{ "id": 4363104, "name": "CHARLES WOOD, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. THE CITY OF ALAMOGORDO and SAM TRUJILLO, Defendant-Appellees", "name_abbreviation": "Wood v. City of Alamogordo", "decision_date": "2015-02-24", "docket_number": "Docket No. 33,554", "first_page": "43", "last_page": "49", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "2015-NMCA-059" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.M. Ct. App.", "id": 9025, "name": "Court of Appeals of New Mexico" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 52, "name_long": "New Mexico", "name": "N.M." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "1997-NMSC-006", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMSC", "case_ids": [ 322282 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00b6 23" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/122/0777-01" ] }, { "cite": "475 U.S. 469", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6204596 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "471", "parenthetical": "internal quotation marks and citation omitted" }, { "page": "480-81" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/475/0469-01" ] }, { "cite": "2008-NMCA-053", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMCA", "case_ids": [ 3783911 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00b6 11" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/143/0786-01" ] }, { "cite": "116 N.M. 101", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 727730 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/116/0101-01" ] }, { "cite": "1993-NMSC-049", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMSC", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00b6 14" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "451 U.S. 527", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6188807 ], "year": 1981, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "541-44" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/451/0527-01" ] }, { "cite": "813 F.2d 709", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1689773 ], "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "714-16", "parenthetical": "holding that, even if allegations of bias and conspiracy on the part of the decisionmaker were true, \"the state cannot be expected to anticipate such unauthorized and corrupt conduct\" (citing Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S. 527, 541-44 (1981)" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/813/0709-01" ] }, { "cite": "849 F.2d 1004", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 12036918 ], "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1005", "parenthetical": "holding that procedural due process in the employment termination context does not require a neutral and impartial decisionmaker at the pre-termination hearing, but only a right of reply before the official responsible for the discharge" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/849/1004-01" ] }, { "cite": "951 F.2d 182", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 10520799 ], "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "184", "parenthetical": "\"[F]ailure to provide an impartial decisionmaker at the pre[-]termination stage, of itself, does not create liability, so long as the decisionmaker at the post-termination hearing is impartial.\"" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/951/0182-01" ] }, { "cite": "59 F.3d 446", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.3d", "case_ids": [ 179422 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1995, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "460" }, { "page": "460" }, { "page": "460" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f3d/59/0446-01" ] }, { "cite": "20 F.3d 1550", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.3d", "case_ids": [ 10515634, 10515590 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "1562" }, { "parenthetical": "alterations in original" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f3d/20/1550-02", "/f3d/20/1550-01" ] }, { "cite": "115 N.M. 622", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 725416 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/115/0622-01" ] }, { "cite": "1993-NMSC-035", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMSC", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00b6 15" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "92 N.M. 414", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1557099 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/92/0414-01" ] }, { "cite": "1979-NMSC-005", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMSC", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "1999-NMCA-073", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMCA", "case_ids": [ 257599 ], "weight": 4, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00b6 8" }, { "page": "\u00b6 8" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/127/0478-01" ] }, { "cite": "1999-NMSC-043", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMSC", "case_ids": [ 106517 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00b6 18" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/128/0328-01" ] }, { "cite": "331 P.3d 923", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.3d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "2014-NMCERT-007", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMCERT", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "331 P.3d 942", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.3d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "2014-NMCA-078", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMCA", "case_ids": [ 4239628 ], "weight": 3, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00b6 21" }, { "page": "\u00b6 21" }, { "page": "\u00b6 21" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm-app/6/0425-01" ] }, { "cite": "2010-NMSC-035", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMSC", "case_ids": [ 4246569 ], "weight": 4, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00b6 10" }, { "page": "\u00b6 11" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/148/0713-01" ] }, { "cite": "115 N.M. 159", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 725436 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/115/0159-01" ] }, { "cite": "1993-NMCA-008", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMCA", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00b6 10" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "1998-NMSC-046", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMSC", "case_ids": [ 827320 ], "weight": 4, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00b6 6" }, { "page": "\u00b6 6" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/126/0396-01" ] }, { "cite": "42 U.S.C. \u00a7 1983", "category": "laws:leg_statute", "reporter": "U.S.C.", "weight": 4, "year": 2013, "opinion_index": 0 } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 895, "char_count": 18304, "ocr_confidence": 0.767, "pagerank": { "raw": 4.03580807328026e-08, "percentile": 0.14880095326020937 }, "sha256": "81f5566edb5d3c53b393240fd29376f945776ffb30330951b28a77f548fddd2e", "simhash": "1:9191af371ad22beb", "word_count": 2884 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:13:54.428467+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "RODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge", "WE CONCUR:", "CYNTHIA A. FRY, Judge", "LINDA M. VANZI, Judge" ], "parties": [ "CHARLES WOOD, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. THE CITY OF ALAMOGORDO and SAM TRUJILLO, Defendant-Appellees." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "OPINION\nKENNEDY, Judge.\n{1} Plaintiff Charles Wood appeals the district court\u2019s order granting summary judgment dismissing his claims against the City of Alamogordo and Sam Trujillo (collectively, Defendants) for violation of his procedural due process rights under both the United States and New Mexico Constitutions. Wood asserts that the existence of bias in pretermination and post-termination procedures violated his right to due process. We conclude as a matter of law that an employee is not entitled to a non-biased, pre-termination decisionmaker. And, to the extent that Wood asserts post-termination bias, we conclude that he failed to establish sufficient material facts to support this claim. Accordingly, we affirm.\nI. BACKGROUND\n{2} Wood was employed as Captain of Operations of the Alamogordo Department of Public Safety when he became the subject of domestic abuse allegations. Before he was arrested and while the investigation was ongoing, Wood was advised by Trujillo, the Director of the Alamogordo Department of Public Safety, Wood would be terminated if arrested. Trujillo also informed Wood of the benefits of early retirement versus termination. Wood asserts thatTrujillo told him that Wood \u201chad no chance of winning this\u201d during their discussion of the pre-termination hearing over which Trujillo would preside. Although Wood would have also been entitled to a post-termination appeal heard by the city manager, Wood alleged that Trujillo had remarked to him in the past that Trujillo had the city manager \u201cunder his thumb.\u201d Wood therefore asserts that he elected early retirement before he was either arrested or terminated because exercise of the pre- and post-termination procedures available to him would have been futile.\n{3} Wood filed a complaint, under 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 1983 (2013), against Defendants, claiming they violated his procedural due process rights under the United States and New Mexico Constitutions by failing to provide fair pre- and post-termination procedures and that Defendants violated the Peace Officer\u2019s Employer-Employee Relations Act. The parties stipulated to dismissal of the Peace Officer\u2019s Employer-Employee Relations claim. On the motion for summary judgment, the district court determined that, although Wood could conceivably establish a cause of action based on a combination of the New Mexico Constitution and 42 U.S.C. 1983\u2019s grant of remedies for a violation of constitutional rights, he failed to do so in this case. The district court granted summary judgment in favor of Defendants, ruling that Trujillo was entitled to qualified immunity because he was acting in his official capacity and because Wood failed to show that Trujillo violated clearly established law. The district court also ruled there was no genuine issue of material fact as to a violation by the City of Wood\u2019s procedural due process rights. This appeal followed.\nII. DISCUSSION\n{4} On appeal, Wood contends that the district court erred by (1) determining that Wood had not demonstrated a violation of clearly established law with respect to Trujillo, and (2) concluding that Wood had not presented sufficient material facts to demonstrate a violation of his procedural due process rights by the City. We begin by setting out the standards relevant to our review of Wood\u2019s claims and then turn to address these arguments.\nA. Standard of Review and Applicable Law\n{5} \u201cSummary judgment is appropriate where there are no genuine issues of material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.\u201d Self v. United Parcel Serv., Inc., 1998-NMSC-046, \u00b6 6, 126 N.M. 396, 970 P.2d 582; see Rule 1-056(C) NMRA. We review a district court\u2019s grant of summary judgment de novo. Self, 1998-NMSC-046, \u00b6 6.\n{6} The party moving for summary judgment has the burden to make a prima facie showing that no genuine issue of material fact exists. Hyden v. Law Firm of McCormick, Forbes, Caraway & Tabor, 1993-NMCA-008, \u00b6 10, 115 N.M. 159, 848 P.2d 1086. \u201cOnce this prima facie showing has been made, the burden shifts to the nonmovant to [show] the existence of specific evidentiary facts which would require trial on the merits.\u201d Romero v. Philip Morris Inc., 2010-NMSC-035, \u00b6 10, 148 N.M. 713, 242 P.3d 280 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). \u201cThe non-movant may not rely on allegations or speculation, but must come forward with admissible evidence demonstrating a genuine issue requiring trial and also demonstrate that facts allegedly in dispute are material to the claims at issue.\u201d Buke, LLC, v. Cross Country Auto Sales, LLC, 2014-NMCA-078, \u00b6 21, 331 P.3d 942, cert. denied, 2014-NMCERT-007, 331 P.3d 923. \u201cTo determine which facts are material, the court must look to the substantive law governing the dispute^] The inquiry\u2019s focus should be on whether, under substantive law, the fact is necessary to give rise to a claim.\u201d Romero, 2010-NMSC-035, \u00b6 11 (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). Finally, because resolution on the merits is favored, \u201cwe view the facts in a light most favorable to the party opposing the motion and draw all reasonable inferences in support of a trial on the merits[.]\u201d Handmaker v. Henney, 1999-NMSC-043, \u00b6 18, 128 N.M. 328, 992 P.2d 879.\nB. Qualified Immunity, Clearly Established Law, and Trujillo\n{7} We begin by addressing Wood\u2019s argument that the district court erred in concluding he failed to establish that Trujillo violated clearly established law. In order to analyze this issue, we must first discuss the concept of qualified immunity.\n{8} Under 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 1983, a government official performing discretionary functions is entitled to qualified immunity from suit as long as his \u201cconduct [did] not violate clearly established [federal] statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.\u201d Cockrell v. Bd. of Regents of N.M. State Univ., 1999-NMCA-073, \u00b6 8, 127 N.M. 478, 983 P.2d 427 (alterations in original) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted). This Court has previously stated:\n[Qualified immunity \u201cprovides ample protection to all but the plainly incompetent or those who knowingly violate the law.\u201d Put another way, qualified immunity is \u201cthe usual rule,\u201d such that \u201conly in exceptional cases\u201d will governmental actors have no immunity from \u00a7 1983 claims brought against them for money damages in their individual capacities.\nCockrell, 1999-NMCA-073, \u00b6 8 (citations omitted).\n{9} Once qualified immunity is raised, our courts apply a two-part test:\nFirst, a court must look at the undisputed facts and those facts adduced by the party opposing summary judgment to see if there is any evidentiary support for finding a possible violation of law. Second, if the law may have been violated, a court must ask if that law was clearly established at the time of the alleged violation.\nId. \u00b6 9 (citations omitted). Thus, as this Court has previously recognized, \u201c[o]n a summary judgment motion the issue is an essentially legal question whether the conduct of which the plaintiff complains violated clearly established law .\u2019\u2019Id. (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Ultimately, \u201c[a]n official is entitled to qualified immunity on a motion for summary judgment if the right allegedly violated was not so clearly established that an objectively reasonable, similarly situated official would have known that the challenged actions would violate the Constitution.\u201d Id.\n{10} Wood relies on Reid v. New Mexico Board of Examiners of Optometry to argue that Trujillo violated clearly established law and is therefore not entitled to qualified immunity. 1979-NMSC-005, 92 N.M. 414, 589 P.2d 198. In Reid, our Supreme Court reversed a board of examiners\u2019 decision revoking an optometrist\u2019s license to practice because the board failed to disqualify one of its members on the basis of bias. Id. \u00b6\u00b6 1,9. The Supreme Court held that \u201c[w]hen government agencies adjudicate or make binding determinations which directly affect the legal rights of individuals, it is imperative that those agencies use the procedures which have traditionally been associated with the judicial process.\u201d Id. \u00b6 8. Thus, Wood argues that, \u201c[a]t a minimum, a fair and impartial tribunal requires that the trier of fact be disinterested and free from any form of bias or predisposition regarding the outcome of the case\u201d and that Trujillo\u2019s predisposition violated his right to due process. Id. \u00b6 7.\n{11} While Reid emphasizes the importance of fairness in administrative procedures, we note that it addresses procedures in which an ultimate decisionmaker is biased. Id. \u00b6 8. The facts presented by Reid did notrequire our Supreme Court to address the level of procedure required to satisfy due process at a predeprivation stage. See Fernandez v. Farmers Ins. Co. of Ariz., 1993-NMSC-035, \u00b6 15, 115 N.M. 622, 857 P.2d 22 (\u201c[Cjases are not authority for propositions not considered.\u201d (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)). Thus, Reid is distinguishable. Because our case law does not address whether bias by the decisionmaker at the pretermination phase violates procedural due process, we turn to federal law.\n{12} Courts that have addressed this issue have held that procedural due process does not require an unbiased decisionmaker at the initial termination phase. In McKinney v. Pate, 20 F.3d 1550, 1562 (11th Cir. 1994), the Eleventh Circuit held that \u201cdue process is satisfied when the challenger has an opportunity to present his [or her] allegations and to demonstrate the alleged bias.\u201d According to the Eleventh Circuit, \u201c[a] demonstration that the decisionmaker was biased, however, is not tantamount to a demonstration that there has been a denial of procedural due process.\u201d Id. When an employee facing termination \u201clearns of the decisionmaker\u2019s alleged bias prior to or during the proceeding[,] . . . courts usually require that the challenger contemporaneously object to the bias.\u201d Id. The Eleventh Circuit explained:\n[Ujnlike substantive due process violations, procedural due process violations do not become complete unless and until the state refuses to provide due process. More specifically, in the case of an employment termination case, due process [does not] require the state to provide an impartial decisionmaker at the pre-termination hearing. The state is obligated only to make available the means by which [the employee] can receive redress for the deprivations.\nId. (alterations in original) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).\n{13} The Third Circuit recognized that the initial termination decision is usually made by an employee\u2019s direct supervisor or someone working in the same organization as the employee because that person is already familiar with the employee and the situation. McDaniels v. Flick, 59 F.3d 446, 460 (3rd Cir. 1995). \u201c[T]o require that the state ensure an impartial pre[-]termination hearing in every . instance would as a practical matter require that termination decisions initially be made by an outside party rather than the employer as charges of bias always could be made following an in-house discharge.\u201d Id. The Third Circuit reasoned that, while it is not surprising that an individual responsible for the pre-termination decision would be the target for claims of bias, to require pretermination decisions to be made by an outside party would be unduly cumbersome for the employer and may be unreasonably invasive for the employee. Id. Following the decision of the Eleventh Circuit in McKinney, as well as the decisions of the Ninth, Sixth, and Fifth Circuits, the Third Circuit concluded in McDaniels that \u201csuch excessive pre[-]termination precaution is [not] necessary where the state provides a neutral tribunal at the post-termination stage that can resolve charges of improper motives.\u201d McDaniels, 59 F.3d at 460; see Walker v. City of Berkeley, 951 F.2d 182, 184 (9th Cir. 1991) (\u201c[F]ailure to provide an impartial decisionmaker at the pre[-]termination stage, of itself, does not create liability, so long as the decisionmaker at the post-termination hearing is impartial.\u201d); Duchesne v. Williams, 849 F.2d 1004, 1005 (6th Cir. 1988) (holding that procedural due process in the employment termination context does not require a neutral and impartial decisionmaker at the pre-termination hearing, but only a right of reply before the official responsible for the discharge); Schaper v. City of Huntsville, 813 F.2d 709, 714-16 (5th Cir. 1987) (holding that, even if allegations of bias and conspiracy on the part of the decisionmaker were true, \u201cthe state cannot be expected to anticipate such unauthorized and corrupt conduct\u201d (citing Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S. 527, 541-44 (1981)). We agree and hold that due process does not require the state to provide an employee with an impartial decisionmaker at the pre-termination level.\n{14} Viewing Wood\u2019s argument in light of our holding, Trujillo was the person in the best position to know the charges against Wood and whether termination was warranted. Trujillo warned Wood that his failure to give a statement to the investigating agency would result in an arrest, which, in turn, would result in his termination. Trujillo also told Wood that, from what Trujillo knew of the case, there was no way Wood would win an appeal of his termination. Trujillo\u2019s statements appear to explain to Wood the consequences of refusing to give a statement to the investigating agency. Even assuming Wood properly objected that Trujillo was biased, and Trujillo was, in fact, biased, the law is not clearly established that Wood was entitled to an unbiased pre-termination decisionmaker and, for this reason, we affirm the district court.\n{15} We note, however, that case law holding that it is not necessary to guarantee a completely disinterested pre-termination decisionmaker relies on the fact that the employee is given access to a neutral post-termination tribunal that can resolve charges of improper motive. See, e.g., McDaniels, 59 F.3d at 460. We further note that Wood asserts that the city manager\u2019s decision would be tainted or influenced by Trujillo. Specifically, Wood testified in a deposition that Trujillo had made comments that \u201che had the ... [c]ity [mjanager . .. under his thumb.\u201d Wood does not, however, indicate when these statements were made in relation to his termination and provides no other information to support his assertion that the review by the city manager would not be neutral. As we discussed above, the non-movant may not rely on speculation or conclusions to overcome a movant\u2019s prima facie showing. Buke, 2014-NMCA-078, \u00b6 21. In addition, affidavits or depositions containing hearsay are not sufficient evidence of a fact. Seal v. Carlsbad Indep. Sch. Dist., 1993-NMSC-049, \u00b6 14, 116 N.M. 101, 860 P.2d 743. We therefore cannot conclude that Wood established that summary judgment was improper.\nC. Procedural Due Process and the City\n{16} We next turn to Wood\u2019s argument that the district court erred in determining that his procedural due process rights were violated. We understand this portion of Wood\u2019s argument to be directed at the dismissal of his claims against the City.\n{17} To prevail in a 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 1983 claim against a government entity based on conduct of a government official,\na plaintiff must show more than just that the entity\u2019s agent violated the plaintiffs rights; the plaintiff must also demonstrate that the injury to the plaintiff resulted from the execution of a government\u2019s policy or custom, whether made by its lawmakers or by those whose edicts or acts may fairly be said to represent official policy.\nNiederstadt v. Town of Carrizozo, 2008-NMCA-053, \u00b6 11, 143 N.M. 786, 182 P.3d 769 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). In other words, \u201cmunicipal liability under 42 U.S.C. \u00a7 1983 is limited to deprivations of federally protected rights caused by action taken pursuant to official municipal policy of some nature.\u201d Pembaur v. City of Cincinnati, 475 U.S. 469, 471 (1986) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). We note, however, that \u201cmunicipal liability may be imposed for a single decision by municipal policymakers . . . where the decisionmaker possesses final authority to establish municipal policy with respect to the action ordered.\u201d Id. at 480-81.\n{18} Wood has not alleged an injury that resulted from the City\u2019s policy or custom. Moreover, even if we were to assume Trujillo is a policymaker, as we have discussed above, Wood has failed to demonstrate that Trujillo\u2019s actions were unconstitutional. We therefore conclude that Wood has not demonstrated that the district court\u2019s grant of summary judgment in favor of the City was in error.\nIII. CONCLUSION\n{19} For the reasons stated above, we conclude that the district court\u2019s grant of summary judgment was proper. Accordingly, we affirm.\n{20} IT IS SO ORDERED.\nRODERICK T. KENNEDY, Judge\nWE CONCUR:\nCYNTHIA A. FRY, Judge\nLINDA M. VANZI, Judge\nWood does not argue that the New Mexico Constitution should be interpreted to provide greater protection than the federal due process clause provides and concedes that the analysis is the same. We have, therefore, limited our analysis accordingly. See State v. Gomez, 1997-NMSC-006, \u00b6 23, 122 N.M. 777, 932 P.2d 1 (holding that where a state constitutional provision has not been interpreted differently than its federal analog, the party seeking different inteipretation must assert in the district court that the state constitution offers greater protection and must provide reasons in support of a different interpretation).\nWe note that Wood argues all ofhis proffered facts were not accepted as true. To the extent that Wood lists proffered facts that are more akin to conclusions, neither this Court nor the district court is bound by Wood\u2019s characterization of conclusions or speculation as fact. See Buke, 2014-NMCA-078, \u00b6 21.", "type": "majority", "author": "KENNEDY, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "John R. Hakanson, P.C.", "Miguel Garcia", "Alamogordo, NM", "for Appellant", "Brennan & Sullivan, P.A.", "James P. Sullivan", "Christina L.G. Brennan", "Santa Fe, NM", "Robyn Hoffman", "Tijeras, NM", "for Appellees" ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO\nOpinion Number: 2015-NMCA-059\nFiling Date: February 24, 2015\nDocket No. 33,554\nCHARLES WOOD, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. THE CITY OF ALAMOGORDO and SAM TRUJILLO, Defendant-Appellees.\nJohn R. Hakanson, P.C.\nMiguel Garcia\nAlamogordo, NM\nfor Appellant\nBrennan & Sullivan, P.A.\nJames P. Sullivan\nChristina L.G. Brennan\nSanta Fe, NM\nRobyn Hoffman\nTijeras, NM\nfor Appellees" }, "file_name": "0043-01", "first_page_order": 59, "last_page_order": 65 }