{ "id": 711412, "name": "Cecil Dale SHADBOLT, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. SCHNEIDER, INC. and CNA Insurance Companies, Defendants-Appellants", "name_abbreviation": "Shadbolt v. Schneider, Inc.", "decision_date": "1985-08-20", "docket_number": "No. 8069", "first_page": "544", "last_page": "551", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "103 N.M. 544" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "710 P.2d 738" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.M. Ct. App.", "id": 9025, "name": "Court of Appeals of New Mexico" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 52, "name_long": "New Mexico", "name": "N.M." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "102 N.M. 333", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1580168 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/102/0333-01" ] }, { "cite": "93 N.M. 485", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1568654 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/93/0485-01" ] }, { "cite": "103 N.M. 207", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 711289 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/103/0207-01" ] }, { "cite": "102 N.M. 394", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1580240 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/102/0394-01" ] }, { "cite": "85 N.M. 112", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2769768 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/85/0112-01" ] }, { "cite": "102 N.M. 433", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1580030 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/102/0433-01" ] }, { "cite": "97 N.M. 416", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1555068 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/97/0416-01" ] }, { "cite": "87 N.M. 476", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2835488 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1975, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/87/0476-01" ] }, { "cite": "91 N.M. 445", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1571098 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/91/0445-01" ] }, { "cite": "94 N.M. 784", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1573188 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/94/0784-01" ] }, { "cite": "93 N.M. 105", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1568737 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1979, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/93/0105-01" ] }, { "cite": "97 N.M. 111", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1555108 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/97/0111-01" ] }, { "cite": "97 N.M. 616", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1555205 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1982, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/97/0616-01" ] }, { "cite": "48 N.M. 404", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1560839 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1944, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/48/0404-01" ] }, { "cite": "414 So.2d 593", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "So. 2d", "case_ids": [ 9560167, 9560271 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/so2d/414/0593-01", "/so2d/414/0593-02" ] }, { "cite": "228 N.W.2d 205", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.W.2d", "year": 1975, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "394 Mich. 69", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mich.", "case_ids": [ 1938514 ], "year": 1975, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/mich/394/0069-01" ] }, { "cite": "302 N.W.2d 892", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.W.2d", "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "103 Mich.App. 471", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mich. App.", "case_ids": [ 2191815 ], "year": 1981, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/mich-app/103/0471-01" ] }, { "cite": "644 S.W.2d 112", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 9927365 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/sw2d/644/0112-01" ] }, { "cite": "424 N.Y.S.2d 782", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.Y.S.2d", "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "award that compensated worker for two nursing shifts per day at rate applicable to registered nurses and one nursing shift per day at rate applicable to practical nurses affirmed" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "74 A.D.2d 656", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "A.D.2d", "case_ids": [ 3190795, 3193078 ], "year": 1980, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "award that compensated worker for two nursing shifts per day at rate applicable to registered nurses and one nursing shift per day at rate applicable to practical nurses affirmed" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ad2d/74/0656-02", "/ad2d/74/0656-01" ] }, { "cite": "419 So.2d 1005", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "So. 2d", "case_ids": [ 9552424 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/so2d/419/1005-01" ] }, { "cite": "338 N.W.2d 266", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 10672380 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nw2d/338/0266-01" ] }, { "cite": "81 N.M. 236", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 5370903 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/81/0236-01" ] }, { "cite": "76 N.M. 340", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 8502217 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/76/0340-01" ] }, { "cite": "101 N.M. 801", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1586365 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/101/0801-01" ] }, { "cite": "98 N.M. 256", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1582437 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/98/0256-01" ] }, { "cite": "98 N.M. 560", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1582440 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/98/0560-01" ] }, { "cite": "100 N.M. 600", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1588577 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/100/0600-01" ] }, { "cite": "71 N.M. 294", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 5347703 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1963, "pin_cites": [ { "parenthetical": "emotional upset caused heart attack" }, { "parenthetical": "emotional upset caused heart attack" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/71/0294-01" ] }, { "cite": "69 N.M. 464", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2790198 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1962, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/69/0464-01" ] }, { "cite": "83 N.M. 38", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 5340190 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1971, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/83/0038-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1188, "char_count": 24627, "ocr_confidence": 0.782, "pagerank": { "raw": 8.593329734745215e-08, "percentile": 0.48935169579384746 }, "sha256": "805ead46ad65f3f4705ade5bda2ac6428a885edf83f0647e7e9898df31839505", "simhash": "1:9f834e7af0e4530e", "word_count": 3965 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:39:32.898300+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "BIVINS and MINZNER, JJ., concur." ], "parties": [ "Cecil Dale SHADBOLT, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. SCHNEIDER, INC. and CNA Insurance Companies, Defendants-Appellants." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "OPINION\nHENDLEY, Judge.\nPlaintiff, a quadriplegic as a result of a stroke, was awarded total disability benefits, medical expenses, and attorney fees under the Workmen\u2019s Compensation Act. Defendants\u2019 appeal raises the following issues: 1) whether there was substantial evidence to support the trial court\u2019s finding on causation; 2) whether the plaintiff\u2019s injury arose out of his employment; 3) whether the award of medical expenses for the care provided by plaintiff\u2019s wife was excessive; 4) whether the district court erred in making evidentiary findings; 5) whether the district court clerk taxed costs inconsistently with the trial court\u2019s ruling; and 6) whether the attorney fee award was an abuse of discretion. We affirm.\nDefendants challenge the district court\u2019s findings as being unsupported by substantial evidence. We review the evidence in accordance with the appropriate appellate standard regarding substantial evidence. That standard requires us to review the evidence in the light most favorable to support the findings. Duran v. New Jersey Zinc Co., 83 N.M. 38, 487 P.2d 1343 (1971).\nPlaintiff worked as a construction worker at a power plant. He had high blood pressure before he began working for defendant Schneider, Inc. Plaintiff began to experience difficulties at Schneider when McMillan became the foreman. Plaintiff testified that he and McMillan had repeated disagreements over McMillan\u2019s failure to follow safety rules. This testimony was corroborated by the testimony of Labossiere, a co-worker. Plaintiff claimed McMillan rushed the crew; plaintiff and McMillan also argued over the lack of \u201cchokers\u201d on the rigging, the overloading and positioning of cranes, the use of apprentices for tasks \u201cin the air\u201d for which they were inadequately trained, and the failure of McMillan to oversee the work and guard against unsafe situations. Plaintiff confronted McMillan with his concerns and then tried to have something done through the shop steward.\nPlaintiff also testified that he was extremely concerned about the safety situation because he had seen others killed in this type of work. About one and one-half weeks after McMillan became foreman, plaintiff started to have headaches. These headaches followed incidents where he became angry or upset at work. On one occasion, after a crane nearly tipped over, plaintiff got a severe headache and vomited.\nOn the day before Thanksgiving, plaintiffs crew was given the task of installing a large duct. The duct weighed seven or eight tons. According to plaintiff and Labossiere, McMillan insisted on using an improper method of installing the duct. Finally, on the third attempt, the duct was properly installed. The crew was so upset by this incident that they decided to walk off the job.\nBefore the crew had left the work site, the superintendent approached and attempted to calm them down, telling them that everything would be worked out when they returned on Monday. At that pont, McMillan approached and said, \u201cLet\u2019s settle this right now.\u201d There was a verbal confrontation between plaintiff and McMillan. Plaintiff started to walk away and then suddenly collapsed. No issue was raised at trial or on appeal that plaintiff comes within the \u201cgoing and coming\u201d rule. See NMSA 1978, \u00a7 52-1-19. Plaintiff was taken to the hospital and, within twenty-four hours, was completely paralyzed.\nCausation\nDefendants claim there was insufficient evidence to support the trial court\u2019s findings on causation. Defendants\u2019 theory is that the cause of plaintiff\u2019s stroke cannot be identified. They contend that the medical evidence established that there were certain \u201crisk factors\u201d that might have contributed to the stroke and that no one factor can be proved to have been the direct cause. Defendants also claim that plaintiff did not actually have a stroke at work. They contend that plaintiff was only suffering from the temporary effects of a transient ischemic attack when he collapsed at work, that he fully recovered from this event, and that the actual stroke, which was inevitable and which was not work connected, occurred while plaintiff was in the hospital. There was sufficient evidence upon which the trial court could have relied to reject these arguments.\nDr. Miller, a neurosurgeon, testified for plaintiff. Dr. Miller based his opinion upon the depositions and plaintiff\u2019s medical history. Dr. Miller knew of plaintiff\u2019s working conditions, his personal life, and his hypertension. Dr. Miller viewed plaintiff as a young man with hypertension who reacted severely to certain work episodes. Plaintiff\u2019s headaches were transient episodes produced by painful spasms of the cerebral artery. On plaintiff\u2019s last day of work, he \u201chad the episode which has left him in his present condition.\u201d Each transient episode contributed to plaintiff\u2019s present condition, but the events on the last day of work produced \u201cthe straw which broke the camel\u2019s back.\u201d The plaintiff suffered a stroke at work, the effects of which progressed after he was taken to the hospital.\nDr. Miller felt that plaintiff was susceptible to stroke because of hypertension aggravated by work stress. It was probable, but not inevitable, that a stroke would have eventually occurred. However, if plaintiff had not been subject to acute stress at work, the stroke would certainly have been delayed and possibly averted altogether.\nDr. Miller described in detail the physiological process he believed produced plaintiff\u2019s stroke. Anger produces \u201cacute stress\u201d which can cause blood vessels to spasm, raise blood pressure, and increase the coagulability of the blood. The blood flow is retarded when the thickened blood is forced to run through the narrowed blood vessel. In this event, a clot may form, and the area supplied by the blood vessel will die. In Dr. Miller\u2019s opinion, this process began at work and continued after plaintiff had been taken to the hospital.\nOn cross-examination, Dr. Miller rejected defendants\u2019 theory of causation. Defense counsel attempted to get Dr. Miller to admit that none of the risk factors for stroke could be isolated as a direct cause. Dr. Miller disagreed, stating that although various factors played a role in plaintiff\u2019s stroke, the precipitating episode was the series of stressful events on the day of the stroke. Dr. Miller also expressly rejected the defense theory that plaintiff experienced only a transient attack at work. True, there was some recovery after plaintiff was taken to the hospital, but it was only superficial, due, perhaps, to some temporary collateral circulation. Even during this temporary recovery, plaintiff continued to have numbness, indicating that the stroke had begun at work.\nDefendants\u2019 appellate issues on causation are answered by existing New Mexico case law. A stroke causally connected to the worker\u2019s job is compensable. Salazar v. County of Bernalillo, 69 N.M. 464, 368 P.2d 141 (1962). If work stress creates a physical injury, the injury is compensable. Little v. J. Korber & Co., 71 N.M. 294, 378 P.2d 119 (1963) (emotional upset caused heart attack); Salazar; Crane v. San Juan County, New Mexico, 100 N.M. 600, 673 P.2d 1333 (Ct.App.1983) (work stress caused high blood pressure which caused hemorrhage in eye). A preexisting condition, such as hypertension, which makes the workman more susceptible to injury, does not preclude recovery. Little v. J. Korber & Co. (arteriosclerosis); Salazar (hypertension); Bufalino v. Safeway Stores, Inc., 98 N.M. 560, 650 P.2d 844 (Ct.App.1982) (arteriosclerosis). If medical experts disagree on causation, it is up to the trier of fact to resolve the conflict. Crane (defendants argued that work and family stress were equally probable causes); Turner v. New Mexico State Highway Department, 98 N.M. 256, 648 P.2d 8 (Ct.App.1982); Bufalino.\nDefendants also argue that when anger produces an injury, there has been no accident within the terms of the Act. This is incorrect. Little; Salazar. This argument would have merit if plaintiff\u2019s anger had not been reasonably related to his employment (i.e., if it did not \u201carise out of\u201d his employment or if it was not \u201cin the course of\u201d his employment). The trial court found that \u201c[t]he tension and disputes were not a matter of personality conflicts personal to Mr. Shadbolt, but were disputes in good faith concerning what was in the best interest of the job and the men from a safety standpoint.\u201d This finding is supported not only by the testimony of the plaintiff and Labossiere but also by the fact that the entire crew walked off the job on the day of the stroke. Given the court\u2019s findings, there is no difference between this case and Little v. J. Korber & Co., where the workman was \u201cstorming\u201d over an error in a charge ticket, or Salazar, where the workman threw a \u201ctantrum\u201d over the conduct of one of his probationers.\n\u201cArising out of\u2019\nDefendants argue that the \u201c[tjhreshold question in this case is whether plaintiff\u2019s walking off or termination of his job was a \u2018risk\u2019 incident to plaintiff\u2019s employment.\u201d Defendants rely upon Kern v. Ideal Basic Industries, 101 N.M. 801, 689 P.2d 1272 (Ct.App.1984). In Kern, this Court held that a mental breakdown caused by termination from a job did not arise out of employment and, thus, was not compensable. A physician testified that Kern\u2019s illness was caused \u201cby the trauma that he suffered at the loss of the job, not based on the job itself.\u201d The Court reasoned that, in order to satisfy the \u201c \u2018arising out of\u2019 \u201d requirement, the disability must have resulted from a risk that was \u201c \u2018incident to\u2019 \u201d the work itself, or \u201c \u2018peculiar to the employment,\u2019 \u201d or \u201cincreased by the circumstances of the employment.\u201d Because termination of employment is something faced by all those who are employed, the risk of termination is not peculiar to any particular employment.\nDefendants\u2019 reliance on Kern is misplaced. If the trial court had found that the stress leading to plaintiff\u2019s stroke was solely the result of anxiety over termination, the defendants\u2019 argument would have merit. However, the trial court found that the stroke was a result of \u201con the job stress\u201d resulting from a \u201csafety-related incident.\u201d The testimony set out above, that plaintiff\u2019s stress was due to the dispute over the placement of the duct and prior disputes over other aspects of the job, is substantial evidence to support these findings. These disputes were not inevitable consequences of employment, but, rath\u00e9r, were peculiar to plaintiff\u2019s employment; i.e., the disputes were based on the work itself. Thus, unlike the situation in Kern, the stress arose from the performance of plaintiff\u2019s duties of employment.\nCompensation for Care Provided by Plaintiffs Wife\nThe judgment awarded $125,776.00 for \u201csub-professional nursing type care and maintenance to the date of trial ... as remdered [sic] by Darlene Shadbolt, wife of the claimant.\u201d The trial court also directed the defendants to pay for all future reasonable medical and nursing/maintenance expenses arising from the stroke. Defendants do not dispute that Mrs. Shadbolt\u2019s services are reasonable medical services, NMSA 1978, Section 52-l-49(A), for which they are obligated to pay. Under the majority view, a disabled workman can recover for necessary medical services rendered by a spouse. 2 A. Larson, The Law of Workmen\u2019s Compensation \u00a7 61.13(d) (1983). Defendants dispute only the reasonableness of the amount awarded. They concede that Mrs. Shadbolt should be compensated for one eight-hour shift on the basis of the cost of licensed care, but they contend that, for the remainder of the day, she should be compensated only at a lower rate and only for the actual care provided. The argument that Mrs. Shadbolt should be compensated at a lower amount is based upon the contention that her services are unskilled. The argument that Mrs. Shad-bolt should be compensated only for actual work done is based upon the fact that, although care is required twenty-four hours a day, Mrs. Shadbolt is not actually performing tasks for her husband for the entire twenty-four-hour period.\nDr. Miller testified that plaintiff cannot take care of his personal needs. He needs help in communication, in being moved to prevent pressure sores, in washing and dressing, in being fed, and in being cleaned after bowel and urine evacuations. He also testified that plaintiff requires physical therapy. If plaintiff did not have a wife to care for him, he would require an attendant twenty-four hours a day. Dr. Miller testified that trained personnel would be preferable. In his opinion, Mrs. Shadbolt had done a good job in caring for her husband.\nDr. Cilo testified that plaintiff requires \u201ctotal care\u201d twenty-four hours a day. Dr. Cilo thought that plaintiff needed a caring, mature person who had common sense and who could learn the \u201cbasic skills\u201d that were required. He believed that plaintiff did not require \u201cprofessional nurses,\u201d but that the level of care provided by a licensed practical nurse was appropriate. Dr. Cilo thought that it was inappropriate in a marital relationship for a wife to provide total care for a totally dependent husband because the wife should be able to have a life outside of the home. Without a wife to care for him, plaintiff would need someone there twenty-four hours a day.\nMrs. Shadbolt testified as to the care she provides for her husband. When plaintiff first returned home from the hospital, a nursing service took care of him for eight hours a day. Mrs. Shadbolt was working outside the home at that time, but cared for her husband for the remaining sixteen hours of the day. The Shadbolts could not afford the requisite $800 a week for the nursing service, so the service was discontinued, and Mrs. Shadbolt was forced to quit her job. Since then, she has provided care for plaintiff around the clock. Mrs. Shadbolt was trained at the Craig Rehabilitation Institute in tracheotomy and gastrostomy care, physical and speech therapy, bladder and bowel care, skin care, and oral hygiene. Every day, Mrs. Shadbolt cooks for, feeds, shaves, bathes, and dresses her husband. In addition, throughout the day, she exercises him, moves him from the bed to the couch and back again, administers physical therapy and breathing treatments (every four hours), takes care of his bladder and bowel functions, and shifts his position to prevent .pressure sores from forming. During the night, she awakens every three hours to turn him. Mrs. Shad-bolt testified that the care she provides for her husband has left her very tired, that she has little time left over to devote to her children, and that she has no time left for herself.\nDefendants do not challenge the trial court\u2019s finding on the hourly rate for semiskilled nursing services. Defendants do argue that plaintiff does not require a semi-skilled nursing attendant and that, therefore, it is inappropriate to compensate Mrs. Shadbolt at the rate a semi-skilled nurse would receive. The reasonableness of the cost of medical services is a question of fact. See Valdez v. McKee, 76 N.M. 340, 414 P.2d 852 (1966); Gregory v. Eastern New Mexico University, 81 N.M. 236, 465 P.2d 515 (Ct.App.1970).\nThe evidence set forth above supports the trial court\u2019s finding that plaintiff required the assistance of a trained nursing assistant and that Mrs. Shadbolt provides those services. Indeed, defendants admit that compensating Mrs. Shadbolt at the rate for semi-skilled nursing care for one shift would be appropriate. Mrs. Shad-bolt\u2019s testimony was that these services are required throughout the entire day. The trial court awarded $4 per hour for the period during the night when Mrs. Shad-bolt only has to turn her husband every three hours. The trial court\u2019s determination of the rate of compensation of Mrs. Shadbolt\u2019s services was supported by substantial evidence. See Novotny v. St. Paul United Methodist Church, 338 N.W.2d 266 (Minn.1983) (proper to compensate wife based upon applicable rate of skilled nursing care); City of Kosciusko v. Graham, 419 So.2d 1005 (Miss.1982) (appropriate to compensate wife for care of paraplegic husband at rate applicable to licensed practical nurses); Mamone v. Griege, 74 A.D.2d 656, 424 N.Y.S.2d 782 (1980) (award that compensated worker for two nursing shifts per day at rate applicable to registered nurses and one nursing shift per day at rate applicable to practical nurses affirmed).\nDefendants\u2019 next argument is that, even if the rate of compensation is reasonable, it was error to order compensation based upon eight-hour shifts instead of upon the time it actually takes to perform the necessary tasks. One problem with this argument is. that defendants did not request an appropriate finding. The more fundamental problem with this argument is that it ignores the reality of the situation: a semiskilled nursing assistant would be compensated at an hourly rate irrespective of how much care plaintiff required during that time.\nIn rejecting this same argument, the court in Texas Employers Insurance Association v. Choate, 644 S.W.2d 112 (Tex. App.1982), stated:\nMrs. Choate cannot set aside 40 minutes a day, take care of Choate and then go on to other things. She must be available to meet his needs during the entire time he is at home and awake. As the company\u2019s own witness admitted, a third person hired to do what Mrs. Choate does could not be hired or compensated on the 40 minutes per day basis now advanced by the company; instead such a person would be hired by the day or the week and paid for the time during which he or she is available, not just the time spent actually helping Choate.\nThe court in Filion v. Art Himbault Trucking Co., 103 Mich.App. 471, 302 N.W.2d 892 (1981), rejected a similar argument with respect to a plaintiff\u2019s parents:\nEven if the specific functions performed by plaintiff and her husband could be accomplished in less than 8 hours a day, the parents must nonetheless be available throughout the day and night. There was no error in the award to plaintiff of compensation based on eight-hour periods.\nThe trial court properly awarded compensation based upon eight-hour shifts because that is how those services would have to be purchased if Mrs. Shadbolt refused to provide them. \u201cThat a \u2018conscientious\u2019 spouse may in fact perform these services does not diminish the employer\u2019s duty to compensate him or her as the person who discharges the employer\u2019s duty to provide them.\u201d Kushay v. Sexton Dairy Co., 394 Mich. 69, 228 N.W.2d 205 (1975). See also Davis v. Stuart, 414 So.2d 593 (Fla.App.1982).\nImproper Findings\nDefendants ask that findings six through thirteen be stricken because they are evidentiary findings, not ultimate findings. Significantly, defendants do not claim that any specific ultimate fact was not found; they complain only that the trial court erred in making detailed evidentiary findings. Assuming that findings six through thirteen are merely evidentiary findings, reversal is not necessary. In a complicated case, it is not error for the trial court to include some evidentiary findings in the findings and conclusions. Stroope v. Potter, 48 N.M. 404, 151 P.2d 748 (1944). What are the ultimate and what are the evidentiary facts often presents a close question.\nDefendants next complain that the trial court did not exercise independent judgment. Although most of the court\u2019s findings were taken verbatim from plaintiff\u2019s requested findings, the fact that some of defendants\u2019 requested findings were adopted demonstrates that the judge read the requested findings and exercised independent judgment. Absent some indication of the abdication of judicial responsibility, even the adoption of verbatim findings is not error if they are supported by the record. Coulter v. Stewart, 97 N.M. 616, 642 P.2d 602 (1982); In re Hamilton, 97 N.M. 111, 637 P.2d 542 (1981); United Nuclear Corp. v. General Atomic Co., 93 N.M. 105, 597 P.2d 290 (1979).\nOther Issues\nDefendants challenge the amount of the costs which were taxed. We do not reach this issue because the docketing statement did not raise any issue with respect to costs. See State v. Aranda, 94 N.M. 784, 617 P.2d 173 (Ct.App.1980); State v. Jacobs, 91 N.M. 445, 575 P.2d 954 (Ct.App.1978).\nDefendants challenge the award of $62,-500 attorney fees on three grounds: first, that the trial court\u2019s finding number forty-eight contains incorrect present value figures, and that only one figure can be used; second, the evidence will not support the hourly rate utilized; and, third, the award is excessive when considered in light of awards in similar cases.\nAs to the first contention, the trial court found that \u201cthe present value of the award is $582,377.00 for compensation and accrued medical and related benefits, together with $5,260,879.00 as the present value of future medical and related care over the life expectancy of plaintiff * * * assuming a 40-year life expectancy.\u201d The $582,377 represents the total of the present value of compensation of $112,503, accrued and unpaid medical expenses of $344,098, and accrued and unpaid nursing care provided by plaintiff\u2019s wife of $125,776, discussed above.\nWhile acknowledging that recovery of medical expense provides a basis for an award of attorney fees, Schiller v. Southwest Air Rangers, Inc., 87 N.M. 476, 535 P.2d 1327 (1975), defendants argue that eases considering present value have not included the value of medical expenses. One of the factors to be considered in awarding attorney fees is \u201cthe present value of the award.\u201d Jennings v. Gabaldon, 97 N.M. 416, 640 P.2d 522 (Ct.App.1982). We do not understand that factor to include medical expense only where it represents the sole basis of the award. The present value relates to all benefits, including medical and related expenses.\nWe agree with defendants that the trial court could not consider future medical expenses. Board of Education of the Espanola Municipal Schools v. Quintana, 102 N.M. 433, 697 P.2d 116 (1985). However, the trial court\u2019s independent determination of the present value of the award, $582,377, was correct and supported by the evidence. Thus, the portion of the finding reciting future medical expense of $5,260,-879 was unnecessary to support the judgment and its inclusion does not require reversal. See Specter v. Specter, 85 N.M. 112, 509 P.2d 879 (1973).\nDefendants\u2019 second challenge regarding the hourly rate requires a review of the tapes. The tapes of the attorney fee hearing have not been sent up. Even though it is the obligation of the district court clerk to transmit the tapes to this Court, NMSA 1978, Crim., Child.Ct., Dom. Rel. & W/C App.Rule 208(b) (Repl.Pamp. 1983), it is still the burden of the appellant to ensure that the tapes necessary for review are sent up. Berlint v. Bonn, 102 N.M. 394, 696 P.2d 482 (Ct.App.1985). In the absence of a record, there is nothing to review. State v. Hall, 103 N.M. 207, 704 P.2d 461 (1985).\nDefendants\u2019 third challenge invites comparison with awards in similar cases. Without citing to any authority, defendants claim there \u201care dozens of cases reported\u201d in which lesser amounts have been awarded. We do not agree that comparison with other cases is the proper means to determine the reasonableness of the amount awarded. Each case must be judged on its own merits. We are satisfied that all of the Fryar I (Fryar v. Johnsen, 93 N.M. 485, 601 P.2d 718 (1979)) factors were considered and justified the award made. The complexity and intensity with which the case was tried prompted the trial court to note in one finding that \u201cthe adaquacy [sic] of the presentation in court tends to rise to the level of competition, and this was from both sides one of the most diligently researched and professionally presented New Mexico workmen\u2019s compensation case [sic] to date.\u201d Moreover, we observe that the award represents sixteen percent of the total present value which falls within the range discussed in Woodson v. Phillips Petroleum Co., 102 N.M. 333, 695 P.2d 483 (1985).\nWe will not overturn the award of attorney fees.\nPlaintiff is awarded $4,000 plus gross receipts tax for attorney fees on appeal. Defendants shall bear the costs on appeal.\nAffirmed.\nIT IS SO ORDERED.\nBIVINS and MINZNER, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "HENDLEY, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Byron Cat\u00f3n, Tansey, Rosebrough, Roberts & Gerding, P.C., Farmington, for defendants-appellants.", "William H. Carpenter, Carpenter Law Offices, Ltd., Albuquerque, for plaintiff-appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "710 P.2d 738\nCecil Dale SHADBOLT, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. SCHNEIDER, INC. and CNA Insurance Companies, Defendants-Appellants.\nNo. 8069.\nCourt of Appeals of New Mexico.\nAug. 20, 1985.\nByron Cat\u00f3n, Tansey, Rosebrough, Roberts & Gerding, P.C., Farmington, for defendants-appellants.\nWilliam H. Carpenter, Carpenter Law Offices, Ltd., Albuquerque, for plaintiff-appellee." }, "file_name": "0544-01", "first_page_order": 582, "last_page_order": 589 }