#### STATE v. J. C. PICKENS.

Indictment — Disposing of Mortgaged Property.

An indictment for disposing of mortgaged property under the act of 1873-"74, oh. 81. is fatally defective, if it fails to set forth the manner of disposition, and the name of the person receiving it in case of a transfer of possession.

(State v. Angel, 7 Ire. 27; Johnson's case 1 Dev. 360; Stamey's, 71 N. C. 202, cited and approved.)

INDICTMENT for a Misdemeanor tried at Spring Term, 1878,. of Buncombe Superior Court, before Cloud, J.

The defendant was indicted in the following words: The jurors &c. present that J. C. Pickens &c. executed to one G~ A. Crooker a chattel mortgage (conveying certain personal' *653property) to secure the payment of a note &c., and-after the execution of the same, and while it was in force, said Pickens ■did sell and‘dispose of a'part of the property (naming it) embraced in said mortgage, without the consent and against the will of said Crooker, with intent to hinder, delay and •defeat the rights of said Crooker under said mortgage, .against the form of the statute &c. The jury found the defendant guilty, and on motion the Court arrested judgment, .and Gudger, Solicitor for the State, appealed.

Attorney General, for the State.

Mr. J. H. Merrimon, for the defendant.

Faircloth, J.

The act of 1873, ’74, ch.‘ 31, makes it a •misdemeanor to “ make any disposition” of any personal property' embraced in a chattel mortgage then in force with intent &c. The bill in this case alleges that defendant did ■“sell and dispose of” such property with intent &c, without .alleging to whom he sold it or in what manner he disposed of it, and on this ground he moves in arrest of judgment. 'The objection is fatal to the action. The statute is in very ibroad terms and probably goes beyond the meaning of the legislature, and it is proper in a criminal proceeding under ■.such a statute that' the bill of indictment should point with reasonable certainty to the alleged offence. The purpose of ■.such particularity is to identify the particular fact, or transaction on which the indictment is founded so that the ac-cused may have the benefit of an acquittal or conviction if accused a second time. State v. Angel, 7 Ire. 27. It will be noticed that the word “ sell ” is not employed in the statute and may be put out of the question, except so far as it might be one of the modes of disposing of the property as is here alleged. If however that be the particular offence intended to be prosecuted, it is necessary to allege to whom the property was sold for the reasons above stated. It has been *654ruled that a prosecution for selling spiritous liquors unlawfully must set forth the name of the person to whom the liquor was sold, also the name of the slave to whom liquor was sold, or with whom a white man played cards. State v. Stamey, 71 N. C. 202, and cases there cited.

The matter therefore stands on the words “shall make any disposition of,” &c: These words taken literally would be worse than a drag net, and taken with reference to the-subject at hand they might mean disposition, by removing from the county, concealing, selling, or by actual consumption of such as were fit for food, &c. The defendant would have to guard too many points, not knowing from which-the attack would come. As a general rule it is sufficient,, to describe a statutory offence in the words of the statute. It may also be described by words clearly of the same legal' import, although they may not be the same words. When all the words of the statute are used in the indictment it can seldom happen that the same words ought to or can be received in a different sense in the two instruments. It is certain they are intended to mean the same, but in a few instances the Courts have established some exceptions. A statute may be so inaccurately drawn that its words extend beyond the sense and meaning of the legislature or they may fail to express the whole meaning it had. In such cases the indictment must aver such other facts and circumstances as will bring the matter within the statute, that is, it must use such words as the legislature would have used, had its precise meaning been expressed. An instance is found in State v. Johnson, 1 Dev. 360, where it was held that besides charging in the words of the act that the prisoner being on board the'vessel, concealed the slave therein, the indictment should have charged a connexion between the prisoner and the vessel, as that he was a mariner belonging to her, because that was the true construction of the act-So when a statute uses ' a generic term it may be necessary *655to state in the indictment the particular species in respect-to which the crime is charged, as upon a statute for killing or stealing “ cattle ” an indictment using that word only would be insufficient; it ought to set forth the kind of cattle. Rex v. Chalkeley, R. & R. 258. Upon these principles we think the indictment insufficient.

No error. Judgment affirmed..