{
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  "name": "AMERICAN STATES INSURANCE COMPANY, f/k/a the Western Casualty and Surety Company, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Ramona FROST, Defendant-Appellee",
  "name_abbreviation": "American States Insurance v. Frost",
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    "judges": [
      "BACA and MONTGOMERY, JJ., concur."
    ],
    "parties": [
      "AMERICAN STATES INSURANCE COMPANY, f/k/a the Western Casualty and Surety Company, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Ramona FROST, Defendant-Appellee."
    ],
    "opinions": [
      {
        "text": "OPINION\nRANSOM, Justice.\nRamona Frost was injured in an automobile accident with Isabel Reynolds and collected the maximum available from Reynolds\u2019 liability insurance policy, $26,000. Claiming that her 'damages exceeded $51,-000, and that the accident was caused in part by an unknown truck driver who left the scene of the accident, Frost sought the $25,000 uninsured motorist (UIM) benefits under her own policy with American States Insurance Company. The phantom truck driver was uninsured by virtue of having left the scene of the accident. See NMSA 1978, \u00a7 66-5-301 (Repl.Pamp.1989) (statute equates uninsured and unknown motorists).\nAmerican States filed suit for a declaratory judgment that it did not have to pay UIM coverage to Frost because the amount she had collected from Reynolds exceeded the amount of her UIM coverage. The trial court disagreed and ruled that Frost was entitled to pursue her uninsured motorist claim relative to the phantom truck driver.\nOn appeal, American States argues that Fasulo v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 108 N.M. 807, 780 P.2d 633 (1989), decided after the trial court\u2019s ruling, is dispositive of this issue. Fasulo involved two underinsured motorists and held that the amount available from the insured\u2019s underinsured motorist coverage is to be reduced by the total benefits received from the insurance policies of concurrent tortfeasors. Frost claims that, because Fasulo involved two underinsured motorists, the amounts received from those tortfeasors could be combined, but that here, where one motorist is uninsured and one underinsured, UIM coverage should apply separately to each tortfeasor.\nAs support for her position, Frost cites American Mutual Insurance Co. v. Romero, 428 F.2d 870 (10th Cir.1970). In that case, Romero was a passenger in a car that was struck by another car. The insurer of the car in which Romero was riding paid $25,000 in liability insurance benefits to Romero in settlement of the action Romero filed. The other driver was uninsured, and Romero sought payment from his own insurer pursuant to his policy\u2019s uninsured motorist clause. His insurer sought a declaratory judgment that it owed nothing to Romero because Romero\u2019s $20,000 UIM limit had been surpassed by the $25,000 he had already received.\nThe Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that Romero\u2019s insurer could not reduce the amount due him under his UIM coverage by the $25,000 received from the insured driver. While Romero\u2019s insurance policy required such a reduction, the court, construing New Mexico statutes in effect at that time, concluded that there was minimum statutory coverage for uninsured motorists which could not be reduced by reimbursements from an insured tortfeasor. Id. at 872. However, our present statutory scheme, and the one considered in Fatulo and Schmick v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 103 N.M. 216, 704 P.2d 1092 (1985), is significantly different from that considered in American Mutual Insurance.\nAs first amended in 1979, Section 66-5-301 now addresses coverage for underinsured as well as uninsured motorists, see 1979 N.M.Laws, ch. 96, \u00a7 1; 1981 N.M. Laws, ch. 356, \u00a7 30; 1983 N.M.Laws, ch. 318, \u00a7 39, and this difference is critical to its construction. The statute now provides in Section 66-5-301(B):\n[Ujninsured motorist coverage * * * shall include underinsured motorist coverage for persons protected by an insured\u2019s policy. For the purposes of this subsection, \u201cunderinsured motorist\u201d means an operator of a motor vehicle with respect to the ownership, maintenance or use of which the sum of the limits of liability under all bodily injury liability insurance applicable at the time of the accident is less than the limits of liability under the insured\u2019s uninsured motorist coverage.\nSchmick and Fasulo hold that the present statute means an insured may recover his uninsured/underinsured coverage less all liability insurance proceeds received from concurrent tortfeasors.\nFrost also relies upon Continental Insurance Co. v. Fahey, 106 N.M. 603, 747 P.2d 249 (1987), in which this Court invalidated an insurance policy provision purporting to reduce the amount due an insured under his uninsured motorist coverage by amounts he received under workers\u2019 compensation benefits because of the same accident. We concluded that offsetting recovery by amounts received under the Workers\u2019 Compensation Act would contravene public policy and was inconsistent with the express language of the uninsured motorist statute providing for minimum liability coverage. Fahey does not bear upon the issue ip the present case.\nFrost also cites Coniglario v. Hanover Insurance Co., 233 N.J.Super. 627, 559 A.2d 875 (Law Div.1989), for the proposition that coverage for uninsured and under-insured motorists must be calculated separately. In that case, the plaintiff was struck by an underinsured motorist who claimed that another vehicle cut him off, forcing him into the plaintiffs lane. That phantom car driver did not stop and was uninsured by virtue of having fled the scene of the accident.\nIn deciding that coverage for uninsured motorists was distinct from that for under-insured motorists and, therefore, was to be calculated separately, the court analyzed the plaintiffs insurance policy and New Jersey's uninsured motorist statutes. The policy stated that \u201c \u2018[uninsured motor vehicle\u2019 does not include an \u2018underinsured motor vehicle\u2019.\u201d Id. at 630, 559 A.2d at 877. Also, the New Jersey statutes required all vehicles to carry uninsured motorist coverage, NJ.Rev.Stat. \u00a7 17:28-1.1(a) (West 1985), but not underinsured motorist coverage. A later provision on underinsured motorist coverage simply required that it be made available to its insureds as optional coverage. N.J.Rev. Stat. \u00a7 17:28-1-1(b) (West 1985). The court interpreted this statutory scheme to mean: \u201cOnce [underinsured] coverage is provided in the insurance policy it is a protection afforded to the insured against injuries received from an operator of an underinsured vehicle in addition to any protection given as against uninsured motor vehicles.\u201d Coniglario, 233 N.J.Super. at 631, 559 A.2d at 877 (emphasis added). The court concluded that, because Coniglario\u2019s policy included both uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage, the insurer was \u201ccontractually bound to pay to its insured, Coniglario, up to the limits of both coverages provided in its policy, for any damages that may be recoverable against the uninsured and the underinsured motor vehicles.\u201d Id.\nAs American States points out, New Mexico\u2019s statutory scheme is different from New Jersey\u2019s. New Mexico\u2019s uninsured motorist statute includes underinsured motorist coverage as part of the uninsured coverage. NMSA 1978, \u00a7 66-5-301(B) (\u201cThe uninsured motorist coverage described in Subsection A of this section shall include underinsured motorist coverage for persons protected by an insured\u2019s policy.\u201d). Underinsured and uninsured motorist coverage are not distinct options available for an additional premium and we hold UIM coverage does not apply separately to each concurrent tortfeasor when one is underinsured and one is uninsured. As we said in Fasulo, \u201cwe feel constrained to reject the exclusively singular construction of Section 66-5-301(B) that would allow application of UIM coverage separately as to each concurrent tortfeasor.\u201d 108 N.M. at 811, 780 P.2d at 637.\nWe reverse and remand this case to the trial court for entry of judgment in favor of American States Insurance Co. on its complaint for declaratory judgment.\nIT IS SO ORDERED.\nBACA and MONTGOMERY, JJ., concur.\n. The letters \"UIM\" are used in the text to designate both uninsured and underinsured motorists unless specifically limited,",
        "type": "majority",
        "author": "RANSOM, Justice."
      }
    ],
    "attorneys": [
      "Arlon L. Stoker, Jr., Albuquerque, for plaintiff-appellant.",
      "Ferguson & Lind, William Ferguson, Steven K. Sanders, Albuquerque, for defendant-appellee."
    ],
    "corrections": "",
    "head_matter": "793 P.2d 1341\nAMERICAN STATES INSURANCE COMPANY, f/k/a the Western Casualty and Surety Company, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Ramona FROST, Defendant-Appellee.\nNo. 18650.\nSupreme Court of New Mexico.\nJune 28, 1990.\nArlon L. Stoker, Jr., Albuquerque, for plaintiff-appellant.\nFerguson & Lind, William Ferguson, Steven K. Sanders, Albuquerque, for defendant-appellee."
  },
  "file_name": "0188-01",
  "first_page_order": 216,
  "last_page_order": 218
}