{ "id": 1568809, "name": "STATE of New Mexico, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Jerry Lewis MESTAS, Defendant-Appellant", "name_abbreviation": "State v. Mestas", "decision_date": "1980-01-03", "docket_number": "No. 4092", "first_page": "765", "last_page": "769", "citations": [ { "type": "official", "cite": "93 N.M. 765" }, { "type": "parallel", "cite": "605 P.2d 1164" } ], "court": { "name_abbreviation": "N.M. Ct. App.", "id": 9025, "name": "Court of Appeals of New Mexico" }, "jurisdiction": { "id": 52, "name_long": "New Mexico", "name": "N.M." }, "cites_to": [ { "cite": "540 F.2d 1383", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "F.2d", "case_ids": [ 315582 ], "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/f2d/540/1383-01" ] }, { "cite": "92 N.M. 80", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1557150 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1978, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/92/0080-01" ] }, { "cite": "93 N.M. 644", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1568828 ], "weight": 3, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/93/0644-01" ] }, { "cite": "90 N.M. 580", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2871323 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/90/0580-01" ] }, { "cite": "93 N.M. 239", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1568768 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/93/0239-01" ] }, { "cite": "432 U.S. 23", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 6176310 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/432/0023-01" ] }, { "cite": "400 U.S. 470", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12047837 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1971, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/400/0470-01" ] }, { "cite": "424 U.S. 600", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 12027140 ], "weight": 3, "year": 1976, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/424/0600-01" ] }, { "cite": "91 N.M. 131", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1571006 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/91/0131-01" ] }, { "cite": "431 U.S. 651", "category": "reporters:federal", "reporter": "U.S.", "case_ids": [ 1917 ], "weight": 4, "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/us/431/0651-01" ] }, { "cite": "51 N.M. 311", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1578356 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1947, "opinion_index": 0, "case_paths": [ "/nm/51/0311-01" ] }, { "cite": "90 N.M. 148", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2870034 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nm/90/0148-01" ] }, { "cite": "80 N.M. 488", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 5362121 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nm/80/0488-01" ] }, { "cite": "79 N.M. 43", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2740693 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1968, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nm/79/0043-01" ] }, { "cite": "51 N.M. 501", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1578133 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1948, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nm/51/0501-01" ] }, { "cite": "90 N.M. 303", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 2869895 ], "weight": 2, "year": 1977, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nm/90/0303-01" ] }, { "cite": "93 N.M. 644", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1568828 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nm/93/0644-01" ] }, { "cite": "93 N.M. 239", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1568768 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nm/93/0239-01" ] }, { "cite": "91 N.M. 131", "category": "reporters:state", "reporter": "N.M.", "case_ids": [ 1571006 ], "weight": 2, "opinion_index": 1, "case_paths": [ "/nm/91/0131-01" ] } ], "analysis": { "cardinality": 600, "char_count": 11777, "ocr_confidence": 0.788, "pagerank": { "raw": 1.0106594713462069e-07, "percentile": 0.5420761982648409 }, "sha256": "03b6c889a421a21f0cbe2bd8af76274505802203a185090d4d07d335790552fa", "simhash": "1:855fc12bb6d4497b", "word_count": 1927 }, "last_updated": "2023-07-14T15:53:36.909287+00:00", "provenance": { "date_added": "2019-08-29", "source": "Harvard", "batch": "2018" }, "casebody": { "judges": [ "ANDREWS, J., concurs." ], "parties": [ "STATE of New Mexico, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Jerry Lewis MESTAS, Defendant-Appellant." ], "opinions": [ { "text": "OPINION\nWOOD, Chief Judge.\nDefendant appeals an order denying his double jeopardy claim. We discuss: (1) whether the order is appealable, and (2) prosecutor misconduct which prohibits a retrial.\nWhether the Order is Appealable\nDefendant was convicted of criminal sexual penetration in the second degree and kidnapping. These convictions were reversed by memorandum opinion of this Court in State v. Mestas, (Ct.App.) No. 3608, decided August 22, 1978. A second trial in February, 1979 terminated when a mistrial was declared by the trial court. Defendant then moved for dismissal of the charges on the grounds of double jeopardy. This motion was denied in April, 1979 and defendant appealed.\nThe State has not challenged defendant\u2019s right to appeal the order denying defendant\u2019s motion. We discuss whether the order is appealable because it involves this Court\u2019s jurisdiction to hear the appeal.\nThe right of appeal is a matter of substantive law. State v. Arnold, 51 N.M. 311, 183 P.2d 845 (1947). Section 39-3-3(A), N.M.S.A. 1978 provides for appeals as of right, by a defendant, from an order denying relief on a petition to review conditions of relief. This provision is not applicable. The statute also provides for appeals as of right, by a defendant, from the entry of final judgment. The order denying defendant\u2019s motion, prior to the third trial, was not a final judgment. Abney v. United States, 431 U.S. 651, 97 S.Ct. 2034, 52 L.Ed.2d 651 (1977).\nThis Court has authority to grant interlocutory appeals. Section 39-3-3(A)(3), supra. We treat the docketing statement as an application for an interlocutory appeal, which we hereby grant. State v. Garcia, 91 N.M. 131, 571 P.2d 123 (Ct.App.1977). Since the case is before us as an interlocutory appeal, we do not reach the question of whether \u201cfinal judgment\u201d in \u00a7 39-3-3(A)(l), supra, should be construed to include an order denying a double jeopardy claim raised by pretrial motion. Compare Abney v. United States, supra.\nProsecutor Misconduct Which Prohibits a Retrial\nIn the first trial, defendant sought a mistrial because of improper closing argument of the prosecutor. The convictions were reversed because the prosecutor\u2019s argument was in bad faith and because the cumulative impact of the prosecutor\u2019s references to an absent witness denied defendant a fair trial. \u201cThe trial court erred in not granting defendant\u2019s motion for a mistrial.\u201d\nDefendant contended, at the motion hearing before the trial court, that he had not sought a mistrial at the second trial. The trial court ruled that the mistrial was granted at defendant\u2019s request, and the tapes support this ruling.\nThe factual predicate, then, is that defendant sought a mistrial at each of the first two trials.\nUnited States v. Dinitz, 424 U.S. 600, 96 S.Ct. 1075, 47 L.Ed.2d 267 (1976) states:\nThe Double Jeopardy Clause does protect a defendant against governmental actions intended to provoke mistrial requests and thereby to subject defendants to the substantial burdens imposed by multiple prosecutions. It bars retrials where \u201cbad-faith conduct by judge or prosecutor,\u201d . . . threatens the \u201c[hjarassment of an accused by successive prosecutions or declaration of a mistrial so as to afford the prosecution a more favorable opportunity to convict\u201d .\n(Our emphasis.)\nUnited States v. Jorn, 400 U.S. 470, 91 S.Ct. 547, 27 L.Ed.2d 543 (1971), at footnote 12, states:\n[Wjhere a defendant\u2019s mistrial motion is necessitated by judicial or prosecutorial impropriety designed to avoid an acquittal, reprosecution might well be barred. (Our emphasis.)\nThe wording we have emphasized in Dinitz and Jorn points out that the actions of the prosecutor must have been in bad faith, and must have been designed to afford the prosecution a more favorable opportunity to convict in the trial at which the mistrial motion was made. Lee v. United States, 432 U.S. 23, 97 S.Ct. 2141, 53 L.Ed.2d 80 (1977) applied \u201cthese principles\u201d and did not, in our opinion, expand the standard to be followed in determining whether reprosecution was barred.\nWe followed the language of Dinitz in State v, Dunn, 93 N.M. 239, 599 P.2d 392 (Ct.App.1979) and State v. Hogervorst, 90 N.M. 580, 566 P.2d 828 (Ct.App.1977). However, in State v. Quintana, 93 N.M. 644, 603 P.2d 1101 (Ct.App.1979) our paraphrasing of Dinitz was inexact. The standard to be followed is the one announced in Dinitz.\nThe memorandum reversing defendant\u2019s convictions at the first trial stated: \u201cWe view the closing remarks of the prosecutor, together with some of the questionable questioning at trial, to have been made in bad faith.\u201d Although the prosecutor\u2019s actions were in bad faith, defendant does not claim that these actions were designed to afford the prosecutor a more favorable opportunity to convict. Defendant properly failed to claim that the second trial (which ended in a mistrial) was barred by double jeopardy. In denying the mistrial motion at the first trial, the trial court ruled that the prosecutor\u2019s improper comments came after defendant \u201c \u2018opened the door\u2019 . . .\u201d As to the improper questioning \u201c[sjome objections were sustained \u2014 some were overruled and properly so .\u201d Although the prosecutor\u2019s bad faith conduct amounted to error requiring a new trial, there was nothing indicating the conduct was for the purpose of causing a mistrial or a reversal on appeal so as to afford the prosecutor a more favorable opportunity to obtain a conviction at a subsequent trial. Compare the facts in State v. Callaway, 92 N.M. 80, 582 P.2d 1293 (1978).\nAt the second trial the prosecutor asked an improper question; because of this question a mistrial was declared. Defendant\u2019s double jeopardy claim is based on this question. The trial court ruled that the question was not asked in bad faith, and was not designed to provoke a mistrial; \u201cShe had everything to lose from that [question], nothing to gain. She had a very favorable jury.\u201d These rulings were not incorrect as a matter of law. The improper question at the second trial did not bar the scheduled third trial. Compare State v. Quintana, supra; United States v. Buzzard, 540 F.2d 1383 (10th Cir. 1976).\nThe order of the trial court is affirmed.\nIT IS SO ORDERED.\nANDREWS, J., concurs.\nSUTIN, J., specially concurring.", "type": "majority", "author": "WOOD, Chief Judge." }, { "text": "SUTIN, Judge\n(specially concurring).\nI concur in the result.\nA. An interlocutory appeal was properly granted.\nJudge Wood treated a docketing statement as an application for an interlocutory appeal. State v. Garcia, 91 N.M. 131, 571 P.2d 123 (Ct.App.1977). I agree. By this process of construing \u00a7 39-3-3(A)(3), N.M. S.A.1978, and Rule 203 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure for Criminal Cases, we take the view that the Supreme Court follows a policy of construing rules liberally, to the end that cases on appeal may be determined on the merits where it can be done without impeding or confusing administration or perpetrating an injustice. Olguin v. State, 90 N.M. 303, 563 P.2d 97 (1977).\nI concur in this procedural device and in any similar device used in every criminal case wherein a defendant suffers because of the fault of an attorney. Defendants in a criminal case are entitled to the protection of the law. Their attorneys are not whenever the statutes and rules of procedure are not followed.\nB. The trial court erred in declaring a mistrial.\nThe prosecutor asked the defendant this question on cross-examination.\nIsn\u2019t it true that on that evening your sister accused you of raping her friend?\nBased on this question the trial court granted a mistrial. The ruling was erroneous. The question as to the scope of the cross-examination has been ruled upon by the Supreme Court on many occasions. The cross-examination of a witness should be limited to those facts and circumstances connected with the matters inquired of in the direct examination, except as to those tending to discredit or impeach the witness. It is not confined to the identical details testified to in chief, but extends to its entire subject matter, and to all matters that may modify, supplement, contradict, rebut or make clearer the facts testified to in chief by the witness on direct examination. It is much safer to resolve the doubts in favor of the cross-examiner than to risk excluding testimony that should be admitted. State v. Wilcoxson, 51 N.M. 501, 188 P.2d 611 (1948); State v. Anaya, 79 N.M. 43, 439 P.2d 561 (1968); State v. Baca, 80 N.M. 488, 458 P.2d 92 (Ct.App.1969).\nThe State\u2019s question was not improper or prejudicial. It was within the realm of permissible questions on cross-examination. The defendant could have answered the question \u201cyes\u201d or \u201cno.\u201d His answer would have been \u201cno\u201d because he claimed an alibi. The State would then have the right to attack the credibility of the defendant and impeach his testimony. For the purpose of impeachment, evidence is not barred because it is hearsay. Weiland v. Vigil, 90 N.M. 148, 560 P.2d 939 (Ct.App.1977).\nThe propriety of a mistrial is to be determined by whether there was a manifest necessity for the mistrial order, or by whether the ends of public justice would be defeated by carrying this trial to its final verdict. State v. Dunn, 93 N.M. 239, 599 P.2d 392 (Ct.App.1979). A question asked on cross-examination of a witness cannot trespass on this rule of law. The question only calls for a ruling over objection as to whether the question was relevant or permissible. The trial court erred in declaring a mistrial. On this ground, defendant is subject to a third trial.\nDefendant\u2019s motion for dismissal of the charges on grounds of double jeopardy was properly denied because it was not an issue in the case.\nTo allow double jeopardy as an issue in this appeal raises serious questions on whether defendant should be discharged. To discuss this issue would require an extensive discussion of the facts and application of the doctrine of double jeopardy. There is no doubt that the prosecutor sought \u201ca more favorable opportunity to convict\u201d defendant when the question was asked. The State concedes that the question was improper.\nOn September 29, 1979, in State v. Quintana, 93 N.M. 644, 603 P.2d 1101, Judge Wood said that \u201coverreaching\u201d which bars retrial requires bad faith conduct \u201cwhich seeks for the prosecutor a more favorable opportunity to convict.\u201d In the first trial, there were constant references to defendant\u2019s sister as well as a wrongful accusation made by the prosecutor in closing arguments. In case No. 3608, the court said:\nWe view the closing remarks of the prosecutor together with some of the questionable questioning at trial, to have been made in bad faith.\nA serious question arises whether the reference to defendant\u2019s sister in the second trial was made in good faith.\nFurthermore, in the first trial, the prosecutor acted in bad faith. Did this fact preclude the initiation of the second trial irrespective of whether it was intended to provoke a mistrial? It would appear so, but this question was not raised in the first and second trials.\nReluctantly, I have decided not to answer these difficult double jeopardy problems. To me, the question asked on cross-examination was permissible. The trial court erred in granting a mistrial and defendant is subject to a third trial.\nDefendant has been charged with a serious criminal offense. He must be tried until, absent reversible error, he is found guilty or not guilty.", "type": "concurrence", "author": "SUTIN, Judge" } ], "attorneys": [ "John B. Bigelow, Chief Public Defender, Michael Dickman, Asst. Appellate Defender, Santa Fe, Charles Finley, Albuquerque, for defendant-appellant.", "Jeff Bingaman, Atty. Gen., Arthur Enpinias, Asst. Atty. Gen., Santa Fe, for plaintiff-appellee." ], "corrections": "", "head_matter": "605 P.2d 1164\nSTATE of New Mexico, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. Jerry Lewis MESTAS, Defendant-Appellant.\nNo. 4092.\nCourt of Appeals of New Mexico.\nJan. 3, 1980.\nJohn B. Bigelow, Chief Public Defender, Michael Dickman, Asst. Appellate Defender, Santa Fe, Charles Finley, Albuquerque, for defendant-appellant.\nJeff Bingaman, Atty. Gen., Arthur Enpinias, Asst. Atty. Gen., Santa Fe, for plaintiff-appellee." }, "file_name": "0765-01", "first_page_order": 811, "last_page_order": 815 }