{ "id": 208842, "name": "TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO, Appellee, v. RICHARD C. GRAVES, Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "Territory of New Mexico v. Graves", "decision_date": "1912-06-14", "docket_number": "No. 1433", "first_page": "241", "last_page": "246", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "17 N.M. 241" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.M.", "id": 8835, "name": "Supreme Court of New Mexico" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 52, "name_long": "New Mexico", "name": "N.M." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "1 N. M. 147", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 8300672 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nm/1/0147-01" ] }, { "cite": "8 N. M. 70", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 4663618 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nm/8/0070-01" ] }, { "cite": "6 N. M. 173", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 4651367 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/nm/6/0173-01" ] }, { "cite": "57 N. 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App.", "case_ids": [ 1768977 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/colo-app/1/0196-01" ] }, { "cite": "27 Kas. 5", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Kan.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "3 Kas. 499", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Kan.", "case_ids": [ 65101 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/kan/3/0499-01" ] }, { "cite": "23 Kas. 468", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Kan.", "case_ids": [ 84965 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/kan/23/0468-01" ] }, { "cite": "27 Kas. 643", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Kan.", "case_ids": [ 611185 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/kan/27/0643-01" ] }, { "cite": "90 Pac. 927", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "22 Mont. 92", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mont.", "case_ids": [ 2294139 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/mont/22/0092-01" ] }, { "cite": "26 Mont. 71", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mont.", "case_ids": [ 8587268 ], "opinion_index": -1, "case_paths": [ "/mont/26/0071-01" ] }, { "cite": "44 Kas. 493", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Kan.", "opinion_index": -1 }, { "cite": "2 N. 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RICHARD C. GRAVES, Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "OPINION OP THE COURT.\nHANNA, J.\nIn the presentation of this case a number of errors are assigned with respect to giving and refusing instructions, and admission of testimony, but as-we have concluded to base our opinion upon the merits of the case it will not be necessary to pass upon these assignments of error.\nThe question of larceny having been eliminated from the case by the verdict of the jury, we will turn our attention to the second count of the indictment upon which the verdict of the jury in this case rests. This -count is based upon sec. 1117 of the Compiled Laws of 1897, which is as follows:\n\u201cEvery person who shall buy, receive or aid in the concealment of stolen money, goods or property, knowing the-same to have been stolen, shall be punished by imprisonment in the Territorial prison or county jail not more than four years nor less than three months, or by fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.\u201d\nOur attention has been called to similarity of this statute and the Virginia statute, and the further fact that the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia, in the case of Hey v. The Commonwealth, 32 Gratt (Va.) 946-951, held that to convict an offender against this statute four things must be proved, viz:\n\u201c1. That the goods or other things previously stolen-by some other person;\n2. That the accused bought or received them -from another person, or aided in the concealing of them;\n3. That, at the time he so bought or received them, or aided in concealing them, he knew they had been stolen;\n4. That he so bought or received them or aided in concealing them, malo animo, or with a dishonest intent.\u201d\nIt has been said that the general rule, subject to a few exceptions, is that to sustain a conviction on this charge, the burden rests upon the prosecution to prove-the four distinct elements enumerated above. 10 Encl. of Evd. 665.\nUnder sec., 1117 the felonious receiving of stolen property, knowing the same to have been stolen, is a substantive offense, and distinct from larceny. Higgins v. People, 135 Ill. 343.\nWe are also of the opinion that where the evidence shows that the defendant was himself guilty of the theft, there can be no conviction of feloniously receiving the property in question knowing it to have been stolen. State v. Honigg, 78 Mo. 249.\nAmong the numerous assignments of error we deem it necessary to consider but one, viz: the alleged lack of evidence to support the verdict. We are reluctant to base our opinion, in any case, upon insufficiency of evidence, but in this case there is clearly a total failure of proof as to the essential elements, pointed out in this opinion, necessary to constitute the offense charged in the second count of the indictment in this case.\nIt would appear from the record that the jury mistook the evidence as establishing that appellant was guilty of receiving, or aiding, in the concealment of stolen property, or both; while if any criminal offense is proven, by the evidence, it is that of larceny.\nWhen the appellant took possession of the cow, at the Berrendo place, he was guilty of the crime of larceny, if he committed any crime at all.\nFor the reasons assigned, the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.", "type": "majority", "author": "HANNA, J." } ], "attorneys": [ "W. W. Gatewood a.nd R. L. Graves, for Appellant.", "Frank T\\r. Clancy, Attorney General, for Appellees." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "[No. 1433,\nJune 14, 1912.]\nTERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO, Appellee, v. RICHARD C. GRAVES, Appellant.\nSYLLABUS (BY THE COURT).\n1. To sustain the prosecution of a prisoner for receiving goods, knowing them to be stolen four things must be proved:\n(1) That the goods or other things were previously stolen by some other person.\n(2) That the accused bought or received them from another person, or aided in the concealing of them.\n(3) That, at the time he so bought or received them, or aided in concealing them, he knew they had been stolen.\n(4) That he so bought or received them, or aided in concealing them, malo animo, or with a dishonest intent.\n2. The felonious receiving of stolen property, knowing the same to have been stolen, is a substantive offense, and distinct from larceny.\n3. One cannot at the same time be a principal in a larceny, and in a legal sense a receiver of the stolen property.\nW. W. Gatewood a.nd R. L. Graves, for Appellant.\nSection 1117, compiled laws, construed. Armijo v. Armijo, 4 N. M. 57; Douglass v. Lewis, 3 N. M. 596; Hey v. Com., 32 Gratt. 946; 34 Cyc. 515; 10 Ency. of Ev. 665-6; Clark & M. Law of Crimes (2nd ed.) sec. 280; 24 Encyc. of L. (2nd ed.) 45, par. Ill; id. 46, par. 2; id. 47, par. 3; id. 48, par. 4.\nSome of the courts in specifying the elements of the offense combine the second and third stated above in one, and thus enumerate but three. Aldrich v. People, 101; People v. Tilley, 135 Cal. 61.\nThere seems to be no discord among the authorities as to the first element of the offense stated above \u2014 all supporting it without an exception as far as ascertained. Kirby v. U. S., 174 IT. S. 47; Com. v. Elisha, 3 Gray 460 ; Aldrich v. People, 101 111. 16; Williams v. People, 101 111. 382; People v. Hartwell, 55 N E. 929; Foster v. State, 38 Fla. 3; O\u2019Connell v. State, 55 Ga. 296; H. S. v. Montgomery, 3 Sawy. 544; Curran v. State, 76 Pac. 577; People v. Tilley, 67 Pac. 42; Queen v. Wiley, 2 Den. C. C. 37; Com. v. Light, 10 Pa. Supr. Ct. 66.\nAs to guilty knowledge of the larceny. Wright v. State,. 5 Yeager, 154; State v. Pray, 94 Pac. 218; People v. Levi-son, 16 Cal. 98; May v. People, 60 111. 120; Anderson v. People, 60 111. 345; State v. Caveness, 78 N C. 481.\nAs to the malo animo or dishonest intent with which the1 property was received. Leonardo v. Territory, 1 N M. 291; Eice v. State, 50 Tenn. 215; State v. Pardee, 37 Ohio-St. 63; Arda v. State, 26 Tex. App. 193; H. S. v. Lowenstein, 21 D. C. 515; People v. Johnson, 1 Park. Or. E. 564; State v. Hodges, 55 Md. 127.\nThere is no evidence to support the verdict of the jury. Secs. 22 and 25, laws of 1907, p. Ill; Weber v. Kirkundall, 44 Neb. 766; Ehorer v. Brockhage, 15 Mo. Ap. 16; Nave v. Nave, 12 Ind. 1; State v. Tominson, 11 la. 401; Bed-ford v. State, 5 Hump. 552; Dains v. State, 2 Hump. 442;. State v. Jones, 12 Mo. Ap. 93; Anderson v. State, 43 Conn. 514; Falk v. People, 42 111. 331; U. S. v. Briggs, 19 D. C. 585; People v. Knutte, 111 Cal. 453; Eeynolds v. Staab, 4 N. M. 606; Euiz v. Territory, 10 N. M. 132; Faulkner v. Territory, 6 N. M. 464; Baca v. Fulton, 3 N. M. 352; Territory v. Webb, 2 N. M. 147; Eomero v. Gonzales, 3 N. M-. 5; Prior v. Eio Grande Irr. etc., 10 N. M. 711; Waldo v. Beckwith, 1 N. M. 97; Stamm et al. v. Albuquerque, 10 N. M. 491.\nOrdinarily neither the verdict of a jury nor the findings of fact by a trial court will be disturbed in this court when they are supported by any substantial evidence. Candelaria v. Miera, 13 N. M. 361; Perea v. Barela, 6 N. M.. 239; Territory v. West, 14 N. M. 546; Territory v. Neatherlin, 13 N. M. 491; Territory v. Sias; Ortiz v. Bank, 12 N. M. 519; Territory v. Edie, 7 N. M. 183; Territory v. Gonzales, 11 N. M1. 301; Robinson v. Palatine Ins. Go., 11 N. M. 162; Archibeque v. Miera, 1 N. M. 160; Lynch v. Grayson, 7 N. M. 26; Badean v. Baca, 2 N. M. 194; State v. Spidler, 44 Kas. 493; State v. Poster, 26 Mont. 71; State v. Welch, 22 Mont. 92; State v. Pennick, 90 Pac. 927; Irwin v. Thompson, 27 Kas. 643; How v. Lincoln, 23 Kas. 468; Ermnl v. Kullock, 3 Kas. 499; Johnson v. Burns, 27 Kas. 5; Wachsmith v. Heil, 1 Colo. App. 196; Fidelity Inv. Co. v. Carico, 1 Colo. App. 292; A. T. & S. F. By. Co. v. Wagner, 33 Kas. 660.\nBefore testimony of recent possession of stolen property can be considered against the receiver, there must be testimony tending to prove that some person other than the receiver previously stole said property. O\u2019Connell v. State, 55 Ga. 296; State v. Pray, 94 Pac. 218.\nThe verdict was contrary to the law of the case. Swartout v. Willingham, 31 Abb. N. Cas. 66; State v. Bulla, 89 Mo. 595; Trail v. State, 57 S. W. 92; Sisk v. State, 42 S. W. 985.\nTestimony tending to prove that the defendant committed another though similar crime, is not admissible as tending to prove that he is guilty of the crime for which he is on trial, unless testimony is given tending to show that the two offenses are involved in and are parts of one and the same transaction. State v. Myers, 82 Mo. 553; Regina v. Oddy, 5 Coxe\u2019s S. C. 219; Shaffner v. Comm. 72 Penn. St. 60; People v. Corbin, 56 N. Y. 363; Coleman v. People, 55 N. Y. 90; State v. Benton, 15 N. H. 174; State v. Lepage, 57 N. H. 245.\nMotion for new trial should have been sustained. H. S. v. DeAmador, 6 N. M. 173; Territory v. Barrett, 8 N. M. 70.\nThe supreme court in appeals or writs of error shall examine the record. Chap. 16, sec. 38, laws 1907; Kearny\u2019s Code, 1846, sec. 14, \u201cCourts and Judicial Powers\u201d; Chaves v. McKnight, 1 N. M. 147.\nFrank T\\r. Clancy, Attorney General, for Appellees.\nThe only question in this case is whether, the trial court after hearing and considering all the evidence, erred in not withdrawing the case from the jury and instructing it to find appellant not guilty, or after verdict and after \u2022careful consideration of all the facts and law of the case, in not granting the motion for a new trial. Territory v. West, 14 N. M. 546; IT. S. v. Sena, lo N. M. 202.\nSTATEMENT OP PACTS.\nAppellant, Bichard' C. Graves, was indicted at the May \u25a0term, 1911, of the District Court of Chaves County, for the larceny of a cow and for feloniously receiving and aiding in the concealment of said coy, knowing the same to have been stolen. The indictment is in two counts, the first charging larceny, and the second charging receiving \u25a0and aiding in concealment.'\nAppellant was arraigned May 8, 1911, and pleaded generally to the indictment \u201cnot guilty.\u201d Trial was had at the then May term and the jury returned a verdict of \u201cguilty as charged\u201d in the second count of the indictment. The court overruled motions for a new trial and in arrest \u2022of judgment, and rendered judgment upon the .verdict, \u2022and defendant prajred this appeal.\nThe record discloses that the cow, in question, was missed by the owner on January 10, 1911, who tracked her until he lost the trail. It was shown that the cow was seen, with other cattle, for several days at a place known as the Berrendo farm; that one of the prosecuting witnesses asked appellant if he knew of anyone who had lost the cow, and that appellant replied that she belonged to the section foreman, that he would get the cow and send the -owner word or take her to him. It does not appear that the appellant got the cow, but two or three daj^s later, this witness testified, the cow disappeared and several da3rs later the owner brought the cow back b3r the place. The \u25a0owner testified that he recovrered the cow about March 5. 1911; that he found her in appellant\u2019s pasture." }, "file_name": "0241-01", "first_page_order": 241, "last_page_order": 246 }