{ "id": 260666, "name": "Rosalina AGUILERA, Petitioner-Respondent, v. PALM HARBOR HOMES, INC., d/b/a Masterpiece Housing, Newco Homes L.P., d/b/a Palm Harbor Village, Newco Homes, d/b/a C & S Magnahomes, Palm Harbor Homes, L.P., Masterpiece Housing and Newco Homes, Respondents-Petitioners", "name_abbreviation": "Aguilera v. Palm Harbor Homes, Inc.", "decision_date": "2002-09-06", "docket_number": "No. 27,144", "first_page": "715", "last_page": "718", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "132 N.M. 715" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "54 P.3d 993" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "2002-NMSC-029" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.M.", "id": 8835, "name": "Supreme Court of New Mexico" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 52, "name_long": "New Mexico", "name": "N.M." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "116 N.M. 793", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 727643 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1994, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "796" }, { "page": "1178" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/116/0793-01" ] }, { "cite": "115 N.M. 1", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 725418 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1993, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "6" }, { "page": "312" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/115/0001-01" ] }, { "cite": "104 N.M. 744", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1594951 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1986, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "747" }, { "page": "1377" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/104/0744-01" ] }, { "cite": "102 N.M. 607", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1580076 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1985, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "609" }, { "page": "882" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/102/0607-01" ] }, { "cite": "36 P.3d 953", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.3d", "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "131 N.M. 363", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "year": 2001, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "2001-NMCA-091", "category": "reporters:neutral", "reporter": "NMCA", "case_ids": [ 183155 ], "weight": 6, "year": 2001, "pin_cites": [ { "page": "\u00b6 28" }, { "page": "\u00b6 11" } ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/131/0228-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 538, "char_count": 10769, "ocr_confidence": 0.689, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.4608614662646223e-07, "percentile": 0.6572730688159811 }, "sha256": "f0b98c6014cf4d2415322a32da34fb6af0a202d3e958ae35d5412456387b5062", "simhash": "1:5fea66036a995e6a", "word_count": 1720 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:25:52.963241+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "WE CONCUR: GENE E. FRANCHINI, PAMELA B. MINZNER, and PETRA JIMENEZ MAES, Justices." ], "parties": [ "Rosalina AGUILERA, Petitioner-Respondent, v. PALM HARBOR HOMES, INC., d/b/a Masterpiece Housing, Newco Homes L.P., d/b/a Palm Harbor Village, Newco Homes, d/b/a C & S Magnahomes, Palm Harbor Homes, L.P., Masterpiece Housing and Newco Homes, Respondents-Petitioners." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "OPINION\nSERNA, Chief Justice.\n{1} Rosalina Aguilera purchased a mobile home from Palm Harbor Homes, Inc. In response to a dispute over the sale of the mobile home, Aguilera and Palm Harbor stipulated to a court order requiring arbitration. The three-member arbitration panel ruled in favor of Aguilera and awarded compensatory damages, as well as $100,000 in punitive damages. Aguilera then filed an application with the district court to confirm the award or to modify the award by increasing the amount of compensatory and punitive damages. Palm Harbor filed an application to vacate the award of punitive damages as exceeding the arbitrators\u2019 authority under New Mexico law. The district court confirmed the award of compensatory damages, treated the award of punitive damages as advisory, and awarded punitive damages in the amount recommended by the arbitration panel. Palm Harbor appealed the award of punitive damages to the Court of Appeals, which affirmed on the ground that the arbitrators had authority to award punitive damages. Aguilera v. Palm Harbor Homes, Inc., 2001-NMCA-091, \u00b6 28, 131 N.M. 228, 34 P.3d 617, cert. granted, No. 27, 144, 131 N.M. 363, 36 P.3d 953 (2001). On certiorari, Palm Harbor contends that the Court of Appeals improperly declined to follow precedent from this Court, that the punitive damages award was invalid because it exceeded the arbitrators\u2019 authority, and that the district court erred in treating the award as a recommendation.\nI. Discussion\n{2} In Shaw v. Kuhnel & Associates, 102 N.M. 607, 609, 698 P.2d 880, 882 (1985), this Court determined that courts, rather than arbitrators, should award punitive damages. Relying on this Court\u2019s opinion in Shaw, Palm Harbor argued to the district court that the punitive damages award must be vacated because the arbitration panel lacked authority to award punitive damages. See NMSA 1978, \u00a7 44-7-12(A) (repealed 2001) (\u201cUpon application of a party, the court shall vacate an award where ... the arbitrators exceeded their powers.... \u201d). In response to this argument, the district court determined that it reserved jurisdiction over punitive damages and that the arbitrators\u2019 award meant that it was a recommendation. The district court ruled that the arbitrators\u2019 award of punitive damages was \u201cconsidered advisory and adopted by the Court.\u201d Palm Harbor argues to this Court that the district court erred in treating the award as a recommendation. We disagree.\n{3} In Stewart v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co., 104 N.M. 744, 747, 726 P.2d 1374, 1377 (1986), the arbitrators, instead of awarding punitive damages, \u201cmerely found the amount of damages that a \u2018proper court\u2019 should award, if the court were persuaded that punitive damages were warranted.\u201d The trial court in Stewart noted the advisory quality of the arbitrators\u2019 decision and agreed \u201cwith the assessment of the arbitrators \u2014 who were the factfinders \u2014 on the question and amount of punitive damages.\u201d Id. We determined that \u201c[tjhis is not an issue of the panel\u2019s exceeding its authority; it concerns only a realistic appraisal of the language used in the arbitrators\u2019 decision ... and an inescapable recognition that the trial court concurred in the amount suggested by the panel.\u201d Id. In accordance with Shaw and Stewart, an arbitration panel operating under the Uniform Arbitration Act effective in the present case, NMSA 1978, \u00a7\u00a7 44-7-1 to -22 (repealed 2001), can recommend an award of punitive damages but should not make the award itself.\n{4} In this case, the district court recognized that, based on this authority, the arbitration panel inappropriately labeled its determination of punitive damages an award instead of a recommendation. However, the district court independently determined that punitive damages were warranted and agreed with the amount determined by the arbitration panel. In effect, then, the district court simply modified the award of punitive damages to become a recommendation due to an imperfection in form caused by the arbitrators\u2019 failure to label its decision properly. See NMSA 1978, \u00a7 44-7-13(A)(3) (repealed 2001). Because the district court did not consider the arbitrators\u2019 award of punitive damages to be binding, the arbitrators\u2019 use of a mistaken form in rendering a decision on punitive damages did not \u201caffect[ ] the merits of the controversy.\u201d Id. Palm Harbor contends that the district court was limited to either confirming or vacating the award; however, we note that Palm Harbor\u2019s motion to vacate the award referenced both Section 44-7-12 and Section 44-7-13. See \u00a7 44r-7-13(C) (\u201cAn application to modify or correct an award may be joined in the alternative with an application to vacate the award.\u201d). We conclude that the district court\u2019s modification of the award was a proper application of Shaw and Stewart. We believe that the district court properly ensured that the arbitration panel did not exceed its authority and cautiously modified the award in a manner that was designed \u201cto effect its intent,\u201d Section 44-7-13(B).\n{5} Palm Harbor also argues that, even if the arbitrators\u2019 award could be characterized as a recommendation, the district court lacked a sufficient basis upon which to award punitive damages. However, in United Technology & Resources, Inc. v. Dar Al Islam, 115 N.M. 1, 6, 846 P.2d 307, 312 (1993), we recognized that the district court, in adopting a recommendation by the arbitrators,\nhad before it the recommendation of the arbitration panel that no punitive damages be awarded, as well as the panel\u2019s apparent finding that there was no basis for a claim of bad faith breach of contract. These facts were sufficient to support the court\u2019s ruling effectively dismissing [the] claim for punitive damages.\nId. In the present case, the district court had before it the arbitrators\u2019 finding that Palm Harbor \u201cbreached [the] contract and warranty with Ms. Aguilera, thereby violating the Manufactured Housing Act[, NMSA 1978, \u00a7\u00a7 60-14-1 to -20 (1975, as amended through 2000),] and entitling Ms. Aguilera to the remedies provided in the Unfair Trade Practices Act,\u201d NMSA 1978, \u00a7\u00a7 57-12-1 to -22 (1967, as amended through 1999). The district court also had the arbitrators\u2019 findings of the amount of compensatory damages suffered by Aguilera and the amount of punitive damages that would be warranted as a result of Palm Harbor\u2019s actions. Thus, as in United Technology, the district court had adequate information in the record to assess punitive damages against Palm Harbor. See NMSA 1978, \u00a7 60-14-19(C (1983) (stating that a manufacturer\u2019s or dealer\u2019s failure \u201cto comply with the warranty provisions of the Manufactured Housing Act ... is an unfair or deceptive trade practice in addition to those practices defined in the Unfair Practices Act and is actionable pursuant to the Unfair Practices Act,\u201d including \u201call remedies available in the Unfair Practices Act\u201d); NMSA 1978, \u00a7 57-12-10(B) (1987) (\u201cWhere the trier of fact finds that the party charged with an unfair or deceptive trade practice or an unconscionable trade practice has willfully engaged in the trade practice, the court may award up to three times actual damages ... to the party complaining of the practice.\u201d).\n{6} As noted above, the Court of Appeals did not affirm on the basis of the district court\u2019s rationale. Relying on the proposition that, \u201cwhen we determine that our Supreme Court would conclude that the precedent is no longer good law and would overrule it given the opportunity, we will decline to follow the precedent,\u201d Aguilera, 2001-NMCA-091, \u00b6 11, 131 N.M. 228, 34 P.3d 617, the Court of Appeals held that arbitrators have authority to award punitive damages. Id. \u00b6 23. In deference to and in recognition of the vital role the Court of Appeals serves in the New Mexico judiciary, we have held \u201cthat the Court of Appeals has authority to question uniform jury instructions in cases in which the instruction has not been challenged previously and to amend, modify, or abolish the instruction if it is erroneous.\u201d State v. Wilson, 116 N.M. 793, 796, 867 P.2d 1175, 1178 (1994). Moreover, \u201cthis Court encourages the Court of Appeals to express its rationale for any reservations it might harbor over Supreme Court precedent.\u201d Id. However, as Chief Justice Ransom expressed in Wilson, \u201c[t]he Court of Appeals, nonetheless, remains bound by Supreme Court precedent.\u201d Id. Because we have determined that the district court\u2019s treatment of the arbitrators\u2019 award as a recommendation was a proper application of Stewart, it is unnecessary to the resolution of this case to assess whether, as the Court of Appeals has suggested, Shaw should be overruled. As a result, we refrain from reaching this question, especially considering that Shaw has been superseded by statute for actions governed by the new Uniform Arbitration Act. We also conclude that the Court of Appeals need not have addressed the issue whether Shaw should be overruled. For these reasons, we reverse that portion of the Court of Appeals\u2019 opinion discussing the continued validity of Shaw. Finally, based on our disposition in this case, we conclude that it is unnecessary for us to consider Aguilera\u2019s argument, raised for the first time in this Court, that Shaw conflicts with and is preempted by federal law.\nII. Conclusion\n{7} We affirm, as a proper application of this Court\u2019s opinion in Stewart, the district court\u2019s decision to treat the arbitrators\u2019 award of punitive damages as a recommendation. We also affirm the district court\u2019s award of punitive damages.\n{8} IT IS SO ORDERED.\nWE CONCUR: GENE E. FRANCHINI, PAMELA B. MINZNER, and PETRA JIMENEZ MAES, Justices.\n. Effective July 1, 2001, the version of the Uniform Arbitration Act applicable in the present case was replaced by a new Uniform Arbitration Act, NMSA 1978, \u00a7\u00a7 44-7A-1 to -32 (2001). Under the new Act, \u201d[a]n arbitrator may award punitive damages ... if such an award is authorized by law in a civil action involving the same claim and the evidence produced at the hearing justifies the award under the legal standards otherwise applicable to the claim.\u201d NMSA 1978, \u00a7 44-7A-22(a) (2001). Section 44-7A-22(a) supersedes Shaw for actions governed by the new Act, see NMSA 1978, \u00a7\u00a7 44-7A-3 (2001), -32 (2001).", "type": "majority", "author": "SERNA, Chief Justice." } ], "attorneys": [ "Stiff & Ford, P.C., Thomas L. Murphy, Albuquerque, NM, for Petitioners.", "Robinson, Quintero & Lopez, P.C., H.R. Quintero, Silver City, NM, for Respondent." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "2002-NMSC-029\n54 P.3d 993\nRosalina AGUILERA, Petitioner-Respondent, v. PALM HARBOR HOMES, INC., d/b/a Masterpiece Housing, Newco Homes L.P., d/b/a Palm Harbor Village, Newco Homes, d/b/a C & S Magnahomes, Palm Harbor Homes, L.P., Masterpiece Housing and Newco Homes, Respondents-Petitioners.\nNo. 27,144.\nSupreme Court of New Mexico.\nSept. 6, 2002.\nStiff & Ford, P.C., Thomas L. Murphy, Albuquerque, NM, for Petitioners.\nRobinson, Quintero & Lopez, P.C., H.R. Quintero, Silver City, NM, for Respondent." }, "file_name": "0715-01", "first_page_order": 747, "last_page_order": 750 }