{ "id": 2803761, "name": "BOARD OF EQUALIZATION OF the COUNTY OF BERNALILLO, New Mexico, and its individual members, Gerald R. Cornelius, Harry E. Kinney, Vance Mauney, Petitioners-Appellees, v. HEIGHTS REAL ESTATE COMPANY et al., Respondents-Appellants", "name_abbreviation": "Board of Equalization v. Heights Real Estate Co.", "decision_date": "1964-03-23", "docket_number": "No. 7355", "first_page": "101", "last_page": "112", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "74 N.M. 101" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "391 P.2d 328" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.M.", "id": 8835, "name": "Supreme Court of New Mexico" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 52, "name_long": "New Mexico", "name": "N.M." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "49 F.2d 876", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 1828148 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/49/0876-01" ] }, { "cite": "9 CCA 1931", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "C.C.A.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "66 Idaho 118", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Idaho", "case_ids": [ 4541125 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/idaho/66/0118-01" ] }, { "cite": "3 South. 507", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "So.", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "511" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "41 La.Ann. 1156", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "La. Ann.", "case_ids": [ 5290898 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/la-ann/41/1156-01" ] }, { "cite": "4 Atl. 578", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.", "pin_cites": [ { "page": "607" } ], "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "48 N.J.Law 146", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.J.L.", "case_ids": [ 331265 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/njl/48/0146-01" ] }, { "cite": "142 P. 927", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "19 N.M. 312", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 4705826 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/19/0312-01" ] }, { "cite": "134 P. 206", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "17 N.M. 654", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 208915 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/17/0654-01" ] }, { "cite": "35 L.R.A. 759", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L.R.A.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "46 P. 723", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "23 Nev. 283", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Nev.", "case_ids": [ 4636502 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nev/23/0283-01" ] }, { "cite": "23 P. 530", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "83 Cal. 447", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Cal.", "case_ids": [ 1966408 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/cal/83/0447-01" ] }, { "cite": "84 Mont. 200", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Mont.", "case_ids": [ 4905470 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/mont/84/0200-01" ] }, { "cite": "30 Idaho 197", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Idaho", "case_ids": [ 2323278 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/idaho/30/0197-01" ] }, { "cite": "96 P. 443", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "43 Colo. 464", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Colo.", "case_ids": [ 5302159 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/colo/43/0464-01" ] }, { "cite": "22 Wyo. 336", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Wyo.", "case_ids": [ 8515538 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/wyo/22/0336-01" ] }, { "cite": "301 P.2d 518", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "case_ids": [ 5317287 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/61/0407-02" ] }, { "cite": "61 N.M. 407", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 5318580, 5317287 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/61/0407-01", "/nm/61/0407-02" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 924, "char_count": 28027, "ocr_confidence": 0.649, "pagerank": { "raw": 9.149331047659621e-08, "percentile": 0.5081802066452523 }, "sha256": "2c59cd45ae1907ceed1475d3738a237d9e038067415728b1b82dc4f4bb1e1fad", "simhash": "1:3d03c5fb6f04d664", "word_count": 4787 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T17:26:44.283414+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "COMPTON, C. J., and CARMODY, J., concur." ], "parties": [ "BOARD OF EQUALIZATION OF the COUNTY OF BERNALILLO, New Mexico, and its individual members, Gerald R. Cornelius, Harry E. Kinney, Vance Mauney, Petitioners-Appellees, v. HEIGHTS REAL ESTATE COMPANY et al., Respondents-Appellants." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "CHAVEZ, Justice..\nRespondents-appellants appeal from a judgment of .the district court of Bernalillo County, which construed \u00a7 72-1-3, N.M. S.A., 1953 Comp., as requiring the county 'assessor to place lands being purchased under contract from the State of New Mexico on the tax assessment roll at 16% of the total contract price paid for said lands, or the true market value thereof. Petitioners-appellees will be referred to as the \u201cBoard,\u201d and respondents-appellants \u00e1s \u201cpurchasers.\u201d\nThe Bo\u00e1rd filed a petition against the New Mexico State Tax Commission and the State of New Mexico, alleging that the county assessor of Bernalillo County assessed the interest of purchasers under executory contracts for the purchase of state land at 5%'of the total contract price as the taxable value of the equitable interest of purchasers; that the Board, in reviewing the 1959 assessment of the equitable interests in state lands being purchased, computed the taxable value to be 16% of the 5% of cash paid by said purchasers; 'that, the tax commission, in reviewing the Board\u2019s ruling, held that the equitable interest accruing to the owner of any contract for the purchase of state land, should be assessed and taxed to' such owner -or contractee at the cash value - o\u2019f the legal or equitable interest,together with the value of all improvements thereon, and that the cash value should consist of the total amount of cash paid by the contractee or owner; that the purchasers appealed from this order of the Board, and the state tax commission found that the properties described had been unlawfully assessed and not in accordance with \u00a7 72-1-3, supra, as interpreted by the attorney general in his opinion dated April 25, 1961; and that the tax commission ordered that the properties be assessed at the cash value of the purchasers\u2019 equity in said properties, instead of the full cash value thereof. Purchasers then alleged that a controversy exists as to the interpretation of \u00a7 72-1-3, supra, and prayed, for a declara to ry judgment, asking the court to construe \u00a7 72-1-3, supra, and that the court declare the assessed value to be placed on the tax rolls of lands, or any equity therein, purchased from the State of New Mexico.\nThe trial court ordered that the State of New Mexico be dismissed as a party to the suit and permitted an amended petition to be filed, which amended petition reiterated the allegations of the original petition. Upon motion filed, the trial court added some -sixteen purchasers under state land contracts as respondents. Answers -were filed by said purchasers asserting, as a first defense, that the allegations in the petition were impertinent and irrelevant; as a second defense, that an equitable conversion is not effected by said contracts and that respondents have only a right to purchase, which is the sole property interest subject to taxation; as a third defense, that title to the lands affected by the contracts remains in the state, and that only the equity represented by the portion of the purchase price paid under the contract can be legally assessed under the constitution and laws of New Mexico, and must be assessed in the same manner as other lands in Bernalillo County are assessed i. e., 16% of the 5% equity.\nThe facts were stipulated by the parties and, after a hearing, the trial court rendered an opinion and entered judgment holding that the lands affected by the contracts should be placed on the assessment roll at- 16% of the total contract price paid for said lands, or the true market value of the property after appraisal by the assessor.\nThe stipulated facts were: During the years 1955 through 1959, purchasers entered into contracts with the commissioner of public lands for the purchase of certain state lands, title to which was in the state; that prior to April, 1961, the county assessor assessed the value of the purchasers\u2019 equities under the contracts at 5% of their respective contract prices; however, in April, 1961, the Board ruled that the assessed value of the purchasers\u2019 equities should' be 16% of the fair market value, to be established by appraisers; that at that time all privately owned property in Bernalillo County was assessed at 16% 'of actual value; that appeal was taken from the Board\u2019s ruling to the state tax commission, who heard the appeal and entered an order on June 28, 1961, finding that the properties had been unlawfully assessed and not in accordance with \u00a7 72-1-3, supra, and ordered that the assessor and Board correctly assess the properties, by assessing only the cash value of purchasers\u2019 equity in said properties held under purchase contracts with the state, instead of the full cash value thereof.\nUnder the contracts, the purchasers pay 4% interest annually on the unpaid balance and, upon default, the contracts may be cancelled, payments become liquidated damages, all rights of purchasers to acquire said land cease, their rights in and thereto end, and the commissioner shall be entitled to immediate possession of the premises. Purchasers, under the contracts, are required to pay all taxes and assessments that may be levied or assessed on such lands.\nEach of the purchasers made down payments on one or more contracts, in amounts ranging from $18,500 on a purchase price of $60,000, to $374.74 on a purchase price of $7,595.81. Purchasers, in their statement of facts, say that th\u00e9 total of all down payments made was $170,487.82,.rep-resenting 5% of the purchase price, and including the $18,500 payment mentioned above. The unpaid balance on all contracts was $3,239,268.58, requiring interest thereon to be paid annually in the amount of $129,570.\nThe trial court made the following conclusions of law:\n\u201c1. That a vendee of land in possession under an executory contract of sale with the State at the time of the assessment is the owner thereof for the purpose of taxation.\n\u201c2. Under this type of executory sales contract, the equitable estate, in its entirety passes immediately to purchaser at the moment the contract becomes effective and bare legal title for security purposes remains in the State.\n\u201c3. That contracts between the State and a citizen or private corporation are controlled by the same legal principles that govern contracts between private individuals.\n\u201c4. That the Constitution of the State of New Mexico does not exempt state lands sold under purchase contract from taxation, or provide any different method of taxation, but rather that taxes should be equal and uniform.\n\u201c5. That the assessment, as set out in Section 72-1-3, New Mexico Statutes, 1953 Annotated: \u2018At the cash value of such legal and equitable interest\u2019 means the market value of the land purchased.\n\u201c6. That land sold by the State, as in the case at bar, should be assessed equal to the assessed value of other lands, as is stated in Section 72-1-3, New Mexico Statutes, 1953 Annotated:\n\u201c \u2018 * * * equity so assessed shall not exceed the assessed value per acre of other lands of similar character located in the same County.\u2019\n\u201c7. That the law requires the County Assessor to place said lands in the assessed roll at sixteen per centum (16%) of the total contract price paid for said lands or the true market value of the property after appraisal by the Assessor.\u201d\nPurchasers submit three points upon which they rely for reversal. Under point I, they contend that the trial court\u2019s conclusion of law No. 2 is erroneous in that, although not specifically stated, said conclusion indicates that the trial court determined that an equitable conversion occurred, causing the purchasers\u2019 interest to be converted into an interest in the real property; also, that a purchaser under state land purchase contracts acquires no equitable title until the purchase price has been paid in full.\nWith these contentions we cannot agree. A reading of the trial court\u2019s conclusions of law together convinces us that it was the trial court\u2019s opinion that, for the purpose of taxation, a purchaser of state land in possession of an executory contract is the owner thereof, the equitable estate in its entirety passing immediately to the purchaser upon the execution of the contract and the bare legal title, for security purposes, remaining in the state.\nPurchasers cite \u00a7 10 of the Enabling Act, the pertinent part of which reads:\n\u201cAll lands, leaseholds, timber, and other products of land before being offered shall be appraised at their true value, and no sale or other disposal thereof shall be made for a consideration less than the value so ascertained, nor in any case less than the minimum price hereinafter fixed, nor upon credit unless accompanied by ample security, and the legal title shall not be deemed to have passed until the consideration shall have been paid.\u201d\nThe above section is of no assistance in solving the problem before us.\nZinn v. Hampson, 61 N.M. 407, 301 P.2d 518, cited by purchasers, is also of no help, as the only question decided in that case was that the commissioner of public lands had no authority to issue a patent to a portion of a tract of land being sold under a state land purchase contract.\nPurchasers primarily rely upon Olds v. Little Horse Creek Cattle Co., 22 Wyo. 336, 140 P. 1004. In that case, the purchaser (Cattle Co.) purchased state school lands and was the owner of a certificate of purchase executed by the proper state officials. The agreed statement of facts recited that the land was assessed as land, and that the tax was a tax on the land as land, and not a tax on the interest or equity of the plaintiff in the land. The only question presented was whether the land, as such, was subject to taxation as land as the property of the purchaser and before the purchaser had paid in full. The objection to the tax was based upon the constitutional provision that property of the state is exempt from taxation.\nThe Wyoming court discussed the doctrine of equitable conversion and said that it did not apply. The court recognized, however, that some states, by statute, authorize the interests of the purchaser to be assessed and taxed in a manner intended to avoid a conflict with a constitutional provision exempting state property from taxation, and stating a rule for its valuation, or requiring the lands to be assessed to the purchaser the same as other lands. Under the Wyoming statute, state land is sold upon the payment of not less than 10% of the purchase price and the balance in 30 equal installments, with 4% interest on the deferred part. When state land has been purchased, the purchaser is given a certificate of purchase and upon payment of the full purchase price, together .with the lawful interest thereon, the purchaser receives the patent for the land. The court, in that case, stated that the only question presented was whether state land sold under the constitution and statutes of Wyoming was subject to taxation as land, a.s the property of the purchaser, before said purchaser had become entitled to a patent by paying the full amount of the purchase price. The question as to .the right to assess and tax the interest or \u25a0equity of \u25a0 the .purchaser of the land was not involved in that case, and the court added that the statute contains no provision expressly referring to the matter of taxation of the land after a conditional sale and while the purchase price remains unpaid, and the certificate of purchase makes no provision, for the payment of taxes. The Wyoming court held that since the\" property of the state is exempt from taxation, it being .admitted that the interest of the purchaser as the owner of the certificate of \u2022 -pur&hase \u25a0 was not assessed or taxed, although: the ' purchaser\u2019s interest 'may be 'taxed, but' th\u00e1t the land was assessed ahd'tak\u00e9d' as land, that the exemption continued until the purchaser obtained a patent.\" \u2019\nIn Colorado Farm & Live Stock Co. v. Beerbohm, 43 Colo. 464, 96 P. 443, by constitutional provision and by statute, property belonging to the state is exempt from taxation so long as title is vested in the state. Article 10, \u00a7 4, Constitution of Colorado, Session Laws 1887, \u00a7 21, as amended by Act March 30, 1889. In 1890 and 1896, Colorado Farm & Live Stock Co. (plaintiff-in-crror) entered into contracts for the purchase of state land. In 1906, the county commissioners of the county in which the land is located assessed the equity held .by the purchaser for the years 1902, 1903, 1904 and 1905. The county treasurer served notice on the purchaser that unless the taxes were paid the land would be sold for delinquent taxes. The purchaser filed suit to restrain the county treasurer from selling the land, on the ground that such lands were not subject to taxation and enjoined the treasurer from selling the land. On March 22, 1902, an act was passed which provided that all lands purchased under state contract shall, during the life of the contract, be taxed only on the amount paid, including the improvements thereon. The Colorado court held that the constitutional provision and statute exempting state' property from taxation necessarily entered into the contract of purchase made thereunder, and that the act of 1902, insofar as it attempted to subject to taxation, in contradiction of'such exemption, the interest which one had acquired under the contract to purchase, impairs the obligation of a contract in violation of Art. 2, \u00a7 11, Bill of Rights, and that an injunction would be allowed against the enforcement of a tax upon such property.\nIn Lewis v. Christopher, 30 Idaho 197, 163 P. 916, the court held that while it is true that under the statute the land itself is not subject to taxation while the title remains vested in the state, it is likewise true that the value of the interest therein, of the purchaser or certificate holder, may be taxed, and this interest is not limited to the amount of money paid under the terms of the contract, but to the value of purchaser\u2019s interest in the land. The court went on to say that the value of this interest can only be properly determined by ascertaining the full cash value of the land upon the mai-ket in the ordinary course of trade, and then determining the value of purchaser\u2019s interest in the land. The court further held that the purchaser\u2019s interest subject to taxation bears the same relation to the full cash value of the land, as the amount actually paid upon the contract bears to the total purchase price. The holding in State v. Lewis and Clark County, 84 Mont. 200, 274 P. 854, is to the same effect.\nAppellants propose by the above cases that there is no taxable equitable estate if specific performance is unavailable. It is our view' that th\u00e9 trial court was correct in concluding that the purchasers, under their contracts with the state, acquired an equitable estate upon the execution of the contracts,- regardless of the nonexistence of the right of specific performance.\nPurchasers, under point II, contend that \u00a7 72-1-3, supra, permits assessment of the full cash value of the purchasers\u2019 interest under a state land purchase contract and does not authorize assessment of the full value of the land affected by the contract.\nChapter 82, Laws 1912 (\u00a7 7-8-18, N.M. S.A., 1953 Comp.), appears to be the first act to provide for the creation and organization of the state land office and for the disposition of state lands. Section 58 of that act provided that improvements placed upon lands leased for grazing, agricultural or mining purposes shall be subject to taxation, and in case of default in the payment of taxes on such improvements, and the sale thereof for such unpaid taxes, only the interest of the lessee shall be sold. This act was deemed superseded by Ch. 52, Laws 1917 (\u00a7 7-8-9, N.M.S.A., 1953 Comp.), \u00a7 3 of which provided:\n\u201cAll lands sold under the provisions of this act, or for which existing contracts are changed in conformity herewith, shall be assessed for taxation at their full value, which shall in no case be more or less than that of similar lands of the same character issued under the provisions of this act shall be required to pay the taxes lawfully due on such lands as provided in this section, and failure to pay such taxes shall work a forfeiture of the contract.\u201d\nSection 3 of the 1917 act was amended by Ch. 89, \u00a7 1, Laws 1919, as follows:\n\u201cThe legal and equitable interests arising under and accruing to the owner of any contract for the purchase of any state lands, whether such contract be entered into under the provisions of this act or any other act authorizing the sale of state lands under contract, option or agreement entered into between the state and any person or corporation, shall be taxed to such owner or contractee at the full cash value of both such legal and equitable interest, together with the value of all improvements made upon such lands so contracted for; Provided that in no event shall such equity be taxed at less than forty per centum of the purchase price stipulated in such purchase contracts.\u201d\n/ Section 1, Ch. 89, Laws 1919, and \u00a7 3, Ch. 52, Laws 1917, were amended by \u00a7 1, 'Ch. 9, Laws 1921. However, the 1921 law is identical with \u00a7 1, Ch. 89, of the 1919 act, except as to the proviso clause which reads:\n\u201c * * * Provided, that the assessed value of such legal and equitable interest, exclusive of the improvements, while such lands are used for grazing or any other purposes, shall not exceed the percentage of the purchase price paid up to the date of such assessment.\u201d\nThe pertinent provisions of \u00a7 2, Ch. 102, Laws 1925, are identical with \u00a7 1, Ch. 9, Laws 1921, except that in the 1925 act, after the words \u201cdate of such assessment\u201d in the proviso clause, the following was added:\n\u201c * * * and in arriving at the assessed value of such equity for any year the land shall not be valued higher than lands of similar character located in the same county.\u201d\nThus, in the 1919 and 1921 acts, we have a provision that the legal and equitable interest of a purchaser shall be taxed at the full cash value of such legal and equitable interest, together with the value of all improvements made upon such lands. The proviso clause in the 1919 act says that in no event shall the equity be taxed at less than 40% of the purchase price; whereas, the 1921 act provides that the assessed value of such legal and equitable interest, exclusive of the improvements shall not exceed the percentage of the purchase price paid up to the date of such assessment. The 1925 act provides that the equitable interest of the purchaser shall be taxed at the full cash value of such legal and equitable interest, together with the value of all improvements. It also provides that the assessed value of such legal and equitable interest, exclusive of the improvements, shall not exceed the percentage of the purchase price paid up to the date of such assessment, and that in arriving at the assessed value of such equity, the land shall not be valued higher than lands of similar character located in the same county.\nThe above acts were followed by Ch. 152, \u00a7 1, Laws 1933, (\u00a7 72-1-3, supra), which provides:\n\u201cThe equitable interest arising under and accruing to the owner of any contract for the purchase of any state lands, entered into between the state and any person, or corporation, shall be assessed and taxed to such owner or contractee at the cash value of such legal and equitable interest, together with the value of all improvements upon such lands so contracted for; Provided, that the equity so assessed shall not exceed the assessed value per acre of other lands of similar character located in the same county.\u201d (Emphasis added.)\nIt would thus appear that the legislative policy since 1919 has been to tax the legal and equitable interest, or the equitable interest, arising under a contract for the purchase of state lands, at the \u201cfull cash value\u201d or at the \u201ccash value.\u201d The question then arises \u2014 what is \u201ccash value?\u201d The legislature, under the 1933 act (\u00a7 72-1-3, supra), used the term \u201ccash value.\u201d The 1919, 1921 and 1925 acts used the phrase \u201cfull cash value.\u201d We find no significance in the deletion of the word \u201cfull.\u201d The terms \u201ccash value\u201d and \u201cfull cash value\u201d are given the same definition, i. e., that amount at which property would be taken in payment of a just debt from a solvent debtor. 59 Cal.Code, Rev. & Tax., \u00a7 110; 10 Idaho Code, \u00a7 63-111; 3 Nev. R.S., \u00a7 361.025; 6 Utah C.A., 1953, \u00a7 59-3-1(5). See also, Ballerino v. Mason, 83 Cal. 447, 23 P. 530; State v. Virginia & T. R. Co., 23 Nev. 283, 46 P. 723, 35 L.R.A. 759.\nIn Dailey v. Foster, 17 N.M. 654, 134 P. 206, this court defined \u201cactual cash value\u201d as:\n\u201c * * * the price which it [the property] will bring in a fair market, after fair and reasonable efforts have been made to find a purchaser who will give the highest price. * * * \u201d\nand in Samosa v. Lopez, 19 N.M. 312, 142 P. 927, we defined \u201ctrue value\u201d by saying:\n\u201c 'True value/ as used in laws providing that property shall be assessed for taxes according to' its true value, has been defined to mean the value which it has in exchange for money. State Board of Assessors v. Central R. Co., 48 N.J.Law 146, 4 Atl. 578, 607.\n\u201cActual cash value of real or personal property has been defined to be the price it would sell for in the ordinary course of business, free from incumbrance, and not at forced sale. Morgan\u2019s L. & T. R. & S. S. Co. v. Board of Reviewers, 41 La.Ann. 1156, 3 South. 507, 511. It thus appears that the terms are practically synonymous.\u201d\nIt would thus seem that the terms \u201ccash value,\u201d \u201cfull cash value,\u201d \u201ctrue value,\u201d and \u201cactual cash value,\u201d in one way or another,\" are defined- as that amount at which a willing buyer would buy and a willing seller would sell.\nPurchasers - direct our attention to the provision in the 1921 and 1925 statutes which states that the assessed value of the purchaser\u2019s legal and equitable interest \u201cshall not exceed the percentage of the purchase price paid.\u201d They say that the 1933 act eliminated this ceiling and substituted the provision that \u201cthe equity so assessed shall not exceed the assessed value per acre of other lands of similar character,\u201d and that in the same session the legislature enacted \u00a7 4, Ch. 86, Laws 1933 (\u00a7 72-2-18, N.M.S.A., 1953 Comp.), which-provided that whenever any real property is patented, or in any other manner becomes subject to taxation, the same shall be added to the tax roll for the next year following the date of the patent. This section is not inconsistent with the statutory provision that the legal and equitable interest accruing to a-purchaser or contractee under a state purchase contract is subject to taxation. This section, as it relates to state land, can only mean that, since the interest of the state and title passes from the state to the patentee upon the issuance of the patent, the state\u2019s interest which was previously exempt from taxation shall be placed on the tax roll the year following the date of the patent.\nPurchasers concede that their interest under the contract is subject to taxation. They say, however, that they should not be taxed at the full cash value of the land, but should be taxed at 5% of the market value of the land described in the contract and, therefore, that the tax should be 16% of 5% of the fair market value. We cannot agree. The legislature was well aware of the provision of the 1921 and 1925 statutes and, when they enacted the 1933 act, it is presumed that they intended to change the prior law and expressly said that the purchaser\u2019s legal and equitable interest shall be assessed at its cash value, together with the improvements, provided that the equity so assessed shall not exceed the value per acre of other lands of similar character located in the same county. The express language of the 1933 act would negate purchasers\u2019 contention.\nStewart v. Common School Dist. No. 17, 66 Idaho 118, 156 P.2d 194, cited by purchasers, is distinguishable from the case before us. In that case, the Idaho statute, I.C.A. \u00a7 61-1123, originally provided that an equity in state lands should be assessed at \u201cthat proportion of the full cash value of the land which the amount paid thereon bears to the total amount of the purchase-price.\u201d The statute was amended by striking therefrom the provision which provided exactly how the purchaser\u2019s interest in state land should be determined, but the amendment did not provide any other or different method. It simply provided that the interest of a purchaser of state land \u201cshall be * * * assessed for purposes of taxation as other property is assessed * * 'j'jjg court held that since the amendment failed to provide a new or different method of determining the value of the equity of a purchaser of state land, than that already provided by statute, the trial court properly held that defendants fix and determine such value- by ascertaining the percentage of the purchaser\u2019s ownership, based upon the amount paid on the land sale .'certificate and the total purchase price. In short, the court held that since the amendment failed to provide a new or different method of determining the value of the purchaser\u2019s equity, that the method provided in the original act should be followed.\nKelly v. Allen, (9 CCA 1931), 49 F.2d 876, is pertinent in resolving the question posed under this point. That case involved an action against the assessor of Yuma County, Arizona, the Arizona tax commission, the land commissioner and others, enjoining them from compelling payment of taxes assessed upon state school lands held by the plaintiff under a contract of purchase, and enjoining other defendants from assessing or levying taxes on said land. The defendants appealed. The Circuit Court reversed, holding that the power of the state to tax is unlimited; that the land was transferred to the state and is not held by the state as an instrumentality of the United States, but in its own right in trust for state schools; that the land in issue was sold to appellee for 5% cash, the balance in thirty-eight annual installments with interest at 5% payable annually; that.the state constitution'does not exempt lands sold under contract \u25a0 from taxation and that the statute provides that all school land shall be subject to taxation, the same as other lands; and further held that the state may tax the purchaser upqn the entire value and enforce collection against the entire interest of the purchaser.\nWe hold against purchasers on this point.\nPurchasers\u2019 last point is that the state may not constitutionally tax the interests of a purchaser under executory contract for the sale of enabling act trust lands at the value of the land affected by the contract.\nPurchasers again cite \u00a7 10 of the Enabling Act, supra, and discuss the question as to when title passes, and that state property is exempt from taxation. They also cite Art. VIII, \u00a7 1, of our constitution. Our constitution does not prevent the state from taxing the purchaser\u2019s interest on the full value of the land; neither does the constitution exempt state land sold under contract from taxation. The statute provides for its taxation and the purchaser, by express provision, agreed to pay all taxes and assessments levied or assessed on such land. Thus, the state may tax the purchaser upon the entire value and enforce collection against the interest of the purchaser. Kelly v. Allen, supra.\nFinding no error, the judgment of the district court is affirmed.\nIt is so ordered.\nCOMPTON, C. J., and CARMODY, J., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "CHAVEZ, Justice.." } ], "attorneys": [ "Hannett, Hannett & Cornish, Albuquerque, for appellees.", "Marr\u00f3n & Houk, James H. Foley, James M. O\u2019Toole, Modrall, Seymour, Sperling, Roehl & Harris, James P. Saunders, Jr., Shaffer & Butt, Albuquerque, for appellants." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "391 P.2d 328\nBOARD OF EQUALIZATION OF the COUNTY OF BERNALILLO, New Mexico, and its individual members, Gerald R. Cornelius, Harry E. Kinney, Vance Mauney, Petitioners-Appellees, v. HEIGHTS REAL ESTATE COMPANY et al., Respondents-Appellants.\nNo. 7355.\nSupreme Court of New Mexico.\nMarch 23, 1964.\nRehearing Denied May 1, 1964.\nHannett, Hannett & Cornish, Albuquerque, for appellees.\nMarr\u00f3n & Houk, James H. Foley, James M. O\u2019Toole, Modrall, Seymour, Sperling, Roehl & Harris, James P. Saunders, Jr., Shaffer & Butt, Albuquerque, for appellants." }, "file_name": "0101-01", "first_page_order": 153, "last_page_order": 164 }