{ "id": 106516, "name": "ESTATE OF Jerome J. GRIEGO, By and Through Eleanor GRIEGO, Individually and as Personal Representative of the Estate of Jerome J. Griego, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. RELIANCE STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee", "name_abbreviation": "Estate of Griego ex rel. Griego v. Reliance Standard Life Insurance", "decision_date": "2000-02-01", "docket_number": "No. 19,568", "first_page": "676", "last_page": "685", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "128 N.M. 676" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "997 P.2d 150" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "2000-NMCA-022" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.M. Ct. App.", "id": 9025, "name": "Court of Appeals of New Mexico" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 52, "name_long": "New Mexico", "name": "N.M." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "93 N.M. 215", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1568839 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "217" }, { "page": "1177" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/93/0215-01" ] }, { "cite": "952 F.2d 1", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 6509517, 1867358 ], "year": 1991, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "6" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/br/135/0001-01", "/f2d/952/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "118 N.M. 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1563538 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "5" }, { "page": "323" }, { "page": "5" }, { "page": "323" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/118/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "107 N.M. 482", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1597220 ], "weight": 8, "year": 1988, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "487" }, { "page": "780" }, { "page": "487" }, { "page": "780" }, { "page": "487" }, { "page": "780" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/107/0482-01" ] }, { "cite": "482 N.E.2d 424", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "weight": 9, "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "430" }, { "page": "427" }, { "page": "430" }, { "page": "430" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "90 Ill.Dec. 605", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. Dec.", "weight": 4, "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "136 Ill.App.3d 78", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ill. App. 3d", "case_ids": [ 3564033 ], "year": 1985, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ill-app-3d/136/0078-01" ] }, { "cite": "248 N.J.Super. 64", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.J. Super.", "case_ids": [ 358873 ], "weight": 2, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "245" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nj-super/248/0064-01" ] }, { "cite": "115 N.M. 690", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 725512 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "704" }, { "page": "80" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/115/0690-01" ] }, { "cite": "39 N.M. 74", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1573391 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1935, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "76" }, { "page": "1024" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/39/0074-01" ] }, { "cite": "106 N.M. 577", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 708798 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1987, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "579, 581" }, { "page": "1111, 1113" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/106/0577-01" ] }, { "cite": "1997-NMSC-041", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMSC", "case_ids": [ 142266 ], "weight": 6, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00b6 18" }, { "page": "\u00b6 20" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/123/0752-01" ] }, { "cite": "108 N.M. 388", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1592897 ], "weight": 4, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "395" }, { "page": "1318" }, { "page": "395" }, { "page": "1318", "parenthetical": "holding that summary judgment may be reversed when it is based on an error of law" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/108/0388-01" ] }, { "cite": "109 N.M. 729", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1590334 ], "weight": 6, "year": 1990, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "732" }, { "page": "1013" }, { "page": "732" }, { "page": "1013", "parenthetical": "ruling that summary judgment is foreclosed when there exists a material factual issue" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/109/0729-01" ] }, { "cite": "117 N.M. 321", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1552674 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "323" }, { "page": "979" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/117/0321-01" ] }, { "cite": "170 P. 745", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "746" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "23 N.M. 627", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2396271 ], "pin_cites": [ { "page": "630" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/23/0627-01" ] }, { "cite": "1998-NMSC-008", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMSC", "case_ids": [ 834248 ], "weight": 4, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00b6 5" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/125/0078-01" ] }, { "cite": "113 N.M. 231", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 723241 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1992, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "238" }, { "page": "1040" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/113/0231-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 1119, "char_count": 31399, "ocr_confidence": 0.701, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.1273099141188563e-07, "percentile": 0.574918267435669 }, "sha256": "b06e2d179373c522683a4700bc4d78ba7d0aac27ac3b979c4b4a0db15d530152", "simhash": "1:0be99d34b70d1de5", "word_count": 5103 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T19:01:18.689942+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "BOSSON and SUTIN, JJ., concur." ], "parties": [ "ESTATE OF Jerome J. GRIEGO, By and Through Eleanor GRIEGO, Individually and as Personal Representative of the Estate of Jerome J. Griego, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. RELIANCE STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "OPINION\nPICKARD, Chief Judge.\n{1} Eleanor Griego, individually and as personal representative of her deceased husband\u2019s estate, the Estate of Jerome J. Griego (Plaintiffs), filed suit against Reliance Standard Life Insurance Company (Reliance) for failing to convert Mr. Griego\u2019s group life insurance policy to an individual life insurance policy after he submitted a'conversion application requesting Reliance to do so. The trial court dismissed Plaintiffs\u2019 suit after granting Reliance\u2019s motion for summary judgment on the grounds that Reliance had mailed Mr. Griego a notice to pay the premium, which he failed to pay. On appeal. Plaintiffs argue the trial court erred because (1) Reliance had a duty to inform Mr. Griego of the payment he had to remit in order to convert his insurance coverage and (2) Plaintiffs raised a factual issue as to whether Reliance breached its duty by presenting evidence that Mr. Griego did not receive a premium notice. Reliance argues the trial court did not err either on the duty issue or on the breach issue, but that even if it did, this Court cannot review its decision because Plaintiffs failed to timely file a notice of appeal. We take jurisdiction of this case and reverse.\nBACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY\n{2} Mr. Griego (Decedent) was employed by the City of Albuquerque (City) for a period of 25 years. As a City employee, Decedent was insured under a group life insurance policy (Policy) issued and maintained by Reliance. The City paid the policy premiums for Decedent while he was employed by the City.\n{3} On July 1, 1993, Decedent retired from his employment with the City. As a covered City employee. Decedent had the right to convert (p\u00f3rtate) the Policy to an individual policy upon his retirement. The Policy provided that in order for Decedent to p\u00f3rtate his insurance coverage, he had to submit a written request within 31 days of his retirement. The Policy further provided that the effective date of conversion would be the thirty-first day following his retirement so long as \u201cwritten request has been made [and] the premiums paid.\u201d\n{4} Reliance distributed summaries of the Policy and its portability features to City employees like Decedent. One such policy summary provided that a covered employee like Decedent could p\u00f3rtate his insurance by notifying Reliance \u201cin writing within 31 days from the date [he retired] [and] ... remitting] the necessary premiums when due____ [Emphasis added.]\u201d That same summary stated the premiums would be \u201cbilled directly to [the insured] on a quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis. [Emphasis added.]\u201d\n{5} While Reliance distributed these summaries to inform City employees about their conversion rights under their group policies, it inserted a proviso into these materials that \u201c[i]f a conflict exists between a statement in [these summaries] and any provision of the Policy, the Policy will govern.\u201d This proviso reflected the integrated nature of the Policy, which stated: \u201cThe entire contract ... is the Policy, your application!,] ... and any endorsements and amendments .... \u201d\n{6} Six days after he retired. Decedent filled out an application to p\u00f3rtate his Policy. Reliance received Decedent\u2019s application on July 27; 1993. Reliance mailed Decedent an uncertified letter acknowledging receipt of his application on September 2, 1993. There is evidence that seven days later, Reliance mailed Decedent a letter advising him that in order to p\u00f3rtate his Policy, he had to remit a premium payment in the amount of $44.72 by October 11, 1993. Plaintiffs deny that Decedent ever received that letter. According to that same letter, if Decedent did not remit payment by October 11. Reliance would close his file and \u201cthere [would be] no coverage in force.\u201d\n{7} In January 1994, Decedent was hospitalized and was seriously ill for several months afterwards. On April 2, 1994, Decedent died. A few days later, Mrs. Griego filed a claim with Reliance for benefits as the sole beneficiary under her husband\u2019s Policy. Reliance denied her claim on the grounds that Decedent had failed to remit a premium payment.\n{8} Plaintiffs filed suit, seeking damages from Reliance based on claims of breach of contract, insurance bad faith, violation of the New Mexico Unfair Practices Act, and negligence. In June 1997, Reliance filed the first of two motions for summary judgment. In September 1997, Plaintiffs filed the first of two motions to amend their complaint. The trial court heard Reliance\u2019s first motion for summary judgment on October 27, 1997. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court took Reliance\u2019s motion under advisement.\n{9} On the following day, the trial court sent a letter ruling to the parties\u2019 attorneys in which it indicated it was going to grant Reliance\u2019s motion for summary judgment. The trial court directed Reliance to prepare the summary judgment order. The basis for the trial court\u2019s ruling was that due to Decedent\u2019s failure to remit a premium payment, \u201cno new policy ever existed.\u201d\n{10} In November 1997, Plaintiffs filed their second motion to amend their complaint. Plaintiffs asked the trial court to hear their motion to amend before entering the proposed summary judgment order Reliance had prepared. Plaintiffs made this request \u201cto ensure that the [e]ourt has jurisdiction ... regarding whether a life insurance policy existed.\u201d On January 23, 1998, the trial court entered an order granting Plaintiffs\u2019 motion, and, on the same day, Plaintiffs filed their first amended complaint.\n{11} On February 26, 1998, the trial court entered its \u201cOrder on Defendant Reliance Standard Life Insurance Company\u2019s Motion for Summary Judgment.\u201d The next day, Reliance filed an amended answer to Plaintiffs\u2019 first amended complaint. In March 1998, Reliance filed its motion for summary judgment \u201cas to Plaintiffs [sic] First Amended Complaint.\u201d Reliance argued, among other things, that the trial court\u2019s February 26 summary judgment order was res judicata on the claims raised in Plaintiffs\u2019 first amended complaint.\n{12} In May 1998, the trial court heard Reliance\u2019s second motion for summary\u2019 judgment. At the hearing\u2019s conclusion, the trial court announced it would grant Reliance\u2019s motion. On May 19, 1998, the trial court entered its \u201cOrder on Defendant Reliance Standard Life Insurance Company\u2019s Second Motion for Summary Judgment.\u201d On June 17, 1998, Plaintiffs filed their Notice of Appeal from the trial court\u2019s May order.\nDISCUSSION\nI. JURISDICTION\n{13} Reliance claims this Court lacks jurisdiction over this appeal because Plaintiffs failed to timely appeal the trial court\u2019s first order of summary judgment. An order must be final to be appealable. See Kelly Inn No. 102, Inc. v. Kapnison, 113 N.M. 231, 238, 824 P.2d 1033, 1040 (1992). An order is not considered final unless all issues of law and fact have been determined and the case disposed of by the trial court to the fullest extent possible. See Executive Sports Club, Inc. v. First Plaza Trust, 1998-NMSC-008, \u00b6 5, 125 N.M. 78, 957 P.2d 63. The trial court entered its first summary judgment order on February 26, 1998. Reliance asserts that Plaintiffs had thirty days within which to appeal this order. Plaintiffs did not file a notice of appeal, however, until June 17, 1998. Reliance thus argues Plaintiffs\u2019 appeal is untimely.\n{14} On February 26, the trial court effectively had two complaints before it \u2014 Plaintiffs\u2019 original complaint and Plaintiffs\u2019 amended complaint. In its February order, the trial court expressly granted Reliance\u2019s motion for summary judgment that had \u201ccome before [it] for hearing on October 27, 1997.\u201d Reliance\u2019s October motion pertained solely to Plaintiffs\u2019 original complaint as it was the only complaint Plaintiffs had pending before the trial court at that time. The trial court\u2019s order did not grant, nor could it have granted. Reliance\u2019s as yet nonexistent second motion for summary judgment on Plaintiffs\u2019 first amended complaint. The trial court\u2019s order did not address all issues of law and fact before it nor did it dispose of Plaintiffs\u2019 first amended complaint to the fullest extent possible. See id. Therefore we hold the trial court\u2019s February order was not a final order.\n{15} Our holding is not disturbed by Reliance\u2019s argument that because Plaintiffs\u2019 amended complaint superseded its original complaint, the trial court\u2019s February order, which was entered after Plaintiffs filed their amended complaint, must be deemed a final order. While we do not disagree with Reliance\u2019s assertion that Plaintiffs\u2019 original complaint became a legal nullity when they filed their amended complaint, we do not see how that fact alters our conclusion. But see Klasner v. Klasner, 23 N.M. 627, 630, 170 P. 745, 746 (\u201c[T]he amended complaint ... supersedes and supplants the original complaint.\u201d). If Plaintiffs\u2019 original complaint is a nullity, then the trial court\u2019s order must also be a nullity because it expressly granted Reliance\u2019s summary judgment motion only insofar as it pertained to Plaintiffs\u2019 original complaint. The trial court\u2019s only viable summary judgment order is its May 19, 1998, order, from which Plaintiffs timely appealed on June 17,1998.\nII. DUTY TO NOTIFY\n{16} The trial court granted Reliance\u2019s second motion for summary judgment pertaining to the first amended complaint on the grounds that Decedent failed to remit a premium payment and thus failed to p\u00f3rtate his Policy. While Plaintiffs concede Decedent never remitted a premium payment, they disagree with the trial court\u2019s determination that this fact entitled Reliance to judgment as a matter of law. Plaintiffs contend Reliance had a duty to send Decedent a premium notice and that Reliance\u2019s alleged failure to fulfill this duty occasioned, and therefore excused. Decedent\u2019s nonpayment.\nA. Preservation of the Issue\n{17} Reliance claims Plaintiffs cannot argue this issue on appeal because they failed to make an \u201cimplied duty argument ... in the District Court.\u201d Plaintiffs predicated their complaint on Reliance\u2019s alleged failure to fulfill its contractual duty to send Decedent a premium notice. For example, at the hearing held on Plaintiffs\u2019 motion to amend their complaint, Plaintiffs\u2019 attorney stated: \u201c[Reliance] never takes the steps they\u2019re required [to] under this contract, which is bill [Decedent] for the premium notice and send it to him.... They breached their very own contract.\u201d The trial court perceived the \u201cimplied duty issue\u201d Plaintiffs were raising and ruled: \u201cI don\u2019t think [Reliance] breached any sort of a duty that they owed [Decedent] under the original group insurance contract.\u201d Plaintiffs thus brought the issue to the trial court\u2019s attention and prompted the trial court to rule on it. That is all Plaintiffs had to do in order to preserve the issue for appellate review. See Cockrell v. Cockrell, 117 N.M. 321, 323, 871 P.2d 977, 979 (1994).\nB. Standard of Review\n{18} We can affirm the trial court\u2019s order awarding Reliance\u2019s motion for summary judgment only if the record reveals no triable issues of material fact and Reliance is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See Gardner-Zemke Co. v. State, 109 N.M. 729, 732, 790 P.2d 1010, 1013 (1990). We must view the pleadings, affidavits, and depositions presented for and against a motion for summary judgment in a light most favorable to the nonmoving party. See id. Summary judgment is foreclosed when the record discloses the existence of a genuine controversy concerning a material issue of fact. See id. Summary judgment is also foreclosed when the trial court granted summary judgment based upon an error of law. See Garcia v. Sanchez, 108 N.M. 388, 395, 772 P.2d 1311, 1318 (Ct.App.1989).\nC. Three Bases for Reliance\u2019s Duty\n1. Policy Terms\n{19} An insurance contract is construed by the same general principles that govern the interpretation of all contracts. See Rummel v. Lexington Ins. Co., 1997-NMSC-041, \u00b6 18, 123 N.M. 752, 945 P.2d 970. The construction of a particular word or phrase in a policy is for the trial court to make where its meaning is not dependent on disputed facts. See id. \u00b6 19. When the policy language is clear and unambiguous, we must enforce it as written. See CC Hous. Corp. v. Ryder Truck Rental, Inc., 106 N.M. 577, 579, 581, 746 P.2d 1109, 1111, 1113 (1987). However, we are not bound to enforce the language as written if that would lead to an absurd result. See Sneddon v. Massachusetts Protective Ass\u2019n, 39 N.M. 74, 76, 39 P.2d 1023, 1024 (1935).\n{20} The section of the Policy that is at the heart of the parties dispute is the section pertaining to Decedent\u2019s conversion rights. The pertinent clauses of that section provide:\nUpon the Owner's mitten request, an Insured may convert to any individual life insurance policy written by us, without proof of good health. Such conversion may be made while insurance is in force on his life or within thirty-one (31) days of termination of insurance under the Master Policy.\nThe effective date of the individual conversion policy will be:\n(1) the date of the request for conversion if coverage under the group policy is in effect on that date and the premium has been paid; or\n(2) the thirty-first (31st) day following termination of the Insured\u2019s insurance under the group policy, provided:\n(a) written request has been made; and\n(b) the premiums paid.\n[Emphasis added.]\n{21} The Policy does not contain an express provision obligating Reliance to provide Decedent with a premium notice. We believe this term may be implied, however, from the terms present in the Policy. A contract includes not only the promises set forth in express words, but, in addition, all such implied provisions as are indispensable to effectuate the intention of the parties and as arise from the language of the contract and the circumstances under which it was made. See Continental Potash, Inc. v. Freeport-McMoran, Inc., 115 N.M. 690, 704, 858 P.2d 66, 80 (1993). A court may have to imply terms in a contract when to do otherwise would render the contract absurd and meaningless. See Gresham v. Massachusetts Mut. Life Ins. Co., 248 N.J.Super. 64, 590 A.2d 241, 245 (App.Div.1991).\n{22} In Gresham, the insured-decedent (decedent) had a group policy that gave him the right to p\u00f3rtate his coverage if he made the election \u201c \u2018either in person or by mail\u2019 \u201d within 31 days of termination of employment. Id. at 242 (quoting company\u2019s notice). The decedent did, in fact, contact his insurer and informed his insurance agent of his desire to p\u00f3rtate his group policy. See id. at 243. The agent spoke with the decedent, but he failed to give the decedent a conversion application or a conversion rate. See id. The decedent died without ever having submitted an application or a premium payment. See id.\n{23} The Gresham court held that, notwithstanding the decedent\u2019s failure to submit an application or a premium payment, his estate was \u201centitled to the insurance for which [he] clearly intended to apply.\u201d Id. at 245. The court observed that under the decedent\u2019s policy and its summary brochure\ndecedent was required to convert [his policy] within 31 days of termination of employment!,] make an application therefor, and pay the first year\u2019s premium. There was no requirement that he go to an office, only that he \u201cshould contact [his insurer] either in person or by mail.\u201d He did so. He spoke to [his agent] and unambiguously told him that he wanted to convert his policy.\nId. at 244. Based on its observation, the court held that the decedent\u2019s insurance policy implicitly obligated his insurer to supply him with both a conversion application form and the conversion premium. See id. at 245. The court reasoned that if these terms were not implied, the decedent\u2019s right to convert would be rendered meaningless. See id. \u201cWhile a beneficiary possibly could create his own form to apply for the conversion policy, without the insurer\u2019s input, the amount of the premium would be based upon pure speculation.\u201d Id.\n{24} In the case at bar, Decedent\u2019s Policy did not require him to contact Reliance in order to ascertain the conversion premium. Instead, Decedent only had to submit a written application to Reliance within 31 days of his retirement, which he did. Upon submitting his application, it is indisputable that Decedent still had to remit a premium payment before his Policy could be portated. However, it is also indisputable that Decedent could not have made a payment before he was first informed by Reliance of the premium that would be owed. The Policy would cease to make sense, and the parties\u2019 contract could not be honored, if Decedent were required to remit a payment without knowing just how much money to remit. We thus hold that Reliance had a duty to provide Decedent with a premium notice after he submitted his written application requesting portation.\n{25} Reliance argues Decedent\u2019s lack of knowledge does not excuse his failure to remit payment. Reliance claims Decedent had the affirmative obligation to ask how much the conversion premium was and that his failure to do so distinguishes this case from Gresham. Reliance claims that the Gresham court held in the decedent\u2019s favor because he attempted to ascertain the conversion premium and the insurer withheld this information from him. Reliance is right to point out what steps the decedent in Gresham undertook to p\u00f3rtate his insurance coverage, but Reliance fails to appreciate the lack of significance those steps have outside the particular context of the Gresham policy.\n{26} In Gresham, the court mentioned the decedent\u2019s verbal communications with his insurer only because under the language of the policy that was one of the two ways he could elect to p\u00f3rtate his policy. See id. at 245. Contrary to Reliance\u2019s suggestion, the court did not find that the decedent specifically asked the insurer to provide him with the conversion rate; instead, the court only found that the decedent had unambiguously told the insurer he wanted to p\u00f3rtate his policy. See id. More critically, the court did not consider it important that the decedent had not specifically requested the conversion rate. The court held that the decedent, upon doing all he was required to do under his policy to initiate the conversion process, became entitled to a conversion application and the conversion rate. See id. We agree with the analysis in Gresham and hold that Reliance had a duty implied in the policy to notify Decedent of the premium owed.\n2. Duty not to Prevent Performance\n{27} Each party to an enforceable agreement has a duty not to prevent performance by the other party. See Donnelly v. Washington Nat\u2019l Ins. Co., 136 Ill.App.3d 78, 90 Ill.Dec. 605, 482 N.E.2d 424, 430 (1985). \u201cA party to a contract, who prevents its performance by the adverse party, cannot rely on [the adverse party\u2019s nonperformance] to defeat his liability.\u201d National Old Line Ins. Co. v. Brown, 107 N.M. 482, 487, 760 P.2d 775, 780 (1988). The party who has been prevented from discharging his part of the obligation is to be treated as though he had performed it. See id.\n{28} In Donnelly, the insured-decedent had a group life insurance policy that gave him the right to p\u00f3rtate his insurance coverage within 31 days of termination of employment. See id. 90 Ill.Dec. 605, 482 N.E.2d at 427. The decedent wanted to p\u00f3rtate his coverage, so he personally visited the insurer\u2019s office and asked his agent to send him a letter stating the rates for conversion. See id. The court held that when the decedent asked \u201cabout converting his group insurance to individual coverage, defendant ha[d] a duty to inform him of the rate he [had to] pay to convert, because without that information the insured will be unable to convert.\u201d See id. 90 Ill.Dec. 605, 482 N.E.2d at 430.\n{29} The Donnelly court\u2019s holding provides another basis for our determination that Reliance had a duty to provide Decedent with the conversion rate after he submitted his written application requesting portation. See id. The Donnelly court based its holding, not upon the implied terms of the parties\u2019 insurance contract, but upon the decedent\u2019s affirmative conduct. See id. The court recognized, as we do, that when a party to a contract does all that he can do to effect performance, the adverse party cannot disregard his actions without consequence, irrespective of the terms of the parties\u2019 contract.\n{30} Reliance claims the Donnelly court based its holding on the fact that the decedent had asked the agent to mail him a letter containing the conversion rate and that the agent promised, but then failed, to do so. We disagree. The Donnelly court, like the Gresham court, relied exclusively on the deeedents\u2019s oral requests for information because it could not point to anything the parties had reduced to writing. The court referred to the insurer\u2019s promises only in the context of its discussion of the insurer\u2019s breach of the \u201cimplied covenant of good faith cooperation.\u201d Id. 90 Ill.Dec. 605, 482 N.E.2d at 430. What was important in Donnelly, and what is important here, is that the insureds expressed an unequivocal interest in exercising a contractual right to p\u00f3rtate their policies. Upon expressing this interest, the insurers incurred a duty to provide the insureds with the conversion rate.\n3. Policy Summaries\n{31} In addressing an insurance contract dispute, we must first attempt to resolve the dispute by resorting to the language of the insurance contract, itself. See Rummel, 1997-NMSC-041, \u00b6 20, 123 N.M. 752, 945 P.2d 970. We may look to extrinsic evidence, however, if a party might reasonably have formed expectations in spite of the insurance policy\u2019s provisions due to the adverse party\u2019s affirmative conduct. See id. \u00b6 21; Barth v. Coleman, 118 N.M. 1, 5, 878 P.2d 319, 323 (1994). Although we have already resolved the issue of whether the terms of Decedent\u2019s Policy gave rise to Reliance\u2019s duty to provide him with a premium notice, we nevertheless examine Plaintiffs\u2019 claim regarding Decedent\u2019s reasonable expectations because we believe such an examination reinforces the duty we have recognized today.\n{32} Reliance provided Decedent with certain policy summaries in order to explain the steps Decedent had to take to p\u00f3rtate his Policy. One such policy summary stated in relevant part:\nPORTABILITY\nYou can continue your insurance coverage under the Policy, and that of your insured Dependents, if any, if coverage would otherwise terminate because you cease to be eligible, or the Participating Unit terminates, provided you:\nA. notify us in writing within 31 days from the date you cease to be eligible or the Participating Unit terminates:\nB. remit the necessary premiums when due; and\nPremiums will be billed directly to you on a quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis.\n[Emphasis added.] Another policy brochure provided in relevant part:\nPORTABILITY\nIf you terminate employment after your coverage has started, you may elect, within 31 days of termination of eligibility, to continue your group term life insurance. Premiums will be billed directly to you on a quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis.\nOFTEN ASKED QUESTIONS ...\nQ. If I leave employment here, can my insurance be continued?\nA. Yes, you can continue your insurance. The premiums will be billed directly to you by Reliance Standard Life. The amount of coverage and the costs will continue unchanged as if you were still employed.\n[Emphasis added.]\n{33} We believe Reliance\u2019s policy summaries could create the reasonable expectation in an insured that he would receive a premium notice from Reliance if he submitted a conversion application within 31 days of his retirement. If Plaintiffs can prove Reliance provided these policy summaries to Decedent, the doctrine of reasonable expectations could reinforce a duty on the part of Reliance to give Decedent a premium notice. See Barth, 118 N.M. at 5, 878 P.2d at 323. If Reliance failed to give Decedent such a notice, it cannot rely on Decedent\u2019s failure to remit payment as the basis for denying Plaintiffs\u2019 claim. See National Old Line Ins. Co., 107 N.M. at 487, 760 P.2d at 780.\n4. Reliance\u2019s Arguments Against the Duty\n{34} Reliance argues that, under the plain language of the Policy itself, Decedent had only until August 1 to both make application to p\u00f3rtate and pay the premium. This argument is somewhat disingenuous inasmuch as Reliance\u2019s own documents show that it was inviting Decedent to pay the premium as late as September 9. Reliance similarly contends that the September 9 letter must have been an invitation to purchase new insurance. However, by its terms, the September 9 letter plainly refers to \u201c[a] continuation of coverage you requested.\u201d\n{35} In a like vein, Reliance argues that NMSA 1978, \u00a7 59A-21-19 (1984) defeats any expectation Decedent may have developed after reading Reliance\u2019s policy summaries. Under Section 59A-21-19, an insured is entitled to p\u00f3rtate his insurance \u201cprovided application for the individual policy shall be made, and the first premium paid to the insurer, within thirty-one (31) days after ... termination [of employment].\u201d Reliance claims this language clearly requires an insured to submit both an application and a premium payment within 31 days of his retirement, or else he forfeits his portation rights.\n{36} Whether Section 59A-21-19 must be interpreted in the way Reliance suggests is irrelevant to our discussion because that section is modified by another statute, which states:\nA. No policy of group life insurance shall be delivered in this state unless it contains in substance the provisions as required by Sections 409 through 419 [59A-21-12 to 59A-21-22 NMSA 1978] of this article or provisions which, in the superintendent\u2019s opinion, are more favorable to the persons insured, or at least as favorable to the persons insured and more favorable to the policyholder.\nNMSA 1978, \u00a7 59A-21-11 (1984) (emphasis added). In light of Section 59A-21-11, it is clear Section 59A-21-19 provides a baseline level of insurance coverage portation rights. We may assume without deciding, that under Section 59A-21-19 an insurer can insist upon the insured submitting both a conversion application form and a premium payment within 31 days of his retirement in order to p\u00f3rtate his group policy, but that section does not mandate an insurer to so insist. Reliance\u2019s policy is \u201cmore favorable to the person insured\u201d and thus is enforceable under Section 59A-21-11. Thus, if Reliance failed to mail Decedent a premium notice, it cannot defeat his coverage by relying on Section 59A-21-19. See National Old Line Ins. Co., 107 N.M. at 487, 760 P.2d at 780.\n{37} Reliance claims that even if Decedent received absolutely no information concerning his conversion privilege, his window of time within which to p\u00f3rtate his Policy was circumscribed by NMSA 1978, \u00a7 59A-21-22 (1984). Reliance argues that under Section 59A-21-22, Decedent had at most 60 days from the expiration date of his Policy, or until September 30, 1993, to p\u00f3rtate his Policy. According to Reliance, \u201cthere is a legislative policy at work and controlling [here]\u2014 one of finality, not perpetuity.\u201d\n{38} Reliance\u2019s dependence on Section 59A-21-22 is misplaced. Section 59A-21-22 comes into effect only \u201cif [an insured] is not given notice of the existence of such right.\u201d Reliance contends, and Plaintiffs admit, that Decedent with a premium notice after he expressed his desire to p\u00f3rtate his Policy. Our legislature\u2019s interest in promoting finality is not at issue here. What is at issue is the parties\u2019 obligations under Decedent\u2019s Policy.\n{39} Reliance finally argues that Plaintiffs could not wait indefinitely for a premium notice, delaying to see what develops, and then retroactively say that they in fact wanted to continue the insurance coverage at the time Decedent died. See Bezanson v. Metropolitan Ins. & Annuity Co., 952 F.2d 1, 6 (1st Cm. 1991). While we can agree with Reliance that people in Plaintiffs\u2019 shoes cannot wait indefinitely, even the Bezanson case, on which it relies, states that the time limit is one of reasonableness. We need not decide here what might be an outer limit of reasonableness. The facts of this case are that Decedent was hospitalized and died well within the time during which the summaries of the Policy could be construed to say that he would be billed for the premium. (\u201cPremiums will be billed directly to you on a quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis.\u201d) For the reasons stated, we conclude that the trial court could not have granted summary judgment by concluding that Reliance did not have to provide Decedent with a premium notice. See Garcia, 108 N.M. at 395, 772 P.2d at 1318 (holding that summary judgment may be reversed when it is based on an error of law).\nIII. MAILING OF PREMIUM NOTICE\n{40} At the trial court level, Reliance proffered two documents to make its prima facie case that it mailed a premium notice to Decedent: (1) an unsigned letter, dated September 9, 1993, advising Decedent of the required premium and (2) the affidavit of one of its employees purporting to establish a pattern of how documents are mailed and thereby giving rise to the inference that the unsigned letter was likely mailed as well. Plaintiffs argue several reasons why these two documents do not give rise to an inference of proper mailing and thus fail to make Reliance\u2019s prima facie case. We do not need to pass judgment on them because we find that, for purposes of opposing summary judgment, Plaintiffs rebutted any inference of proper mailing by presenting evidence that Decedent did not receive a premium notice.\n{41} Mrs. Griego and her daughter, Joanna L. Gallegos, testified that the premium notice was never received at the Griego household. They testified that the mail was always kept on the kitchen room counter in plain view and that they never saw the two letters Reliance allegedly sent to Decedent in September 1993.\n{42} Reliance claims that \u201c[wjhether the letter was received or not is irrelevant.\u201d We disagree. The testimony Mrs. Griego and Mrs. Gallegos provided of non-receipt was sufficient to create a factual question as to whether Reliance properly mailed Decedent a premium notice. See Myers v. Kapnison, 93 N.M. 215, 217, 598 P.2d 1175, 1177 (Ct. App.1979) (ruling that the affidavits from three addressees and one non-addressee that they did not receive a letter allegedly mailed to them by the adverse party raised a factual question as to whether the letter was properly mailed).. Accordingly, the trial court committed reversible error. See Gardner-Zemke Co., 109 N.M. at 732, 790 P.2d at 1013 (ruling that summary judgment is foreclosed when there exists a material factual issue).\nCONCLUSION\n{43} For the reasons stated above, we reverse summary judgment and remand for a trial on the merits.\n{44} IT IS SO ORDERED.\nBOSSON and SUTIN, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "PICKARD, Chief Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Steve Vogel, Albuquerque, Steven C. Henry, Albuquerque, Steven L. Tucker, Tucker Law Firm, P.C., Santa Fe, for Appellants.", "Carl J. Butkus, R. Galen Reimer, Butkus & Reimer, P.C., Albuquerque, for Appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "2000-NMCA-022\n997 P.2d 150\nESTATE OF Jerome J. GRIEGO, By and Through Eleanor GRIEGO, Individually and as Personal Representative of the Estate of Jerome J. Griego, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. RELIANCE STANDARD LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Defendant-Appellee.\nNo. 19,568.\nCourt of Appeals of New Mexico.\nFeb. 1, 2000.\nSteve Vogel, Albuquerque, Steven C. Henry, Albuquerque, Steven L. Tucker, Tucker Law Firm, P.C., Santa Fe, for Appellants.\nCarl J. Butkus, R. Galen Reimer, Butkus & Reimer, P.C., Albuquerque, for Appellee." }, "file_name": "0676-01", "first_page_order": 714, "last_page_order": 723 }