{
  "id": 8690772,
  "name": "WILEY E. JOHNSON v. WILLIAM F. HENDERSON",
  "name_abbreviation": "Johnson v. Henderson",
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  "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:21:57.000998+00:00",
  "provenance": {
    "date_added": "2019-08-29",
    "source": "Harvard",
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    "judges": [],
    "parties": [
      "WILEY E. JOHNSON v. WILLIAM F. HENDERSON."
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    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "\"Bynum, J.\nThis is an action brought, upon a certificate of 'deposit, given by the Greensboro Mutual Life Insurance and 'Trust Company to one Shoup in i861, which was by him endorsed to the defendant, and by the, defendant to Douthit& Bompany, and by them was endorsed to the plaintiff. It \u2022certifies that Shoup had deposited with the Company three hundred and fifty dollars to be paid to him on ten days notice, \u201cin current funds,\u201d on the return of the certificate.\nIt seems to be settled now,\u2019 after many conflicting decisions, that certificates of deposit are negotiable, token expressed in negotiable words, and that the transfer of them is governed -by the same rules which .control other promissory notes, and that the liability o'f the endorser is the same as upon the endorsement of any other promissory note. But in order to make a certificate of deposit negotiable, it must have the same certainty as to parties, time and mode of payment, as bills and notes ; and the same causes which would make bills and notes unnegotiable, will make a certificate of deposit unnegotiable. 2 Daniel on Negotiable Instruments, 604-6.\n. To constitute a bill of exchange or promissory note negotiable the jiromise must be to pay in money. And unless the instrument on .its face affords every element to fix its value such a paper is only a special contract and not a negotiable hill or -note. Accordingly it has been held in this State that where the instrument was a \u201cpromise to pay ~W. W. L. or order the sum of $1.400, in bank stock or lawful money of the United States,\u201d it was not negotiable, so as to enable the as-signee to sue in bis own name. Alexander v. Oaks, 2 D. & B. 513. Tbe decision is put upon the ground that the promise was not to pay money absolutely, and bank stock was not regarded as cash. So a promise to pay \u201cin current notes of the State of North Carolina,\u201d is insufficient to make the instrument negotiable. Warren v. Brown, 64 N. C. 381. So a bond to pay money \u00abnJelothe a hired slave is not negotiable. Sutton v. Carter, 65 N. C. 123 ; Knight v. Wil. & Man. R. R. Co. 1 Jones, 357.\nIt is held in. our sister States that notes payable in \u201ccurrent bank bills,\u201d in \"office bank notes,\u201d in \"current bank notes,\u201d in \u2018 current funds,\u201d are not negotiable. McCormick v. Trotter, 10 Sergt. & R. 94 ; Wharton v. Morris, 1 Dallas, 124 ; Simpson v. Meneden, 3 Cold. 429 ; Little v. Ph\u0153nix Bank, 2 Hill, 425 ; Cornwell v. Pumphrey, 9 Ind. 135 ; there are many decisions contradictory to these cited, but the weight of authority and the most approved writers on commercial law,1 sustain the decisions of this Court that the note should express simply that it is payable in dollars which have a certain and well fixed signification in law. 1 Dan\u2019l. on Negotiable Instruments, 44-6, where the authorities on both sides are collected.\nHad the certificate of deposit been made payable in \u201clegal tender notes,\u201d it would probably be held to be negotiable, since Congress has declared and the Supreme Court of the United States held that Treasury notes shall be a legal tender in discharge of debts. But since that kiw and decision it has been held that a note payable in \u201ccurrency,\u201d which is . precisely our case, does not mean legal tender currency and is not negotiable. Huse v. Hamblin, 29 Iowa; 1 Daniel, 44.\nThe certificate of deposit therefore not being negotiable the endorsement of the defendant could communicate no title to his endorsee. Even if the position of the counsel of the plaintiff is conceded, to-wit; that the endorsement of the defendant on an unnegotiable instrument made him a guar-autor, it cannot be pretended that the guaranty is negotiable when the certificate of deposit is not. The guaranty therefore could extend only to Douthit & Company and not to iheir endorsee, the plaintiff. There is high authority, it is . time, that the endorsement of a hon-negotiable note should be considered as a guaranty as otherwise it is meaningless. 2 Daniel Nego. Inst. 652-6. But it is unnecessary to consider the .question here as for the reasons already given its benefits cannot extend to the plaintiff who is the assignee of the defendant\u2019s assignee.\nThe plaintiff the ultimate holder of the certificate stands in the. shoes of Shoup the first holder and his only remedy , is against the corporation which issued the certificate of deposit. \u2022\nThe view we have taken of the case renders it unnecessary to consider the other points raised and argued as to notice, demand and the statute of limitations.\nThere is no error.\n\u25a0 Per Cumam. Judgment affirmed.",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "\"Bynum, J."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Mr. W. H. Bailey, for plaintiff!",
      "Mr. J. M. McCoride, for defendant."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "WILEY E. JOHNSON v. WILLIAM F. HENDERSON.\nContract \u2014 Negotiable Instrument -- Certificate of Deposit.\n1. A certificate of deposit, when expressed in negotiable words, is negotiable and subject to the same rules that control other negotiable-paper.\n2. To constitute a negotiable instrument, the promise must be to pay in-money ; Therefore, where a certificate of deposit given to A and payable \u201cin current funds,\u201d came to B.by several endorsements; Held, in an action by B against an intermediate endorser, that B was not entitled to recover.\n3. In such case B stands in the shoes of A, and his only remedy is against, the person who issued the certificate.\nCivil Action tried at Fall Term, 1876, of Davidson Superior Court, before Cloud, J.\nThe action was brought on, a Certificate of Deposit, the-material part of which is as follows : \u201cThis is to certify that Johu E. Shoup has deposited in the Greensboro Mutual Life Insurance and Trust Company three hundred and fifty dollars which will be paid to him on ten days notice with interest, &c. in current funds on the return of this certificate.\u201d' Dated at Greensboro, Dec. 17, 1861. Upon this certificate-there wore sundry endorsements as stated in the opinion of.\" this Court.\nHis Honor wa3 of opinion tbat the plaintiff could not re-over-and directed a non-suit, from which judgment the plaintiff appealed.\nMr. W. H. Bailey, for plaintiff!\nMr. J. M. McCoride, for defendant."
  },
  "file_name": "0227-01",
  "first_page_order": 239,
  "last_page_order": 242
}