{ "id": 2839504, "name": "STATE of New Mexico, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Eugene GALLEGOS, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Gallegos", "decision_date": "1975-10-21", "docket_number": "No. 1630", "first_page": "487", "last_page": "489", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "88 N.M. 487" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "542 P.2d 832" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.M. Ct. App.", "id": 9025, "name": "Court of Appeals of New Mexico" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 52, "name_long": "New Mexico", "name": "N.M." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "541 P.2d 634", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "P.2d", "case_ids": [ 2840322 ], "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/88/0454-01" ] }, { "cite": "278 So.2d 121", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "So. 2d", "case_ids": [ 9734909 ], "year": 1973, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/so2d/278/0121-01" ] }, { "cite": "462 S.W.2d 842", "category": "reporters:state_regional", "reporter": "S.W.2d", "case_ids": [ 8725165 ], "year": 1971, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/ark/249/1005-01" ] }, { "cite": "67 N.M. 260", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2716134 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1960, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/67/0260-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 451, "char_count": 6811, "ocr_confidence": 0.815, "pagerank": { "raw": 2.1163027075416073e-07, "percentile": 0.7639362372091963 }, "sha256": "819b2d299213f25190745f55f9797b9f61a329c3694b8c0e9e42b91388865403", "simhash": "1:85e9df9e474883a0", "word_count": 1170 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T21:34:46.516747+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "HENDLEY and SUTIN, JJ., concur." ], "parties": [ "STATE of New Mexico, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Eugene GALLEGOS, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "OPINION\nHERNANDEZ, Judge.\nDefendant was indicted and convicted of rape in violation of Section 40A-9-2, N. M.S.A.19S3 (2d Repl. Vol. 6, Supp. 1973). He appeals alleging five points of error. We reverse.\nWe consider only point two as it is dis-positive of this appeal. Defendant\u2019s second point is that the trial court erred in refusing to declare a mistrial because one juror did not understand the proceedings.\nShortly after the jury began its deliberations the foreman sent the following note to the court: \u201cOne of the jurors is acquainted with one of the parties in question, and, consequently, we cannot come to an impartial decision. This was not realized until certain witnesses were called.\u201d This message was read aloud in open court in the presence of defendant and his attorney and the district attorney, but out of the presence of the jury. The trial court then inquired, \u201cWhat are the positions of \u25a0the parties with respect to the note?\u201d The district attorney, Mr. Kaufman, stated that if one of the jurors knew the defendant that there should be a mistrial. Defense counsel said, \u201cI presume in terms of what Mr. Kaufman is speaking of.\u201d The trial court then stated that it was going to bring in the jury and inquire what was meant by the use of the word \u201cparties\u201d in the note. If it meant the defendant, the court indicated an inclination toward granting a mistrial, but if it referred merely to a witness, the court would send the jury back for further deliberation. Defense counsel stated, \u201cWe have no objections.\u201d\nThe jury was brought back, and the court\u2019s questioning of the foreman revealed that \u201cparties\u201d meant one of the witnesses. After telling the jurors that they should not let either their sympathy or prejudice influence them, the trial judge sent them back to deliberate their verdict. The defendant made no objection.\nSometime later, another note was sent by the foreman to the trial court. The second note was read aloud in open court, to-wit: \u201cThe juror knows the Defendant[\u2019]s parents and lives nearby their home and is fearful of ill feelings between (his/hers [sic]) family and theirs.\u201d At this point defense counsel moved for a mistrial because the note indicated that the jury was prejudiced against the defendant. The trial court stated that it was going to call the jury back and instruct that they were bound by their oaths to render a fair and impartial verdict and that they were not to concern themselves with the consequences of their verdict. It would then send the jury back for further deliberations. The court further stated that if after a reasonable time the same problem existed, it would entertain a motion of a mistrial. Defense counsel stated he had no objections. The trial court did as indicated and sent the jury back.\nFinally, a third note was delivered to the trial court from the foreman which read: \u201cThe juror does not understand English very well, and upon being questioned in Spanish, the jury has found that he/she does not even understand the charges brought against the Defendant.\u201d Defense counsel again moved for a mistrial on the ground that since one of the jurors understood neither the reasons for defendant being on trial, nor the evidence presented against him, the defendant had been denied an impartial jury as required by the Sixth Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, and \u00a7\u00a7 12 and 14 of Article II of the Constitution of New Mexico. The trial court denied the motion on the grounds, (.1) that once the' jury was sworn, neither the court nor the attorneys could \u201cgo behind the qualifications of the juror\u201d, and (2) that it did not regard the note as \u201can adequate basis for a mistrial.\u201d The jury was brought back into the court room and instructed that since they had been questioned by the court and the attorneys and that since none of them had responded to various negative questions which had been asked them, they were qualified. The trial court stated that it would not be proper to go behind and inquire into the qualifications of any of them. The court further informed the jury that the time to check into such matters was before the oath had been administered, and that it was therefore too late to do so after the cause had already been submitted for verdict. The jury was sent back to deliberate.\nArticle II, \u00a7 12 of the Constitution of New Mexico provides:\n\u201cThe right of trial by jury as it has heretofore existed shall be secured to all and remain inviolate.\u201d\nArticle II, \u00a7 14 of the Constitution of New Mexico guarantees defendants an \u201cimpartial jury,\u201d which means \u201ca jury where each and every one of the twelve members constituting the jury is totally free from any partiality whatsoever\u201d. State v. McFall, 67 N.M. 260, 354 P.2d 547 (1960).\nClearly, it would be a violation of these sections to allow one unqualified juror to serve in a criminal cause for the reason that any verdict rendered in such a situation would be less than unanimous. It is self-evident that a juror who does not possess a working knowledge of English would be unable to serve because he cannot possibly understand the issues or evaluate the evidence to arrive at an independent judgment as to the guilt or innocence of the accused. Morris v. State, 462 S.W.2d 842 (Ark. 1971) ; State v. Scott, 278 So.2d 121 (La. 1973). Such would not be the case if testimony and evidence were translated. As was pointed out in Territory of New Mexico v. Romine (Gild. 1881) :\n\"... In all counties where the jury contains members representing each language [English and Spanish] or where persons speaking each are before the court, all the proceedings are translated by a sworn interpreter, who is a court officer, into the other language from that in which they originally take place. Thus, everyone interested is as fully as possible informed of every proceeding, and no injustice is done.\u201d\nIt is the duty of the trial court to see that an accused is tried by a properly qualified jury. State v. McFall, supra. Upon receipt of the third note we believe the trial court should have conducted a summary hearing to determine for itself the ability of the juror in question to understand English. See State v. C. DeBaca (Ct.App.) 541 P.2d 634, decided Sept. 30, 1975.\nThe conviction of the defendant is reversed and the cause is remanded for a new trial.\nIt is so ordered.\nHENDLEY and SUTIN, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "HERNANDEZ, Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Chester H. Walter, Jr., Chief Public Defender, Bruce L. Herr, Appellate Defender, Robert R. Rothstein, Asst. Appellate Defender, Santa Fe, for appellant.", "Toney Anaya, Atty. Gen., Jay F. Rosen-thal, Mark G. Shoesmith, Asst. Attys. Gen., Santa Fe, for appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "542 P.2d 832\nSTATE of New Mexico, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Eugene GALLEGOS, Defendant-Appellant.\nNo. 1630.\nCourt of Appeals of New Mexico.\nOct. 21, 1975.\nCertiorari Denied Nov. 20, 1975.\nChester H. Walter, Jr., Chief Public Defender, Bruce L. Herr, Appellate Defender, Robert R. Rothstein, Asst. Appellate Defender, Santa Fe, for appellant.\nToney Anaya, Atty. Gen., Jay F. Rosen-thal, Mark G. Shoesmith, Asst. Attys. Gen., Santa Fe, for appellee." }, "file_name": "0487-01", "first_page_order": 517, "last_page_order": 519 }