{ "id": 2868024, "name": "STATE of New Mexico, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Ernest A. NAJERA, a/k/a Bobby Cruz, Defendant-Appellee", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Najera", "decision_date": "1976-09-14", "docket_number": "No. 2667", "first_page": "522", "last_page": "523", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "89 N.M. 522" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "554 P.2d 983" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.M. Ct. App.", "id": 9025, "name": "Court of Appeals of New Mexico" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 52, "name_long": "New Mexico", "name": "N.M." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "80 N.M. 269", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 5363112 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/80/0269-01" ] }, { "cite": "86 N.M. 543", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2829265 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/86/0543-01" ] }, { "cite": "84 N.M. 376", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2772710 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1972, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/84/0376-01" ] }, { "cite": "422 F.2d 1002", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 2254914 ], "year": 1970, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/422/1002-01" ] }, { "cite": "59 N.M. 482", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1589310 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1955, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/59/0482-01" ] }, { "cite": "83 N.M. 458", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 5334932 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/83/0458-01" ] }, { "cite": "85 N.M. 627", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2777575 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/85/0627-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 248, "char_count": 2998, "ocr_confidence": 0.809, "pagerank": { "raw": 3.4784448126329e-07, "percentile": 0.8816062249189045 }, "sha256": "4ab32cb0916c03d2079c434ed444fa4cbcc580e4be663724e778e4d0ab12dd91", "simhash": "1:9094d2c82d5c79c8", "word_count": 479 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T20:56:52.908635+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "HENDLEY and LOPEZ, JJ., concur." ], "parties": [ "STATE of New Mexico, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Ernest A. NAJERA, a/k/a Bobby Cruz, Defendant-Appellee." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "OPINION\nWOOD, Chief Judge.\nOne of the charges against defendant was that he possessed burglary tools in violation of \u00a7 40A-16-5, N.M.S.A.1953 (2d Repl.Vol. 6). The trial court ruled that the statute was unconstitutionally vague. The State appealed. We placed the appeal on the summary calendar, proposing summary reversal on the basis of prior New Mexico decisions. Defendant has filed a memorandum in opposition to summary reversal.\nA statute violates due process if it is so vague that persons of common intelligence must necessarily guess at its meaning. \u201cThe vagueness doctrine is based on notice and applies when a potential actor is exposed to criminal sanctions without a fair warning as to the nature of the proscribed activity.\u201d State v. Marchiondo, 85 N.M. 627, 515 P.2d 146 (Ct.App.1973).\nDefendant asserts the definition of \u201cburglary tools\u201d comes within the above-quoted statement of the vagueness test. He states: \u201cA hammer, a shovel, a crowbar, a hairpin and a clothes hanger are all perhaps capable of definition as \u2018burglary tools.\u2019 When is the person of ordinary intelligence to know when it is forbidden to have a hairpin in her possession ?\u201d\nDefendant\u2019s contention fails to consider the statutory language. Section 40A-16-5, supra, reads:\n\u201cPossession of burglary tools consists of having in the person\u2019s possession a device or instrumentality designed or commonly used for the commission of burglary and under circumstances evincing an intent to use the same in the commission of burglary.\u201d\nIn determining the question of vagueness, we consider the statute as a whole. State v. Orzen, 83 N.M. 458, 493 P.2d 768 (Ct.App.1972). The statute gives notice that one is exposed to criminal sanctions if one: (1) possesses an instrumentality or device, (2) the instrumentality or device is designed or commonly used to commit burglary, and (3) the instrumentality or device is possessed under circumstances evincing an intent to use the instrumentality or device in committing burglary. The statute is not void for vagueness; it gives fair warning that possession of the type of instrument described in the statute, and under the circumstances described in the statute, is a crime. See State v. Lawson, 59 N.M. 482, 286 P.2d 1076 (1955); Compare, Hines v. Baker, 422 F.2d 1002 (10th Cir. 1970); State v. Aguirre, 84 N.M. 376, 503 P.2d 1154 (1972); State v. Silva, 86 N.M. 543, 525 P.2d 903 (Ct.App.1974); State v. Minns, 80 N.M. 269, 454 P.2d 355 (Ct.App.1969).\nThe order of the trial court dismissing Count III of the indictment is reversed.\nIT IS SO ORDERED.\nHENDLEY and LOPEZ, JJ., concur.", "type": "majority", "author": "WOOD, Chief Judge." } ], "attorneys": [ "Toney Anaya, Atty. Gen., Santa Fe, for plaintiff-appellant.", "Jan A. Hartke, Acting Chief Public Defender, Don Klein, Acting Appellate Defender, Reginald J. Storment, Asst. Public Defender, Santa Fe, for defendant-appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "554 P.2d 983\nSTATE of New Mexico, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Ernest A. NAJERA, a/k/a Bobby Cruz, Defendant-Appellee.\nNo. 2667.\nCourt of Appeals of New Mexico.\nSept. 14, 1976.\nToney Anaya, Atty. Gen., Santa Fe, for plaintiff-appellant.\nJan A. Hartke, Acting Chief Public Defender, Don Klein, Acting Appellate Defender, Reginald J. Storment, Asst. Public Defender, Santa Fe, for defendant-appellee." }, "file_name": "0522-01", "first_page_order": 558, "last_page_order": 559 }