it a misdemeanor to obtain possession of property by means of any forged or counterfeit paper, &c., with intent to defraud the owner, &c. This embraces a horse as well as any other chattel. There is an apparent incongruity in making the same act amount to \u201c horse stealing \u201d under the highly penal act of 1868, or to a misdemeanor, at the discretion of the Solicitor who draws the bill. This may account for the reluctance of two juries to convict for the crime of \u201c horse stealing.\u201d\nThis suggestion is made for the consideration of the Solicitor, in case he shall consider it to be his duty to prosecute the matter any further after the arrest of judgment.\nIn State v. Bailey, 73 N. C. Rep., 70, where there was a general verdict upon two counts, it is assumed in the opinion that one of the counts was bad, and the question is not discussed.\nIn State v. Wise, 66 N. C. Rep., 120, it did not appear by the record proper, to-wit; the bill of indictment, plea, issue and verdict, whether the prisoner was convicted under the Act of 1869, which punishes the crime of arson by imprisonment in the penitentiary, or under the Act of 1871, w'hich punishes the crime by hanging.\nFor this error the judgment is reversed, and the Court takes no notice of the fact set out in \u201c the statement of the-case,\u201d that tbe crime was committed in August, 1871, after the Act of 1771 had gone into effect, on the ground that \u201cthe Court must be informed judicially, by the record, under which of these two statutes the prisoner is convicted, before it can proceed to judgment?\u201d Error, apparent on the face of the record, cannot be cured by a statement of the Judge. So, in our case the error, apparent on the face of the record, is not cured, because his Honor sets out the fact that \u201c on the trial no evidence was offered bearing upon the second count.\u201d Upon motion in arrest of judgment, as upon demurrers and writs of error, the Court is confined to what is apparent on the face of the record. This is familiar learning, which applies both to the civil and criminal side of the docket. A statement of the case from the Judge\u2019s notes is only relevant to motions for a venire de novo and the like.\nThere is error. Judgment reversed. This opinion will be certified, to the end that proceedings may be had agreeable to law.\nPer Curiam. Judgment reversed.", "type": "majority", "author": "Pearson, C. J." } ], "attorneys": [ "Attorney General Hargrove and Bailey, for the State.", "Starbuck and Tourgee, for the prisoner." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "STATE v. SHEPPARD JOHNSON.\nA general verdict of \u201c Guilty\u201d upon an indictment containing two counts, one for stealing a horse, and the other for receiving a liorse, knowing the same to have been stolen, is error, and entitles the prisoner to a venire de novo.\n{State v. Weaver, 13 Ired., 203; and Brady v. Beason, 6 Ired., 425, cited and approved. State v. Williams, 11 Ired., 140; State v. Bailey, 73 N. C. Rep., 70; and State v. Wise, 66 N. R. Rep., 120, cited, distinguished from this, and approved.)\nINDICTMENT, for Larceny and receiving stolen goods, tried before Cloud, J., at Spring Term, 1876, of Forsyth Superior Court.\nAt the preceding term, the defendant was put upon trial upon the same bill of indictment, and the jury failing to agree upon a verdict, his Honor ordered a juror to he withdrawn and a mistrial entered, and remanded the prisoner.\nWhen the case was called for trial at Spring Term, 1876, the counsel for the prisoner insisted that he could not again he put upon trial for this offence, and moved the Court to discharge the prisoner. The motion was overruled and the defendant pleaded \u201c not guilty \u201d generally.\nThe jury rendered a verdict of \u201c guilty,\u201d and thereupon' the prisoner moved the Court to arrest the judgment upon the ground that the bill of indictment contained two counts charging different offences with different punishments, to-wit: the first count charging the larceny of a horse, and the second charging the prisoner with receiving a horse, knowing him to have been stolen, and that the jury had returned a verdict of guilty generally.\nThe motion was overruled by the Court and judgment of imprisonment in the State penitentiary pronounced.\nThe prisoner appealed.\nAttorney General Hargrove and Bailey, for the State.\nStarbuck and Tourgee, for the prisoner." }, "file_name": "0123-01", "first_page_order": 131, "last_page_order": 134 }