{ "id": 5322263, "name": "STATE of New Mexico, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Monroe McAFEE, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "State v. McAfee", "decision_date": "1967-06-12", "docket_number": "No. 8111", "first_page": "108", "last_page": "112", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "78 N.M. 108" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "428 P.2d 647" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.M.", "id": 8835, "name": "Supreme Court of New Mexico" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 52, "name_long": "New Mexico", "name": "N.M." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "354 F.2d 119", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 845457 ], "year": 1965, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/354/0119-01" ] }, { "cite": "354 F.2d 109", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 845528 ], "year": 1965, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/354/0109-01" ] }, { "cite": "16 L.Ed.2d 1027", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "L. Ed. 2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "384 U.S. 1024", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12096323, 12096272, 12096434, 12096374, 12096407, 12096538, 12096573, 12096478 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/384/1024-02", "/us/384/1024-01", "/us/384/1024-05", "/us/384/1024-03", "/us/384/1024-04", "/us/384/1024-07", "/us/384/1024-08", "/us/384/1024-06" ] }, { "cite": "355 F.2d 151", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 842170 ], "year": 1965, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/355/0151-01" ] }, { "cite": "77 N.M. 583", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2802495 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1967, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/77/0583-01" ] }, { "cite": "384 U.S. 719", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12047240 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/384/0719-01" ] }, { "cite": "384 U.S. 436", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12046400 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/384/0436-01" ] }, { "cite": "378 U.S. 478", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6166688 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1964, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/378/0478-01" ] }, { "cite": "147 N.E.2d 232", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "N.E.2d", "year": 1958, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "238 Ind. 48", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Ind.", "case_ids": [ 1765052 ], "year": 1958, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ind/238/0048-01" ] }, { "cite": "72 S.W.2d 288", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 10237234 ], "year": 1934, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/sw2d/72/0288-01" ] }, { "cite": "126 Tex.Cr.R. 466", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Tex. Crim.", "case_ids": [ 5258516 ], "year": 1934, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/tex-crim/126/0466-01" ] }, { "cite": "26 A.2d 702", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "year": 1942, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "128 N.J.L. 429", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.J.L.", "case_ids": [ 129724 ], "year": 1942, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/njl/128/0429-01" ] }, { "cite": "243 S.W.2d 983", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "109 A.2d 89", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "year": 1954, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "205 Md. 470", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Md.", "case_ids": [ 2205199 ], "year": 1954, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/md/205/0470-01" ] }, { "cite": "61 N.M. 484", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 5318869 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1956, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/61/0484-01" ] }, { "cite": "21 A.2d 920", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "A.2d", "year": 1941, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "343 Pa. 102", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "Pa.", "case_ids": [ 1208390 ], "year": 1941, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/pa/343/0102-01" ] }, { "cite": "77 N.M. 745", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2805980 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/77/0745-01" ] }, { "cite": "69 N.M. 332", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2788240 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1961, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/69/0332-01" ] }, { "cite": "59 N.M. 139", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1589333 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1955, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/59/0139-01" ] }, { "cite": "69 N.M. 51", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2786490 ], "weight": 5, "year": 1961, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/69/0051-01" ] }, { "cite": "76 N.M. 445", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 8502825 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/76/0445-01" ] }, { "cite": "57 N.M. 227", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 8841627 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1953, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/57/0227-01" ] }, { "cite": "76 N.M. 337", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 8502146 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/76/0337-01" ] }, { "cite": "78 N.M. 86", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 5323819 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/78/0086-01" ] }, { "cite": "75 N.M. 533", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 5371699 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1965, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/75/0533-01" ] }, { "cite": "74 N.M. 559", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2804499 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1964, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/74/0559-01" ] }, { "cite": "70 N.M. 380", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2850519 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1962, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/70/0380-01" ] }, { "cite": "258 F.2d 816", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 451980 ], "year": 1958, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/258/0816-01" ] }, { "cite": "419 P.2d 219", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "case_ids": [ 2805699, 2807333 ], "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/77/0007-01", "/nm/77/0006-01" ] }, { "cite": "77 N.M. 7", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2805699 ], "year": 1966, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/77/0007-01" ] }, { "cite": "73 N.M. 104", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 5321094 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1963, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/73/0104-01" ] }, { "cite": "89 A.L.R.2d 461", "category": "reporters:specialty", "reporter": "A.L.R. 2d", "year": 1960, "opinion_index": 0 }, { "cite": "67 N.M. 241", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2714045 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1960, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/67/0241-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 760, "char_count": 13061, "ocr_confidence": 0.649, "pagerank": { "raw": 8.016702310119192e-07, "percentile": 0.9736523249038843 }, "sha256": "a39fe42938d8d0535f752fa40bbf1a3b4e7aa3fb45f5841ac7109827f8654d02", "simhash": "1:e0cf7de0612d0030", "word_count": 2173 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:27:10.359171+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "NOBLE, and COMPTON, JJ., concur." ], "parties": [ "STATE of New Mexico, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Monroe McAFEE, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "OPINION\nWOOD, Judge.\nThe issues are: (1) sufficiency of the evidence, (2) failure to instruct, (3) the sentence imposed and (4) rights under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments to the United States Constitution.\nA window in a jewelry store was broken with a rock and boxes containing rings were taken from the window. A jury convicted defendant of burglary (\u00a7 40A-16-3, N.M. S.A.1953) and larceny of property valued in excess of $100.00 (\u00a7 40A-16-1, N.M.S.A. 1953). \u2022 \u2022\nDefendant contends that the evidence is insufficient to sustain a conviction. He attacks the evidence which identifies defendant as the person who broke the window and took the merchandise.\nMr. Chandler, an employee sleeping in the jewelry store, was awakened by the sound of the breaking glass. He observed a person carry the boxes containing rings to a car, return to the window and place his hand inside, at which time Mr. Chandler threw some broken glass at the person. Several times during his testimony, Mr. Chandler identified the defendant as that person and gave his reasons for the identification.\nDefendant does not object to the admission of Mr. Chandler\u2019s testimony; rather, he attacks its credibility. The attack on credibility is based on the fact that Mr. Chandler observed the defendant in a police line-up on three occasions before making positive identification. Mr. Chandler explained this delay on the basis that he wanted to be sure 'of his identification.\nMr. R. C. Robison testified that on che night of the occurrence defendant \u201c * * <: told me he was going to hit a jewelry store * * * \u201d, that at defendant\u2019s request he handed him a large rock, that he was scared, refused to participate and got out of the car. The vehicle observed at the scene was Robison\u2019s. Mr. Robison testified that later, defendant picked him up alongside the highway, informed him that he had some j ewelry and that he had been seen by a man in the store. Mr. Robison removed the rings from the boxes and threw the boxes along-, side the highway at defendant\u2019s direction. Subsequently, the rings were recovered from the ground alongside the highway at the point where the car, containing Robison and defendant, was stopped by officers. After the arrest, Mr. Robison directed officers to the place where the empty boxes were found.\nWhile not objecting to the admissibility of Mr. Robison\u2019s testimony, defendant contends that it is incredible in three particulars: (1) in securing the rock after being informed it was to be used in breaking a jewelry store window, (2) in loaning defendant his car, knowing defendant\u2019s in-tension and (3) although defendant testi- \u25a0 fied he was scared, he went to sleep in the car after, defendant picked him up.\nThis attack on the credibility of the witnesses Chandler and Robison asks us to weigh the testimony. It was for the jury to determine the weight to be given the testimony, State v. Turnbow, 67 N.M. 241, 354 P.2d 533, 89 A.L.R.2d 461 (1960); Apodaca v. Baca, 73 N.M. 104, 385 P.2d 963 (1963), and determine the credibility of the witnesses, State v. Ortega, 77 N.M. 7, 419 P.2d 219 (1966); Chavez v. United States, 258 F.2d 816 (10th Cir. 1958). We do not consider the weight of the evidence on appeal, rather we determine whether there was substantial evidence to support the verdict. Sauter v. St. Michael\u2019s College, 70 N.M. 380, 374 P.2d 134 (1962); State v. Fields, 74 N.M. 559, 395 P.2d 908 (1964). In determining whether the evidence is substantial, the evidence is viewed in the light most favorable to the State, resolving conflicts and indulging all permissible inferences in favor of the verdict. State v. Crouch, 75 N.M. 533, 407 P.2d 671 (1965).\nSo viewed, reasonable minds might accept the evidence of Mr. Chandler and Mr. Robison as adequate to support a conclusion that defendant was the person who broke the window and took the merchandise. Their evidence was substantial. Tapia v. Panhandle Steel Erectors Co., 78 N.M. 86, 428 P.2d 625, opinion issued May 8, 1967.\nDefendant contends the trial court erred in failing to give an instruction admonishing the jury to view the testimony of the witness Robison with suspicion and to receive it with caution. If Robison was an accomplice, a point we do not decide, such an instruction would have been proper. State v. Turnbow, supra. However, defendant had no obj ection to the instructions given, and did not tender an instruction concerning Mr. Robison\u2019s testimony. He failed to' comply with \u00a7 21-1-1(51) (g), N.M.S.A..1953, the applicable portion of which.is'now \u00a7 21-1-1(51) (2) (h>, N.M.' S.A.1953. The claimed error not having been preserved, it is not before us for review. State v. Roybal, 76 N.M. 337, 414 P.2d 850 (1966); State v. Compton, 57 N.M. 227, 257 P.2d 915 (1953).\nDefendant was sentenced to a term in the penitentiary for each of the offenses, with the sentences to be consecutive. He contends that both crimes arose out of the same transaction, were committed as part of a continuous act and were inspired by the same criminal intent. On this basis he asserts the two crimes are susceptible of only one punishment. This contention is' taken from language used in State v. Blackwell, 76 N.M. 445, 415 P.2d 563 (1966); and State v. Quintana, 69 N.M. 51, 364 P.2d 120 (1961).\nNew Mexico Constitution Article II, \u00a7 15 provides that no person shall be twice put in jeopardy for the same offense. This provision applies to prevent a person from being punished twice for the same offense. State v. Quintana, supra.\nThe problem arises in determining whether there has been more than one offense. See State v. Allen, 59 N.M. 139, 280 P.2d 298 (1955); State v. Quintana, supra; State v. Montano, 69 N.M. 332, 367 P.2d 95 (1961); State v. Blackwell, supra; State v. Martinez, 77 N.M. 745, 427 P.2d 260, opinion issued May 8, 1967. In Quintana it was held that grand larceny was not a separate and distinct offense from armed robbery; rather, the offense of grand larceny merged with the offense of armed robbery. In Blackwell,.assault with intent to rape merged with the rape so that only one punishment could be-imposed.\nState v. Quintana, supra, states that the rule for determining a merger is set forth in-Commonwealth ex rel. Moszczynski v. Ashe, 343 Pa. 102, 21 A.2d 920 (1941). That opinion states:\na * * * \u2022pjjg true test of whether one criminal offense has merged in another * * * is whether one crime necessarily involves another, \u00e1s, for example, rape involves fornication, and- robbery involves-both assault and larceny. * * * If a defendant commits a burglary and while in the burglarized dwelling he commits the crimes of rape or kidnapping, his crimes do not merge, for neither of them is necessarily involved in the other. When one of two criminal acts committed successively is not a necessary ingredient of the other, there may be a conviction and sentence for both. * * * \u201d\nBoth the Blackwell and Quintana decisions recognize this test; the language used in both decisions was in application of this test. Under this test the Ashe decision approved separate sentences, to be served consecutively, for (1) breaking and entering with intent to commit a felony and (2) bank robbery and larceny.\nDoes larceny necessarily involve burglary, \u25a0or is it a separate and distinct offense?\nSection 40A-16-1, N.M.S.A.1953, defines larceny as follows :\n\u201cLarceny consists of the stealing of anything of value which belongs to another.\u201d\nSection 40A-16-3, N.M.S.A.1953, provides :\n\u201cBurglary consists of the unauthorized entry of any * * * structure * * * with the intent to commit any felony or theft therein.\u201d\nThe crime of burglary is complete when there is an unauthorized entry with the necessary intent; the intent does not have to be carried out after entry. State v. Ocanas, 61 N.M. 484, 303 P.2d 390 (1956); 2 Wharton\u2019s Criminal Law and Procedure \u00a7 410; Williams v. State, 205 Md. 470, 109 A.2d 89 (1954); State v. Farris, 243 S.W.2d 983 (Mo.1951).\nSince stealing is a necessary element of larceny but is not a necessary element of burglary, larceny is not necessarily involved in a burglary. The elements of these two statutory crimes are not the same. They do not merge. Defendant could be convicted of and sentenced for both \u25a0crimes. Williams v. State, supra; State v. Byra, 128 N.J.L. 429, 26 A.2d 702 (1942); Johnson v. State, 126 Tex.Cr.R. 466, 72 S.W.2d 288 (1934); Tungate v. State, 238 Ind. 48, 147 N.E.2d 232 (1958).\nDefendant contends that police officers interrogated him without benefit or advice of counsel and that the State attempted to impeach his testimony by showing prior inconsistent statements made to officers. He claims a violation of his constitutional rights under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments to the Constitution of the United States, specifically the privilege against self-incrimination and the right to counsel. He relies on Escobedo v. State of Illinois, 378 U.S. 478 84 S.Ct. 1758, 12 L.Ed.2d 977, (1964); and Miranda v. State of Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694, (1966).\nThis case was tried December 15, 1965. Miranda is not applicable; it applies only to cases tried after June 13, 1966. Johnson v. State of New Jersey, 384 U.S. 719, 86 S.Ct. 1772 16 L.Ed.2d 882, (1966).\nIn presenting its case, the State did not rely on any statement of the defendant. Defendant testified in his own defense.\nOn direct examination he testified that he made no statements and had not been questioned concerning the crimes. He also testified that he had not been asked if he wished to talk to a lawyer.\nOn cross-examination he admitted that officers asked him \u201c * * * if [he] got it * * * \u201d, that he replied in the negative and offered to take a polygraph test. Pie testified that officers informed him that he didn\u2019t need to tell them anything, that his answers weren\u2019t needed. He testified that he hitch-hiked a ride from the witness Ro-bison, denied that Mr. Robison picked him up on the road between Artesia and Loving-ton and stated that Robison picked him up in Roswell.\nOfficer Wheeler, as a rebuttal witness, testified that defendant was advised of his right to an attorney and that anything defendant said could be used against him in a court of law. He testified that defendant was asked what he had been doing on the night of the crime, that defendant said he had been hitch-hiking between Artesia and Lovington when Mr. Robison picked him up.\nThe Escobedo decision held that defendant\u2019s confession was not admissible against him because the circumstances under which the confession was obtained violated defendant\u2019s right to counsel.\nHere, there was no claim of prolonged interrogation and no confession is involved. Defendant\u2019s conversation with the officers occurred after he was arrested for burglary and \u201c * * * when they was bringing us over here. * * * \u201d (from Lovington to Carlsbad). It occurred when he did not have an attorney; the evidence is conflicting as to whether he had been advised of his right to a lawyer. Defendant admits that he was told that he didn\u2019t need to say anything.\nThe only aspect of the testimony which might be considered self-incriminating is the testimony concerning the place where defendant was hitch-hiking. It is doubtful that it was self-incriminating. See 8 Wig-more, Evidence \u00a7 2260 (McNaughton rev. 1961). Even if it could be considered self-incriminating, and even if its admission as rebuttal testimony for impeachment purposes is of no consequence, a point we do not decide, but cf. State v. Gonzales, 77 N.M. 583, 425 P.2d 810 (1967), the circumstances are far different from those in Escobedo.\nIn United States v. Gorman, 355 F.2d 151 (2nd Cir. 1965), cert denied, 384 U.S. 1024, 86 S.Ct.1962, 16 L.Ed.2d 1027, a detective briefly questioned the defendant after his arrest and without warning him that he need not respond and could seek the advice of counsel. The circumstances of that case were held not to deny the right to counsel guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment or to violate his constitutional privilege against self-incrimination. There it was said:\n\u201c * * * We see no reason for straining to find a per se compulsion, irrespective of actual facts, as to all statements made while under arrest or detention.\u201d\nSee United States v. Robinson, 354 F.2d 109 (2nd Cir. 1965); United States v. Cone, 354 F.2d 119 (2nd Cir. 1965).\nThere is no claim that the officers compelled defendant to make the hitchhiking statement. The setting in which the statement was made does not demonstrate compulsion per se. The circumstances of this case did not violate defendant\u2019s privilege against self-incrimination and did not amount to a denial of his right to counsel guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment.\nThe judgment is affirmed.\nIt is so ordered.\nNOBLE, and COMPTON, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "WOOD, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Milford D. Estill, J. S. McCall, Carlsbad, for appellant.", "Boston E. Witt, Atty. Gen., James V. Noble, Paul J. Lacy, Asst. Attys. Gen., Santa Fe, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "428 P.2d 647\nSTATE of New Mexico, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Monroe McAFEE, Defendant-Appellant.\nNo. 8111.\nSupreme Court of New Mexico.\nJune 12, 1967.\nMilford D. Estill, J. S. McCall, Carlsbad, for appellant.\nBoston E. Witt, Atty. Gen., James V. Noble, Paul J. Lacy, Asst. Attys. Gen., Santa Fe, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0108-01", "first_page_order": 148, "last_page_order": 152 }