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Monell, obtained judgment against Louis Haffner in the sum of $100.00 and costs of suit, and thereafter, under an execution, issued by virtue of said judgment, the Sheriff of Santa Fe county sold, and defendant Renehan bought in and received a deed from the said sheriff, to certain real estate, the property of the -said I\u00edaf\u00edner. Renehan was the attorney of record'of Monell, the judgment creditor. The court below found that, \u201cThe total for principal indebtedness, interest, costs of suit, and costs of sale should not have exceeded $174.00,\u201d but that \u201cthe deputy sheriff making the sale announced that $565.00 bid, the amount of judgment and costs, would be necessary before there would be any sale,\u201d which sum Renehan bid and the real estate was struck off and sold to him- the court further .found that of this sum, $375 was for custodian\u2019s or caretaker\u2019s fees at the rate of $185.00 per month. The statute makes ho provision for fees to a sheriff for the care and custody of real estate under levy by execution. The charge for such fees in this case was illegal, improper, and extortionate. Renehan is charged with notice of the illegal and fraudulent conduct of the officer making the sale and there is no room for. any argument that a court of equity will not set such a sale aside.\n2. On January 23, 1900, Renehan,' by quit claim deed, conveyed said real estate to the defendant Fogarty, who sets up the defense of a bona fide purchaser for value and without notice. The consideration expressed in the quit claim deed was that Fogarty \u201chas cancelled and confesses as paid a certain promissory note\u201d of Renehan\u2019s for $250.00.and also a debt of $180.00. Renehan testified that the note was for $250:00 with interest from some time in 189.0 or 1891 at 6%. The court found that the consideration of the deed was for antecedent debts and, therefore, Fogarty was not a purchaser for a valuable consideration. The question here raised is discussed in 2 Pomeroy Eq. Jur., see. 749, as follows: \u201cWliether the complete satisfaction and discharge as the definite forbearance of an antecedent debt without surrender or cancellation of any written security by the creditor, will be a valuable consideration, is a question to which the courts of different states have given conflicting answers, but the affirmative seems to be supported by the numerical weight of authority. Some legal rules ought to be settled in accordance with the results of experience and dictates of policy, rather than by compliance with the deductions of a strict logic. To hold that a conveyance is security for an antecedent debt is made without, but that one in satisfaction of such debt is made with a valuable consideration, when the fact of satisfaction is not evidenced by any act of the creditor,- but 'depends upon mere verbal testimony, is opening the door wide for the easy admission of fraud. It leaves the rights of third persons to depend upon the coloring given to a part transacted by the verbal testimony of witnesses, after the event has disclosed to the creditor the form and nature in which it is for his interest to picture the transaction. The rule which renders it so easy for an interested party to defeat the rights -of others is clearly unpolitic.\u201d With the view thus expressed by so eminent an authority and supported, it seems to us, by sound reason, we are in full accord and, therefore, hold that there being an entire absence .of any evidence showing a surrender or cancellation of any written security held bjr the creditor, Fogarty did not become a purchaser for a valuable consideration.\n3. It might be also suggested that there is nothing in the testimony to show that the debt due Fogarty was enforceable.\n4. Although the defendants did not in their pleadings rely upon the defense of laches, it is argued in their brief, and while it is not clear that they are entitled to have that question considered here, yet we will deal with it. In discussing the doctrine of laches,\" the court, in Penn. Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Austin, 168 U. S. 685, says: \u201cThe reason upon which the rule is based is not alone the lapse of time during which the neglect to enforce the right has existed, but the changes of condition which have arisen during the period in which there has been neglect. In other words, where a court of equity finds that the position of the parties has so changed that equitable relief can not be afforded without doing injustice, or that intervening rights of third persons may be destroyed or seriously impaired, it will not exert its equitable powers in order to save one from the consequences of his own neglect.\u201d See, also, Patterson v. Hewitt, 11 N M. 1. We have been unable to find, and onr attention is not directed by counsel for defendants to anything in the record for which the trial court could have found that prior to January 20, 1901, the position of the parties had so changed that equitable relief could not have been afforded without doing injustice.\nFurther, Mrs. Iiaffner having been in possession of the land in dispute, laches will not be imputed to her no matter how long her delay. 5 Pomeroy Eq. Jur., sec. 33. Numerous other points are discussed in the briefs which we do not deem it necessary to discuss in disposing of this appeal. Finding that the learned trial judge committed no error, the judgment in this cause is in all things affirmed.\nPope, C. J. did not participate in this decision.", "type": "majority", "author": "MECHEM, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "A. B. Renehan for Appellant.", "Thomas B. Catron for Appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "[No. 1388.\nDecember 8, 1911.]\nTINA HAFFNER RETSCH, OTTO RETSCH, Intervenor, Appellee, v. ALOIS B. RENEHAN, et al, Appellant.\nSYLLABUS (BY THE COURT).\n1. The statute does- not authorize a sheriff to charge or collect fees for the custody of real -estate under levy of an execution.\n2. Where, atta sale under execution, a sheriff causes to be made out of a judgment debtor\u2019s property illegal and improper charges, the'sale is fraudulent and voidable.\n8. Where real estate is bid in at an execution sale by the attorney of the judgment creditor for himself and not for his client he is charged with notice of the fraudulent acts of the sheriff in the conduct of the sale.\n4. One is not a purchaser for a valuable consideration where the consideration is antecedent debts without surrender or cancellation of any written security by the creditor.\n5. There being no evidence that the position of the parties had so changed that equitable relief could not have been afforded without doing injustice, the defense of laches is, not available. Following Penn. Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Austin, 168 U. S. 685.\n6. The plaintiff having been in possession of the land laches will not be imputed to her.\nAppeal from the District Court for Santa Fe County, before John R. McFie, Associate Justice.\nAffirmed.\nA. B. Renehan for Appellant.\nAfter offering land for sale on execution, in parcels, and failing to get bids, a sale en masse is rightful. White v. Crow, 110 U. S. 190; 20 Ene. P. & P. ,217; 17 Cyc. 1251; Oonstock v. Ilill, 127 Colo. 105; Osgood v. Black-more, 59 111. 208.\nThe purchaser is entitled to his deed on the day of the sale and to the immediate possession of the land. Rogers v. Carward, 55 Am. Dec. 733.\nThere was no wrong in the attorney\u2019s bidding and buying. Learned v. Geer, 139 Mass. 31.\nIrregularities for which a sale may be set aside may bo waived by the parties interested and waiver may be presumed from apparent acquiescence. Crawford v. Quinn, 35 la.' 54-3; Maplo v. Kussart, 53' Pa. St. 348; McConnel v. People, 71 111. 481; National Nickel Co. v. Nevada Nickel Syndicate, 106 Fed. 1.10; Barnes v. Zoerker, 107 Ind. 105; Frink v. Roe, 70 Cal. 302; '\u2019Shottenkirk v. Wheeler, 3 Johns, ch. 280; 17 Ene. L. 956; Bachelder Bros. v. Chaves, 5 N. M. 566; Stewart v. Severance, 43 Mo. 322; Gibson v. Lyon, 115 TJ. S. 447; Griffith et al v. Bogert, 18 How. 1G4; Doe v. Dutton, 2 Inch 809; Sowle v. Champion, 1G Inch 165; Hunter v. Turnpike Co., 56 Inch 213.\nA sale upon execution after the return clay is good if the levy ivas made before. Remington v. Lintbicum, 14 Pet. 90; Wheaton v. Sexton, 4 Wh. 503; Mason v. Bennett, 52 Fed. 345; Freeman Yoid Judicial Sales 113; Allen v. Kinyon, 41 Mich. 281; Freeman on Executions, sec. 6; Wyant v. Tuthill, 17 Neb. 496; Stewart v. Severance, 43 Mo. 322; Stein v. Chambliss. 18 la. 474; Young y. Smith, 76 Am. Dec. 83; Barden v. McKinney, 15 Am. Dec. 520; Rose v. Ingraham, 98 Inch 278; Southern Hotel Co. v. Hotel Co., 94 Cal. 221; Bradley v. Sanclilancls, 56 Minn. 45.\nIrregularities must be corrected at law. Kavenaugh v. Jakeway, Walker\u2019s Oh. Rep. 344, Mich.; Blair v. Compton, 33 Mich. 1; Campo v. Godfrey, 18 Mich. 44; Ross v. Mead, 5 Gilmouer 171; Pr\u00e1ether v. Hills, 36 111. 402; Gillespie v. Smith, 29 111. 481; Fergus-v. Woodward, 44 111. 374; M'cMullen v. Goble, 47 111. 67; Hay v. Ball, 77 111. 500; Roberts v. Fleming, 53 111. 196; Winchee v. Edwards, 57 II. 41; Osgood v. Blackmore, 59 Til. 26; Rinkney v. Small, 60 111. 416; Griffith et al v. Bogert et al, 18 How. 164; Yoorliees v. Bank, 10 Pet. 477; 2 Freeman on Executions, 3 ech sec. 310; Thompson v. Solmie, 2 Pet. 157; 2 Rose\u2019s Notes 817 & 821; Blaine v. The Ship, 4 Cr. 328.\nUnimportant discrepancies between judgment and execution will be disregarded, much more so in the notice of sale. Ten Eyck v. Walker, 4 Wendell 463.\nLacking the sheriff\u2019s return, his deed 'is sufficient evidence of his proceedings. Remington v. Linthicum, 14 Pet. 91; Wheaton v. Sexton, 4 Wheat. 503; McNitt v. Turner, 16 Wall. 365; Freeman on Executions, sec. 341; Rorer on Judicial & Execution Sales, sec. 641; Cooper v. Galbraith, 3 Wash. (C. C.) 550; Moore v. Fraser, 15 Or. 637.\nThe adjournment of the sale was proper at common law. Freeman on Executions, sec. 288; Gilbert v. WattsJDeGolyer Co., 169 111. 134; Blossom v. Railroad Co., 3 Wall. (L. ed. 43) 209; Freenlan Void Judicial Sales, sec. 288; Semines v. TJ. S., 91 TJ. S. 22; Rcqua v. Rhea,, 2' Paige 339.\nRepublication of notice was not requisite. 2 Freeman on Executions, 3 ed., sec. 288; Tinkham v. Pnrdy, 5 Johns 345; Russell v. Richards, 11 Me. 371; High os v. Long-worth, 4 Bar. 153; Warren y. Leland, 9 Mass. 265; Lexter v. Shepherd, 117 Mass. 485; Blossom v. Railroad Co., 3 Wall. 209; I-Iard v. Foster, 98 Mo. 313; Semines v. U. S., 22; Connell v. O\u2019Neall, 154 Pa. St. 591; Russell v. Gibbs, 5 Cow. 390; Y'an Camp y. Searle, 147 N. Y. 150; Allen v. Cole, 9 N. J. Eq. 286; Cox y. Halstead, 2 N. J. Eq. 311; Luther v. McMichael, 6 Humphr., Tenn. 298.\nPlaintiffs attorney may buy at execution sale in his own interest if he does not prejudice his client. Freeman Yoid Judicial Sales 123; Richards v. Holmes, 18 Howard 306.\nSheriff should not exact payment in coin when plaintiff is entitled to proceeds of sale and being entitled to fees his disposition of them is not subject to question. Freeman on Executions, sec. 301; Robinson y. Brennan, 90 N. Y. 208.\nNew Mexico has no provision for a certificate of sale, but there must be some writing to satisfy the statute of frauds. 2 Freeman on Executions, 3 ed., sec. 312; Leonard v. Flynn, 89 Cal. 535; Greer y. Clark, 31 Cal. 592; Remington v. Linthicum, 14 Pet. 92; Leland y. Wilson, 34 Tex. 91; Onerato\u2019s Interdiction, 46 La. Ann. 73; Jouet v. Mortimer, 29 La. Ann. 206; Porter v. Watson, 76 Pac. 841; Burk y. Bank,, 3 Head 686; Cannon y. Pillow, 7 Humphrey 292, Tenn.; 20 Ene. L. ed. 727; Leach v. Koenig, 55 Mo. 451; Schumate y. Reyns, 49 Mo. 333; Landis v. Brant, 10 How. 348; Keaton v. Thomason, 2 Swan, Tenn. 138; Pickett v. Pickett, 3 Lev. N. C. 6.\nStatute of Limitations is applied equally in equity as at law. The doctrine of laches is also available though not plead, and may even shorten the limitation period. Bank v. Daniels, 12 Pet. 32; Lewis v. Marshall, 5 Pet. J70; Curtner v. U. S., 149 D. S. 662; Moran v. Horsky, 178 TJ. S. 214; Miller v. McIntyre, 6 Pet. 61; Bacon v. Howard, 20 How. 22; Godden v. Kimmell, 99 U. S. 201; Badger y. Badger, 2 Wall. 87; Putnam v. Railroad Co., 16 Wall. 390; Bank v. Dispatch Co., 149 IJ. S. 436; Baker y. Cummings, 169 H. S- 189; Morris v. Haggin, 136 TJ. S. 386; Willard v. Wood, 164 TJ. S. 502; Hale v. Coffin, 114 Fed. 576, 120 Fed. 473; Richards v. Mackall, 124 TJ. S'. 183; Parker v. Dacres, 130 TJ. S. 49; Alsop v. Piker, 155 H. S. 461; Whitney v. Fox, 166 TJ. S. 648; Caulk y. Pace, 53 Fed. 714; Bartlett v. Ambrose, 78 Fed. 841; U. S. y. Moore, 12 How. 209; Sena v. H. S., 189 TJ. S. 241; Townsend v. Vanderwerker, 161 H. S. 171;, McIntyre V. Pryor, 173 H. S. 59; Brainerd v. Buck, 184 TJ. S. 109; Crosby v. Beale, 17 Wall. 336; Hoyt v. Sprague, 103 IT. S. 613; Ware v. Galveston City Co., 146 TJ. S. 116; Hayward y. Eliot National Bank, 96 TJ. S. 611; Upton y. Tibblecock, 91 U. S.- 45; C. L. 1897, secs. 2916, 2918; Upton v. McLaughlin, 105 U. S. 640; Rosenthal v. Walker, 111 TJ. S. 191; Teall v. Schroeder, 158 U. S. 172; 25 Cye. 1186; Baker y. Cummings, 169 U. S. 715; 17 Cvc. 1283; Dwayne v. Burke, 12 Pet. 24; Screyer y. Scott, 134 U. S. 409; Farrer v. Churchill, 135 U. S. 250; United States v. American Bell Telephone Co., 167 U. S. 154; Lalone v. United States, 164 U. S. 426; Evers v. 'Watson, 156 U. S. 523.\nIrregularities were waived by laches.' Koontz v. Bank, 16 Wall. 196; Voorhees v. Bank, 10 Pet. 473; Evers v. Watson, 156 U. S. 520; Jackson v. Spink, 59 111. 409; Beebe v. U. S., 161 U. S. 637; White v. Luning, 93 U. S. 523; Evers v. Watson, 156 U. S. 524.\nProof of fraud. Lyttle v. Lansing, 147 U. S.\nAttorney\u2019s appearance will be considered as authoritative and bind the principal unless clearly unauthorized. Osborn v. U. S. Bank, 9 Wh. 829; Hill y. Mendenhall, 21 Wall. 454; Coler v. Commissioners, 6 N. M. 116.\nA quit claim deed does not 'deprive the purchaser of innocence. Boone v. Chiles, 10 Pet. \u00cd77; U. S. v. Land-Company, 148 IT. S. 361; McDonald v. Belding, 145 IT. S. .788; Moelle v. Sherwood, 148 D. S. 350.\nA judicial sale and title acquired under the proceedings of a court of competent jurisdiction cannot be questioned collaterally except in a case of fraud. Griffith et al v. Bogart et al, 18 How. 164; Koontz v. Bank, 16 Wall. 196; 20 Ene. P. & P. 238; Lee v. Davis, 16 Ala. 516; Graaf v. Louis, 71 Fed. 594; Cassell v.' Joseph, 184 111. 378; Bray v. Adams, 114 Mo. 486; Stevenson\u2019s Heirs v. McCreary 51 Am. Dee. 102.\nThe sheriff\u2019s fees and retaxation. Parrisher v. Waldo, 72 111. 71; Mann v. Warner,, 22 Mo. App. 577; 5 Enc. P. & P. 246; Perfield v. James, 4 Hun. 69; Hart v. Lindsey, Walk. 72 Mich.; 2 Freeman on Executions, sec. 296.\nSheriff is presumed to have done Ms duty. Rohrer on Jud. and Ex. Sales, sec. 641; Gantley\u2019s Lessee v. Ewing, 3 How. 714.\nWhere execution debtor procures postponement he is bound. Payne v. Billingham, 10 Iowa 360.\nDefendant\u2019s attorney may buy at public sale. Fischer v. Mclnnerney, 137 Cal. 28.\nPlaintiff or intervenor cannot recover in any event without repayment of purchase price with interest. Graaf v. Louis, 71 Fed. 594; Davis v. McCann, 145 Mo. 179.\nNotice. Freeman Yoid Jud., Sales, sec. 287.\nWrit of venditioni exponas. Ritchie v. Higginbotham, 26 Kas. 647; 8 Words and Phrases 7290.\nClerk\u2019s records may be shown to be badly kept. Stevenson\u2019s Heirs v. McCreary, 51 Am. Dec. 103.\nCourts of equity are bound by statutes of limitations the same as courts of law. Baker v. Cummings, 169 H. S. 715.\nIn judicial or execution sales possession by the judgment or execution debtor either exists or will be presumed to exist. 5 Pom. Eq. Jur., sec. 33; Simmons Creek Coal Co. r. Doran,. 142 IT. S. 1075; Penn. Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Austin, 168 H. S. 685.\nRecord of a conveyance charges all persons interested with notice of any fraud thereby committed. Teal v. Schroeder, 168 H. S. 172; C. L.-1897, secs. 2916, 2918.\nIt was unnecessary to plead specifically the plea of laches or statute of limitations. Badger v. Badger, 2 Wall. 95; Richards v. Mackall, 124 U. S. 187; 25 Cyc. 1406; Alexander v. Bryan, 110 U. S. 420; Hayward v. Elliott Nat. Bank, 96 TJ. S. 611; Upton v. Tribblecock, 91 U. S. 45.\nThomas B. Catron for Appellee.\nThe right to levy on, advertise and sell lands is statutory and each statute must be strictly construed. 2 Freeman on Ex., secs. 172, 285, 288; Gentry v. Ewing, 3 How. 713; Jones v. Jones, 1 Bland. 443; Suth. Stat. Con., secs. 400, 454, 455, 456; C. L. 1897, secs. 3106, 3113-3115, 3117; Corwin v. Merritt, 3 Barb. 341; Bloom v. Burdick, 1 Hill 130; Brisbane v. Peabody, 3 How. Pr. 109; Rogers v. Murray, 3 Paige 390; Atkins v. Kerman, 20 Wend. 249; Shennard v. Reade, 7 Hill 431; Sharp v. Spier, 4 Hill 76; Morse v. Williams, 35 Barb. 472; Sherman v. Dodge, 6 John Ch. 107; Sibley v. Smith, 2 Mich. 486; Koch v. Bridges, 45 Miss. 247; South. Stat. Con., sec. 455'; People v. Schemerhorn, 19 Barb. 558; Hurford v. Omaha, 4 Neb. 336; Best v. Gholson, 89 111. 455; People v. Cook, 14 Barb. 290, 8 N. Y. 67; Marsh v. Chestnut, 14 111. 223; Clark v. Crane, 5 Mich. 151; State v. McLean, 9 Wis. 292; Norwegian Street, 81 Pa. St. 349; McKune v. Weller, 11 Cal. 49; in re Watts, 1 N. M. 541; Laws 1897, chap. 45, sec. 7; Todd v. Phillhower, 4 Zab. 796; Den v. Young, 7 Hal. 300; French v. Edwards, 13 Wall. 511; Ransom v. Williams, 2 Wall. 319; Rounsville v. Hazen, 33 Kas. 71; Hoffman v. Gaines, 47 Ark. 226; Dula v. Seagle, 98 N. C. 458; Mitchell v. Noaway Co., 80 Mo. 257; Ware v. Bradford, 2 Ala.-676; Brooks v. Rooney, 11 Ga. 423; Hobein v. Murphy, 20 Mo. 447; Lawrence v. Spied, 2 Bib. 401; Kilby v. Haggan, 2 J. J. Marsh 208; Osgood v. Blackmore, 59 111. 261; Jackson v. Spink, 59 111. 484; Curd v. Lackland, 49 Mo. 251; Draper v. Brysan, 17 Mo. 71; Muir v. Natchez, 4 S. & M. 602; Evans v. Robbison, 92 Mo. 199; Williams v. Peyton, 4 Wheat. 79; McMichael v. McDermott, 17 Pa. St. 353; Richards v. Hnangst, 15 Pa. St. 90; Martin v. Bright\u2019s Iieirs, 20 Am. Dec. 226; Stockton v. Orings, 12 Am. Dec. 302; Pa. St. 420; Pnr\u00f3e v. Evans, 61 Am. Dec. 420; Trumble v. Turner, 53 Am. Dec. 90; Kloop v. \"VYitingen, 43 Pa. St. 225; T. J. Taylor & Co. v. Pacific Co.,, 122 F. R. 145; Hopton et a\u00ed v. Swan, 50 Miss. 549; Farr v. Sims, 24 Am. Dec. 263; Mills v. Rogers, 13 Am. Dec. 564; Smith v. Grantee, IS Am. Dec. 263; Jones v. R. R. Co., 32 N H. 295; McClean County Bank v. Flagg, 31 111. 295; Cummings\u2019 Appeal, 23 Penn. St. 509; Rorer on Jnd. Sales, 855; Ryerson v. Nicholson, 2 Yates Rep. 516; Friedly v. Sheetz, 9 S. & R. 162; Rowley v. Brown, 1 Binney R. 61; Jackson v. Roberts, 7 Wend. Rep. 888; Garble v. Carble, 7 J. J. Marshall 625; Denning v. Smith, 2 John Ch. 342-4; Benson v. Smith, 42 Me. 425; Ollis v. Kirkpatrick, 3 Idaho 34; Free. Void Jud.- Sales, sec. 30; Thornton v. Boyden, 31 111. 210; Montgomery v. Barnes, 19 La. Ann. 160; Enlow v. Miles, 12 S. & M. 147; Patten v. Stewart, 26 Ind. 395; Iluntz v. Worthington, 4'Pa. St. 153; Williams v. Bailow, 49 Ga. 530; Donthell v. Kettle, 104 111. 360; Ryerson v. Nicholson, 2 Yates 516; Friedly v. Selrutz, 9 S. & R. 162; Rowley v. Brown, 1 Binnev 61; Rorer on Jud. Sales, secs. 730, 735, 746, 747, 748, 751, 757,. 753, 1106, 1107; Jacobs v. Bucka3oo, 4 Ariz. 254; 2 Dembtz Ld. Tit., sec. 171; Nesviit v. Dallam, 7 G. & J., Md. 512; Woods v. Monel], 1 John Ch. 702; Tiernan v. Wilson, 6 John Ch. 411; Steads Ex. v. Course, 4 Or. TJ. S. 403; Johnson v. Newton, 18 Johns 335; Berry v. Griffith, 2 H. & G. Md. 337.\nThe sheriff under an execution has no right to take possession of the real estate. Free, on Ex., sec. 280a.; 2 Dembtz. Land Tit.,, sec. 171; Morgan v. Kumey, 38 Ohio' St. 601; Walters v. Duval, 1st G. & J., Md. 37; Wood v. Weir, 5 B. Mon. 544; Huston v. Duncan, 1 Bush. 205; Addison v. Crow, 5 Dana 271; Woolfolk .v. Overton, 3 A. K. Marsh 69; Morton v. Sanders, 2 J. J. Marsh 142; Lad(l_ v. Blunt,' 2 Mass. 402.\nSales to raise a greater sum than authorized or a greater quantity than necessary are void. Dawson v. Letsey. 10 Bush 408; Peterson v. Corneal, 3 A. K. Marsh 618; Tiernaxi v. Wilson, 6 Johns. Ch. 411; Stead v. Course, 4 Cranch 403; Brown v. Ferrea, 51 Cal. 552; Mays v. Wlieny, 58 Tenn. 138; Borer Jnd. Sales,, 901, 902, 921, 11031\nSheriff\u2019s deed not paid for and made before the time for redemption expired, is void. C. L. sec. 3117; 2 Dembtz Ld. Tit., sec. 174; 2 Devlin on Deeds, sec. 1427; Borer Jud. Sales, sec. 956; 4 Kent. Comm. 431; Delahay y. McConnell, 4 Scam. 152; Gorham v. May, 10 Mich. 485; Grous v. Fowler, 21 Cal. 392; Moore y. Martin, 38 Cal. 438; Cemall v. Oleim, 33 Cal. 666; Hall v. Youell, 45 Cal. 584; Negley v. Stewart, 10 S. & B. 207; Bobins y. Bellas, 2 Watts 359; Isler y. Andrews, 66 N. C. 552; Buckle v. Barstow, 48 Ind. 274; Aldrich v. Wilcox, 10 B. I. 405; Phillips v. Foster, 19 Ga. 298; Swope v. Artery,. 5 Ind. 213; Chapman y. Howard, 8 Black 82; Meina v. Elliott, 51 Cal. 8; Swayze v. Burke, 12 Pet. 24.\nThe plaintiff\u2019s attorney cannot purchase at all. Meina y. Elliott, 51 Cal. 8; West y. Waddell,\u201933 Ark. 575; Hall v. Hollott, 1 Cox. 134; Wright Exr. v. Walker, 30 Ark. 44; 2 Freeman on Executions, sec. 292; C. L. 1897, sec. 3117; 2 Dan. Ch. Pr. 1267; Harper y. Perry, 28 Iowa 60; Stockton r. Ford, 11 How. 246; Brotherson y. Calsalus, 26 How. Pr. 18; Henry v. Bamain, 25 Pa. St. 345 ; Howell y. Baker, 4 John Ch. 119; 1 Story\u2019s Eq., sec. 311; Wormly v. Wormly, 8 Wheat. 445; Starr et al v. Vanderhuydeii, 9 Johns. 253; Merritt v. Lamert, 10 Paige 358; Howell et al v. Bansom et al, 11 id. 538; Howell v. Baker, 4 Johns. Ch. 120; Armstrong y..Huston\u2019s Heirs, 8 Ohio 554; Wade v. Pettibone, 11 id. 57; West v. Baymond, 21 Ind. 306-8 ; Gay v. Parpart, 106 IT. S. 697; Barstow v. Beckett, 122 Fed. Bep. 141; Allore v. Jewell, 94 IT. S. 506; Scliroecler y. Young, 161 IT. S. 334; Howell\u2019s Heirs v. McCreary\u2019s Heirs, 7 Dana 388; Graffam v. Burgess, 117 IT. S. 180; Byers v. Surget, 19 How. 303; McIntyre y. Pryor, 173 IT. S. 38; Prevost v. Grate, 6 Wheat. 481; 1 Beach\u2019s Eq. 354; Smith y. Ayer, 101 IT. S. 326; Clute y. Barron, 2 Mich. 194; Bankin v. Porter, 7 Watts 390; Teakle v. Bailey, 2 Brock. 44; Banks v. Judah, 8 Conn. 157; Church v. Marine Ins. Co., 1 Mason 344; Barker v. Marino Ins. Co., 2 Mason 369; Copeland v. Mercantile Ins. Co., 6 Pick. 204; Miclrond v. Girod,, 4 How. 552; Davoue v. Fanning, 2 Johns Ch. 252; C. L. 1897, sec. 3126; Denny v. Smith, 3 Johns. Ch. 332; Brown y. Bulkley, 14 N. J. L. 457; Clute v. Barron. 2 Mich. 198; Galbraith y. Elder, 8 Watts 547; Harper v. Perry, 28 Iowa 60; Ilackenburg v. Carlile, 5 W. & S. 348; Henry v. Haim an, 25 Pa. St. 359; Pacific E. E. Co. v. Ketchum, 101 H. S. 500; Stockton y. Ford, 11 How. 246; 2 Freeman on Ex., sec. 292; Howell v. Baker, 9 John. Ch. 120; Johnson v. Outlaw, 56 Miss. 547; Succession'of IIoss., 42 La. Ann. 1026; Hall y. \u00cd-Iallett, 1 Cox. 134; Manning v. Hayden, 5 Saw. 380; Bliss v. Prichard, 67 Mo. 181; 2 Pom. Eq. Jur., see. 1049; Case v. Carroll, 35 N. Y. 380; Howell y. Eansom, 11 Paige 538; Merritt v. Lamber, 10 Paige 358.\nThe time in which the suit can be brought to vacate a sale is governed by no fixed rules; it is regulated by the facts and the determination of the court on the facts. 2 Freeman on Ex., sec. 296; Belf v. Elberly, 23 Iowa 467; Williams v. Allison, 3'3 Iowa 284; Hali v. Allison, 33 Iowa 284; Hall v. Hallett, 1 Cox. 135; Barstow v. Beckett, 122 Fed. E. 146; McIntyre v. Pryor, 173 H. S. 54, et seq.; Michaud v. Girod, 4 How. 560; Prevost v. Gante, 6 Wheat. 497; Baker v. Whiting, 3 Summ. 475; Allore v. Jewel, 94 H. S. 506; Mea\u00dcer v. Norton, 11 Wall. 442; Ins. Co. v. Eldridge, 102 H. S. 548; Townsend v. Yanderruther, 160 IJ. S. 186; Moreland v. Bowling, 3 Gill. 500; Morris v. Bobey, 73 111. 463; Devoe v. Fanning, 2 John. Ch. 269; citing New York Bldg. Co. v. McKenzie, decided by House of Lords.'\nFraud. Farr v. Sims, 24 Am. Dec. 403; Neilson v McDonald, 6 John Ch. 204; 4 John Ch. 254.\nNotice. Webber v. Clark, 136 111. 270; Smith v. Huntoon, 134 111. 30; Stewart v. Mathery, 66 Miss. 25; Norton v. Neb. L. & F. Co., 35 Neb. 470; Dennerlin v. Dennerlin, 111 N. Y. 52; Wood v. Krebbs, 30 Gratt. 715; Long v. Weller, 29 Gratt. 347; Cordova v. Hood, 17 Wall. 1; Brush v. Ware, 15 Pet. 114; Brittain v. Crowther, 54 Fed. 298; Williams v. Jones, 43 W. Ya. 562; Gantly\u2019s Less. y. Ewing, 3 How. 714; Wood v. Carpenter, 101 H. S. 141; \u2022 Shauer y. Alerton, 151 H. S. 622; Kennedy v. Green, 3 Myl. & K. 722; Singer v. Jacobs, 3 McC. 638; Schulenberg v. Karbureck, 2 Dill.; Bartles v. Gibson, 17 Fed. 297; Cordova v. Hood, 17 Wall. 8; Reynolds v. Harris, 14 Cal. 667; Turner v. Bank, 78 Ind. 19; Ayres v. Campbell, 9 Iowa 213; Wormly v. Wormly, 8 AYheat. 445; Wood v. Robinson, 22 N. Y. 567; Mingus v. Condit, 23 N. J. Eq., Gren. 315; Smith v. Huntoon, 134 111. 24; Webber v. Clark, 136 111. 256; Huber v. Hess, 191 111. 304; Miller v. McAlister, 197 111. 305; Bunqoes v. Dotson, 7 Hump. 310; Forsyth v. Matthews, 14 Pa. St. 100; Engraham v. Pate, 51 Ga. 537; Howell v. Mitchell, 61 Ala. 280; Sherman v. Hogland, 73 Ind. 473; Marshall v. Croom, 60 Ala. 121; Fischer v. Shelner, 53 AVis. 481; Sutz v. Mitchell, 94 H. S. 580; May Frailxl. Conveyances 236; Demarest v. Terhune, 18 N J. Eq. 49; Reeger v. Davis, 67 N. C. 189.\nThe absence of a change of possession as prima facie or presumptive evidence of fraud. Crawford v. Kirksley, 55 Ala. 300; Mayer v. Clark, 40 Ala. 259; Voredenberg v. AYhite, 1 John. Cases, N. Y. 156; Beabs v. Guernsey, S John. 446; Barrow v. Paxton, 5 Johns. 258; Rothchild v. Rowe, 44 AH. 393; Coburn v. Taft, 58 N H. 445; Dempsey v. Gardner, 127 Mass. 381; Mead v. Gardner, 13 R. I. 257.\nNo proceedings to set aside the sale would be required until the return of the execution was filed. More-land v. Bowling, 3 Gill. 500.\nAbsence of payment of judgment and costs fraudulent. Negley v. Stewart, 10 S. & R. 207; Iser v. Andrews, 66 N. C. 552; Aldrich v. Wilcox, 10 R. I. 845; Phillips y. Foster, 19 Ga. 298; Swope v. Ardeiy, 5 Ind. 213; Chapman v. Howard, 8 Black. 82; People v. Hays, 5 Cal. 66; Buckle v. Barbour, 48 Ind. 274.\nThere should have been a specific denial of each fact. 2 AY ait\u2019s Prac. 423; Gallaher v. Cunningham, 8 Cow. 373; Heally v. Finster, 2 John. Ch. 160; Frost v. Beekman, 1 John. Ch. 301; Girard v. Saunders, 2 AHs. Jr. 454; Balcom v. N. Y. L. Ins. Co., 11 Paige 466; Nanz v. McPherson, 7 Mon. 600; Curtis v. Lunn, 6 Munf. 42; Galatin y. Irwin, Hopkins Ch. 48; Pillow v. Thaum Heirs, 3 Yerg. 508; Murray v. Ballow, 1 John. Ch. 574; Edwards v. Lent, 8 How. Pr. 28; Ketcham v. Zerega, 1 E. D. Smith 553; Lawrence v. Derby, 24 How. Pr. 133; Poles y. Hick, 12 How. Pr. 153; 2 Wait\u2019s Pr. 423; Lewis r. Acker, 11 How. Pr. 163; Richardson v. Wilton, 4 Sand. 708; Beebe v. Marrow, 17 Abb. 194; Sherman y. N. Y. Cent., Mills Id. 187; Chapman v. Palmer, 12 How. P. 37.\nActual, notorious and exclusive possession of the land takes the place of the recording of the instrument of title. 1 Beach Mad. Court, sec. 354; Chapman v. Chapman, 21 S. E. R. 813; Hornes v. Powell, 8 De Gex., M. & G. 572; 2 Pomeroy\u2019s Eq. Jur., see. 614; Phelan y. Brady, 119 N. Y. 587; 1 Warvelle on Vendors 669.\nA failure of consideration may be alleged in case o\u00ed total failure of the title of the l|and sold. Hall v. McArthur, 82 Ga. 572; Anderson v. Anstead, 69 111. 452; Julian v. Beel, 26 Inch 220; Sunderland v. Bell, 39 Kas. 663; Baird v. Lsevison, 91 Ky. 204; Curtis v. Clark, 133 Mass. 509; Burns v. Hayden, 24 Mo. 215; West v. Shaw, 32 W. Va. 195; Rice v'. Goddard, 11 Pick. 293.\nSTATEMENT OF FACTS.\nThe plaintiff, Tina Haffner Retsch, widow and sole-heir of Louis Haffner, filed her complaint in this action January 20, 1901, against the defendant, Alois B. Renehan and M. R. Fogarty, to set aside certain deeds to real estate and to remove the same as clouds from her title thereto. Judgment for plaintiff. Defendants appeal." }, "file_name": "0541-01", "first_page_order": 615, "last_page_order": 629 }