{ "id": 4240868, "name": "MARSHALL RICHEY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. HAMMOND CONSERVANCY DISTRICT, Defendant-Appellee", "name_abbreviation": "Richey v. Hammond Conservancy District", "decision_date": "2015-01-28", "docket_number": "Docket No. 32,847", "first_page": "611", "last_page": "619", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "2015-NMCA-043" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.M. Ct. 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"char_count": 24563, "ocr_confidence": 0.791, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.03580807328026e-08, "percentile": 0.14083890605205168 }, "sha256": "0f70cdec9f7367ea54a2eb63c953242f21c53f378020c1c9c22bcf00af4e34d1", "simhash": "1:dd8cf124b0cd1ff7", "word_count": 3859 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:10:55.229683+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "M. MONICA ZAMORA, Judge", "MICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge", "RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge" ], "parties": [ "MARSHALL RICHEY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. HAMMOND CONSERVANCY DISTRICT, Defendant-Appellee." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "OPINION\nZAMORA, Judge.\nThe Opinion filed on October 15, 2014 is withdrawn, and the following Opinion is substituted in its place. ,\nPlaintiff, Marshall Richey, appeals from the district court\u2019s grant of Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss'for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted pursuant to Rule 1-012(B)(6) NMRA. Plaintiff contends that the district court erred in concluding that the facts alleged in his amended complaint failed to state a claim within the exclusivity exception to the New Mexico Workers\u2019 Compensation Act (the Act), as recognized in Delgado v. Phelps Dodge Chino, Inc., 2001-NMSC-034, 131 N.M. 272, 34 P.3d 1148. We hold that the allegations in the amended complaint are sufficient to satisfy Rule 1-012(B)(6). We therefore reverse and remand for further proceedings.\nBACKGROUND\nPlaintiff was injured while working for Hammond Conservancy District (Defendant), and filed a personal injury claim pursuant to Delgado. Plaintiff pleaded the following facts in his amended complaint. In 2010, Plaintiff worked for Employee Connections, Inc., as a temporary worker. On October 18, 2010, Employee Connections \u201cloaned\u201d Plaintiff to Hammond Conservancy District (Defendant) as a temporary worker. At Defendant\u2019s direction, Plaintiff used a small-diameter, short-nozzle, high-pressure water hose to clean culverts used for flood control. Prior to that date, several workers, including Plaintiff, had advised Defendant that the hose was very difficult to control and had reported \u201cnear misses of serious injury and death.\u201d The workers, including Plaintiff, warned Defendant that injury from using the hose to clean out culverts was \u201ccertain to result.\u201d In spite of the workers\u2019 protests and over Plaintiffs objections, Defendant directed Plaintiff to use the hose to clean the culvert. The hose \u201cfailed to prevent the loss of control\u201d and, as a result, water from the high-pressure hose was \u201cinjected directly into . . . Plaintiff,\u201d causing severe injuries,\nPlaintiff alleged that Defendant knew the assigned task was virtually certain to cause injury or death and that compelling him to perform the task in spite of the numerous employee complaints and objections was egregious. Plaintiff also alleged that Defendant\u2019s egregious conduct was the direct, natural, and proximate cause of his injuries.\nDefendant moved to dismiss pursuant to Rule 1-012(B)(6), arguing that Plaintiffs claims were barred by the exclusivity provisions of the Act and claiming governmental immunity under the Tort Claims Act, NMSA 1978, \u00a7\u00a7 41-1-1 to -30 (1976, as amended through 2013). Plaintiff moved to stay Defendant\u2019s Rule 1-012(B)(6) motion pending discovery. The district court held a hearing on Plaintiffs motion to stay, and Plaintiff was permitted to amend his complaint. The parties completed briefing on Defendant\u2019s motion to dismiss. After conducting a hearing on the motion, the district court dismissed Plaintiffs claims with prejudice pursuant to Rule 1-012(B)(6). This appeal followed.\nDISCUSSION\nThe fundamental question presented in this appeal is whether Plaintiffs amended complaint included facts sufficient to state a claim under Delgado. To resolve this question, it is necessary to first examine the evolution of New Mexico\u2019s intentional conduct exception to Worker\u2019s Compensation exclusivity.\nThe Intentional Conduct Exception to Worker\u2019s Compensation Exclusivity\nThe purpose of the Act\u2019s exclusivity provision is to achieve balance between injured workers\u2019 need for compensation and employers\u2019 need to limit liability for work-related injuries. Coates v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 1999-NMSC-013, \u00b6 24, 127 N.M. 47, 976 P.2d 999. However, the Act\u2019s exclusivity does not preclude claims against employers that intentionally inflict injury upon workers. Id.\nPrior to our Supreme Court\u2019s decision in Delgado in 2001, worker injuries were only compensable outside the Act if the injured worker could demonstrate the employer\u2019s actual intent to injure the worker. See Coleman v. Eddy Potash, Inc., 1995-NMSC-063, \u00b6 26, 120 N.M. 645, 905 P.2d 185, overruled by Delgado, 2001-NMSC-034, \u00b6 23 n.3; see also Flores v. Danfelser, 1999-NMCA-091, \u00b6 17, 127 N.M. 571, 985 P.2d 173, overruled by Delgado, 2001-NMSC-034, \u00b6 23 n.3; Johnson Controls World Servs., Inc. v. Barnes, 1993-NMCA-004, \u00b6 12, 115 N.M. 116, 847 P.2d 761, overruled by Delgado, 2001-NMSC-034, \u00b6 23 n.3; Maestas v. El Paso Natural Gas Co., 1990-NMCA-092, \u00b6 9, 110 N.M. 609, 798 P.2d 210, overruled by Delgado, 2001-NMSC-034, \u00b6 23 n.3; Gallegos v. Chastain, 1981-NMCA-014, \u00b6 5, 95 N.M. 551, 624 P.2d 60, overruled by Delgado, 2001-NMSC-034, \u00b6 23 n.3; Sanford v. Presto Mfg. Co., 1979-NMCA-059, \u00b6 14, 92 N.M. 746, 594 P.2d 1202, overruled by Delgado, 2001-NMSC-034, \u00b6 23 n.3. Our courts adopted this actual intent test from Professor Larson\u2019s treatise, 6 Arthur Larson & Lex K. Larson, Larson\u2019s Workers' Compensation Law \u00a7 103.03 (2000). Delgado, 2001-NMSC-034, \u00b6 16.\nDelgado\nIn 2001, our Supreme Court decided Delgado, which changed the law by broadening the exclusivity exception. Padilla v. Wall Colmonoy Corp., 2006-NMCA-137, \u00b6 9, 140 N.M. 630, 145 P.3d 110. In Delgado, the worker was ordered by his supervisor to remove a fifteen-foot iron cauldron brimming over with molten slag, without shutting down a furnace or otherwise correcting an especially dangerous emergency \u201crunaway\u201d condition that caused additional slag to continue flowing. 2001-NMSC-034, \u00b6 4. Although the worker protested the orders, and informed the supervisor that he was not qualified or competent to perform the removal because he had never operated a kress-haul (a special truck for removing the cauldron) alone under such conditions, the supervisor insisted he proceed. Id. \u00b6 5. The worker \u201cemerged from the smoke-filled tunnel, fully engulfed in flames,\u201d suffering third-degree burns over his entire body. Id. He later died of his injuries. Id.\nThe Court examined the actual intent test, and rejected it as unbalanced in favor of employers. See id. \u00b6 23 (\u201cUnder the actual intent test, a single standard of culpability, namely willfulness, will prevent a worker from benefitting from the Act while preserving the corresponding benefits for the employer. This bias violates the explicit mandate of Section 52-5-1, which demands the equal treatment of workers and employers.\u201d) In order to address the egregious conduct of the employer in that case, and to restore balance and equality to the Act, the Supreme Court set forth a new test for determining when conduct falls outside the scope of the Act:\n[Wjillfulness renders a worker\u2019s injury non-accidental, and therefore outside the scope of the Act, when: (1) the worker or employer engages in an intentional act or omission, without just cause or excuse, that is reasonably expected to result in the injury suffered by the worker; (2) the worker or employer expects the intentional act or omission to result in the injury, or has utterly disregarded the consequences; and (3) the intentional act or omission proximately causes the injury.\nDelgado, 2001-NMSC-034, \u00b6\u00b6 23, 24, 26.\nThe first element of the Delgado test looks at \u201cwhether a reasonable person would expect the injury suffered by the worker to flow from the intentional act or omission.\u201d Id. '\u00b6 27. The second element \u201crequires an examination of the subjective state of mind of the worker or employer.\u201d Id. \u00b6 28. This element is satisfied when the worker or employer either failed to consider the consequences of the intentional act or omission, or considered the consequences and expected the injury to occur. Id. This element is not satisfied where \u201cthe worker or employer considered the consequences and negligently failed to expect the worker\u2019s injury to be among them.\u201d Id. Finally, the third element requires proximate cause. Id. \u00b6 29.\nMorales\nIn Morales v. Reynolds, 2004-NMCA-098, 136 N.M. 280, 97 P.3d 612, this Court consolidated and decided the first two cases involving Delgado claims reaching us after the Delgado decision. Morales, 2004-NMCA-093, \u00b6\u00b6 1,10. The Morales case was an appeal from a district court\u2019s grant 'of summary judgment in favor of the employer. Id. \u00b6 3. The Fernandez case appealed a district court\u2019s dismissal for failure to state a claim. M \u00b6 5.\nOur focus in Morales was on \u201cthe procedural and evidentiary requirements a plaintiff must meet in order to overcome a motion to dismiss or for summary judgment.\u201d Dominguez v. Perovich Props., Inc., 2005-NMCA-050, \u00b6 16, 137 N.M. 401, 111 P.3d 721. To determine whether the workers\u2019 claims met the Delgado requirements as a matter of law, we considered the type of employer conduct Delgado sought to deter. Morales, 2004-NMCA-098, \u00b6 10.\nBecause the Delgado Court did not elaborate on the type of employer conduct that would render a worker\u2019s injury compensable under the new test, we looked to the facts of that case for guidance. Morales, 2004-NMCA-098, \u00b6 9. We determined that the Delgado decision stemmed from \u201ca combination of deadly conditions, profit-motivated disregard for easily implemented safety measures, complete lack of worker training or preparation, and outright denial of assistance to a worker in a terrifying situation.\u201d Morales, 2004-NMCA-098, \u00b6 10.\nWe concluded Delgado plaintiffs \u201cmust plead or present evidence that the employer met each of the three Delgado elements through actions that exemplify a comparable degree of egregiousness as the employer in Delgado in order to survive a pretrial dispositive motion.\u201d Morales, 2004-NMCA-098, \u00b6 14. We compared this threshold determination of egregiousness to the requirement in intentional infliction of emotional distress (IIED) cases, where \u201cwe require the court to determine as a matter of law whether conduct reasonably may be regarded as so extreme and outrageous that it will permit recovery}.]\u201d Id. \u00b6 15 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).\nThe purpose for a threshold determination of egregiousness in Delgado cases was to \u201cpreserve the bargain of the Act in a meaningful way.\u201d Morales, 2004-NMCA-098, \u00b6 16. Our concern was that \u201c[ejxposing employers to the costs of litigating a full trial on the merits of every case in which a worker alleges some wilful conduct or claims that safety was ignored due to profit motive would deprive employers of their benefit from the Act\u2019s bargain.\u201d Id. Even unsuccessful claims, we reasoned, \u201cwould be a significant drain on an employer\u2019s financial resources if all questions of employer intent, no matter how slight, were sent to a jury.\u201d Id.\nHolding that both the Morales and the Fernandez plaintiffs failed to satisfy the threshold determination of egregious employer conduct, as well as the requirements of Delgado, we affirmed the district courts\u2019 decisions in both cases. Morales, 2004-NMCA-098, \u00b6 1.\nSalazar I and Salazar II\nIn 2005, this Court addressed the question of whether the receipt of Worker\u2019s Compensation benefits precludes an injured worker from filing a Delgado claim. Salazar v. Torres, 2005-NMCA-127, \u00b6 1, 138 N.M. 510, 122 P.3d 1279 (Salazar I), rev\u2019d in part, 2007-NMSC-019, 141 N.M. 559, 158 P.3d 449 {Salazar II). In Salazar I, the employer instructed the worker to start a truck by pouring gasoline into the truck\u2019s carburetor. 2005-NMCA-127, \u00b6 2. While the worker was still pouring the gasoline, the employer instructed the worker\u2019s son to start the truck\u2019s ignition. Id. The engine ignited the gasoline and the worker was severely burned. Id.\nThe worker received Worker\u2019s Compensation benefits, and entered into a settlement which included a lump-sum payment for permanent partial disability as well as future medical benefits. Id. \u00b6\u00b6 3, 31 (Pickard, J., specially concurring in part and dissenting in part). The worker subsequently filed a claim for damages, pursuant to Delgado. Salazar I, 2005-NMCA-127, \u00b6 3. The employer moved for summary judgment and the worker responded. Id. Then, \u201cfor the first time in its reply to the response, [the employer] contended that [the w]orker\u2019s version of the facts, even if true, would not rise to the level of egregiousness sufficient to support a Delgado claim.\u201d Salazar I, 2005-NMCA-127, \u00b6 3. Summary judgment was granted without an explanation of the district court\u2019s reasoning. Id.\nA divided panel reversed the district court\u2019s grant of summary judgment. Id. \u00b6\u00b6 1, 30. The majority noted that in many cases, injured workers, faced with medical bills and an inability to work, will not be \u201cin a financial position to wait out a lengthy, expensive and risky court proceeding to be compensated for the injury, due to the problems of pressing medical bills, and often the inability to work.\u201d Id. \u00b6 11 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). As a result, the majority concluded that \u201cto consider the receipt of benefits a forfeiture of [a worker\u2019s] right to pursue the employer in the courts would not only be harsh and unjust, it would also frustrate the laudable purposes of the Act.\u201d Id. (alteration, internal quotation marks, and citation omitted).\nAddressing the employer\u2019s argument that the worker\u2019s allegations, even if true, would not satisfy the required elements of a Delgado claim, the majority held that:\nWorker\u2019s complaint tracks the language of Delgado verbatim in so far as alleging the mental state on [the e]mployer\u2019s part, and [the e]mployer never submitted an affidavit in contesting these allegations. Our law simply requires notice pleading, and without any motion for summary judgment supported by [the ejmployer\u2019s own affidavit regarding willfulness, we hold that [the wjorker\u2019s allegations tracking the language of Delgado were sufficient to withstand what was tantamount to a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim.\nSalazar I, 2005-NMCA-127, \u00b6 27 (emphasis added) (citation omitted).\nA special concurrence and dissent took issue with the majority\u2019s holdings related to both the pleading standard and receipt of benefits for Delgado claims. Salazar I, 2005-NMCA-127, \u00b6\u00b6 36, 37 (Pickard, J., specially concurring in part and dissenting in part). As to the issue of benefits, the dissent expressed concern that by allowing employees to sue in tort after accepting compensation, the majority was disrupting the Act\u2019s balance of interests. See id. \u00b6 34 (Pickard, J., dissenting) (\u201c[T]he Act represents a bargain between employers and workers pursuant to which each gives up rights and obligations in return for some other benefit. The Act balances a worker\u2019s need for expeditious payment of benefits and an employer\u2019s need to limit liability. In [the dissenting Judge\u2019s] view, the majority tips this balance entirely to the side of the worker}.]\u201d (citation omitted)). .\nThe special concurrence advocated for a more stringent pleading standard in cases involving Delgado claims, stating:\nOur most recent cases of Dominguez and Morales have required a level of egregiousness of employer behavior comparable to that found in Delgado.\nSo as not to require employers to litigate in circumstances where a worker cannot establish the requisite Delgado willfulness at the time of the filing of the complaint, I would adopt a pleading requirement in Delgado cases that requires workers to plead sufficient facts demonstrating that the standard is met or be subject to dismissal for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.\nSalazar I, 2005-NMCA-127, \u00b6 38 (Pickard, J., specially concurring),\nOur Supreme Court granted certiorari to resolve the question of \u201cwhether and when a worker can receive benefits under the Act without compromising a potential intentional tort action under Delgado.\u201d Salazar II, 2007-NMSC-019, \u00b6 4. \u201cBased on the clear intent of the Act,\u201d the Court held that when a worker suffers a work-related injury, and \u201cquestions whether the injury was intentionally inflicted by the employer,\u201d the worker may collect benefits under the Act, \u201cwhile pursuing an intentional tort action under Delgado.\u201d Salazar II, 2007-NMSC-019, \u00b6 1. However, the Court also concluded that when a worker enters into a final settlement of the claim in exchange for a lump-sum payment of indemnity benefits, the worker is then precluded from pursuing a Delgado claim. Salazar II, 2007-NMSC-019, \u00b6 1. Because the worker in that case had received a lump-sum payment, representing full settlement of his claim, the Court reversed Salazar I. Salazar II, 2007-NMSC-019, \u00b6 1. Notably, Salazar II did not reverse the majority\u2019s holding in Salazar I as to the pleading standard for Delgado claims. Salazar II, 2007-NMSC-019, \u00b6\u00b6 4, 30.\nThe Present Case\nStandard of Review\nWe review motions to dismiss a complaint for failure to state a claim under Rule 1-012(B)(6) de novo. Healthsource, Inc. v. X-Ray Assocs. of N.M., 2005-NMCA-097, \u00b6 16, 138 N.M. 70, 116 P.3d 861. In considering a motion to dismiss, we test \u201cthe legal sufficiency of the complaint, not the factual allegations of the pleadings which, for purposes of ruling on the motion, the court must accept as true.\u201d Herrera v. Quality Pontiac, 2003-NMSC-018, \u00b6 2, 134 N.M. 43, 73 P.3d 181 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Accepting all well-pleaded factual allegations in the complaint as true, we \u201cresolve all doubts in favor of sufficiency of the complaint.\u201d Delfino v. Griffo, 2011-NMSC-015, \u00b6 9, 150 N.M. 97, 257 P.3d 917 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Dismissal under Rule 1-012(B)(6) is appropriate only where the non-moving party is \u201cnot entitled to recover under any theory of the facts alleged in their complaint.\u201d Delfino, 2011-NMSC-015, \u00b6 12 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).\nDefendant argues that Plaintiffs amended complaint is legally insufficient to state a Delgado claim because Plaintiff failed to allege Defendant\u2019s subjective intent, and because Plaintiffs allegations do not satisfy the threshold determination of egregiousness required for Delgado claims. Defendant also argues that an employer\u2019s failure to take safety measures does not meet Une Delgado standard.\nDefendant correctly states that the absence of safety measures generally will not give rise to a Delgado claim. See May v. DCP Midstream, L.P., 2010-NMCA-087, \u00b6 13, 148 N.M. 595, 241 P.3d 193 (\u201cThe absence of safety measures by itself demonstrates neither intent nor an inherent probability of injury, and we believe the Supreme Court in Delgado intended more than the disregard of preventative \u25a0 safety devices when contemplating an exception to the Wdrkers\u2019 Compensation Act.\u201d); see also Dominguez, 2005-NMCA-050, \u00b6 22 (holding that an employer\u2019s appalling disregard for safety requirements designed to help prevent injury and death on the job does not equate to an employer \u201cspecifically and wilfully causfing] the [worker] to enter harm\u2019s way, facing virtually certain serious injury or death, as contemplated under Delgado\u201d). However, we are not convinced that Plaintiff is alleging a general failure by Defendant to provide safe equipment or take safety precautions.\nPlaintiffs allegations are that Defendant was notified that the specific equipment Plaintiff was required to use was dangerous and had nearly caused serious injuries to several employees; that Defendant required Plaintiff to use the equipment in spite of this knowledge and over his objections; and that as a result, Plaintiff was severely injured using the equipment. Under Morales, the \u201ccritical measure\u201d for Delgado claims is \u201cwhether the employer has, in a specific dangerous circumstance, required the [worker] \u25a0to perform a task where the employer is or should clearly be aware that there is a substantial likelihood the [worker] will suffer injury or death by performing the task.\u201d Dominguez, 2005-NMCA-050, \u00b6 22; see May, 2010-NMCA-087, \u00b6 13.\nTaking the allegations in Plaintiffs amended complaint as true, and construing them in a light most favorable to the complaint\u2019s sufficiency, we conclude that Plaintiffs allegations were sufficient to state a claim under Delgado. See Salazar I, 2005-NMCA-127, \u00b6 27 (holding that \u201c[the wjorker\u2019s allegations tracking the language of Delgado were sufficient to withstand what was tantamount to a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim\u201d).\nTo the extent that Defendant argues that under Morales the Rule 12(B)(6) analysis for Delgado claims is different than the analysis typically applied to Rule (12)(B)(6) motions, we are not persuaded. As Salazar I recognized, New Mexico is a notice pleading state. Madrid v. Vill. of Chama, 2012-NMCA-071, \u00b6 17, 283 P.3d 871. We do not require \u201c[district] courts to consider the merits of a plaintiffs allegations when deciding a motion to dismiss[.]\u201d Id. Rather, we require \u201conly that the plaintiff allege facts sufficient to put the defendant on notice of his claims.\u201d Id.\\ see Zamora v. St. Vincent Hosp., 2014-NMSC-035, \u00b6\u00b6 1, 10, 335 P.3d 243 (reaffirming \u201cNew Mexico\u2019s longstanding commitment to the nontechnical fair notice requirements\u201d); see also Rule 1-008(A)(2) (stating that a claim for relief shall contain \u201ca short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief\u2019).\nIn Salazar I, 2005-NMCA-127, \u00b6 27, we held that the notice pleading standard is applicable in cases involving Delgado claims, and our holding as to that issue was not reversed by Salazar II, 2007-NMSC-019, \u00b6 4. We also note that the special concurrence in Salazar I proposed adopting a heightened pleading standard for Delgado claims, indicating that Morales had not already done so. Salazar I, 2005-NMCA-127, \u00b6 38. Moreover, applying the notice pleading standard to Delgado claims is consistent with the policy and philosophy of the Act as discussed in Salazar II:\nDelgado established a high threshold of culpability that should eliminate many claims before trial. In light of this high threshold, injured workers must be afforded a reasonable time to investigate, including pre-trial discovery, whether they have a sustainable Delgado claim. It may not be until the summary judgment stage, or even trial, that a worker has the answer.\nSalazar II, 2007-NMSC-019, \u00b6 14 (citations omitted).\nSalazar II also addressed the concern expressed in Salazar I\u2019s dissent, that employers may be required to litigate in circumstances where the requisite Delgado willfulness is not established in the complaint:\nWe acknowledge that under our holding here, employers who pay compensationbenefits may, in some cases, also have to pay legal fees to defend an intentional tort action under Delgado. Even if the worker\u2019s Delgado claim is ultimately dismissed, the employer will never recover the cost of those legal fees. However, the Act does not insulate employers from such contingencies. As noted above, the [Ljegislature intended to protect employers from negligence actions for accidental injury, not actions for intentional tort. Accordingly, an employer is protected from having to defend negligence lawsuits, but not against the expense of lawsuits grounded in intentional or willful behavior. We observe that in some instances, perhaps most, prudent employers have the ability to anticipate and plan for the possibility of paying future attorney fees to defend against Delgado claims. [The wjorkers, on the other hand, can rarely plan for injuries inflicted by the willful misconduct of their employers.\nSalazar II, 2007-NMSC-019, \u00b6 22 (citation omitted).\nDefendant\u2019s Governmental Immunity Defense\nIn its motion to dismiss, Defendant claims that because it is a statutorily created conservancy district, it is an arm of the State and enjoys immunity under the Tort Claims Act. Plaintiff argues that immunity was waived pursuant to NMSA 1978, \u00a7 41-4-6 (2007). The district court found that Defendant\u2019s Rule 1-012(B)(6) motion to dismiss was well taken, and ordered that Plaintiffs complaint be dismissed with prejudice pursuant to Rule 1-012(B)(6). Because the district court did not reach the issue of governmental immunity, we leave it for determination on remand.\nCONCLUSION\nFor the foregoing reasons, we reverse and remand for further proceedings.\nIT IS SO ORDERED.\nM. MONICA ZAMORA, Judge\nWE CONCUR:\nMICHAEL D. BUSTAMANTE, Judge\nRODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge\nJudge Pickard authored Morales and also wrote the dissenting opinion in Salazar I.", "type": "majority", "author": "ZAMORA, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Alexander A. Wold, P.C. Alexander A. Wold, Jr. Albuquerque, NM for Appellant", "Miller Stratvert, P.A. Timothy R. Briggs Luke A. Salganek Albuquerque, NM for Appellee" ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO\nOpinion Number: 2015-NMCA-043\nFiling Date: January 28, 2015\nDocket No. 32,847\nMARSHALL RICHEY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. HAMMOND CONSERVANCY DISTRICT, Defendant-Appellee.\nAlexander A. Wold, P.C. Alexander A. Wold, Jr. Albuquerque, NM for Appellant\nMiller Stratvert, P.A. Timothy R. Briggs Luke A. Salganek Albuquerque, NM for Appellee" }, "file_name": "0611-01", "first_page_order": 627, "last_page_order": 635 }